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Journal of Medical Ethics Sep 1979
Topics: Antisocial Personality Disorder; Conscience; Humans; Permissiveness; Psychology; Violence
PubMed: 490568
DOI: 10.1136/jme.5.3.105 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Mar 2017Parenting style may be an important determinant of an individual's future weight status. However, reviews that evaluate the relationship between parenting style and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Parenting style may be an important determinant of an individual's future weight status. However, reviews that evaluate the relationship between parenting style and weight-related outcomes have not focused on prospective studies.
METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and PsychInfo for studies published between 1995 and 2016 that evaluated the prospective relationship between parenting style experienced in childhood and subsequent weight outcomes.
RESULTS
We identified 11 prospective cohort studies. Among the eight studies that categorized parenting style into distinct groups (i.e. authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and neglectful), five provided evidence that authoritative parenting was associated with lower body mass index gains. Among the six highest quality studies, four suggested a protective role of authoritative parenting style against adverse weight-related outcomes. However, only one study controlled for a comprehensive set of confounders, and the small number of studies conducted within certain age groups precluded our ability to ascertain critical periods when parenting style is most strongly related to child weight.
CONCLUSIONS
The present literature supports the idea that authoritative parenting may be protective against later overweight and obesity, although findings are mixed. More prospective cohort studies of longer durations, with more sophisticated methods that examine age-varying relationships, and that control for a comprehensive set of confounders, are needed.
Topics: Authoritarianism; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Databases, Factual; Humans; Obesity; Observational Studies as Topic; Overweight; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Parents; Permissiveness
PubMed: 28086262
DOI: 10.1111/obr.12497 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Feb 2015Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is an entry receptor for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is regarded as one of the determinants that confer HBV...
Dysregulation of retinoic acid receptor diminishes hepatocyte permissiveness to hepatitis B virus infection through modulation of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) expression.
Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is an entry receptor for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is regarded as one of the determinants that confer HBV permissiveness to host cells. However, how host factors regulate the ability of NTCP to support HBV infection is largely unknown. We aimed to identify the host signaling that regulated NTCP expression and thereby permissiveness to HBV. Here, a cell-based chemical screening method identified that Ro41-5253 decreased host susceptibility to HBV infection. Pretreatment with Ro41-5253 inhibited the viral entry process without affecting HBV replication. Intriguingly, Ro41-5253 reduced expression of both NTCP mRNA and protein. We found that retinoic acid receptor (RAR) regulated the promoter activity of the human NTCP (hNTCP) gene and that Ro41-5253 repressed the hNTCP promoter by antagonizing RAR. RAR recruited to the hNTCP promoter region, and nucleotides -112 to -96 of the hNTCP was suggested to be critical for RAR-mediated transcriptional activation. HBV susceptibility was decreased in pharmacologically RAR-inactivated cells. CD2665 showed a stronger anti-HBV potential and disrupted the spread of HBV infection that was achieved by continuous reproduction of the whole HBV life cycle. In addition, this mechanism was significant for drug development, as antagonization of RAR blocked infection of multiple HBV genotypes and also a clinically relevant HBV mutant that was resistant to nucleoside analogs. Thus, RAR is crucial for regulating NTCP expression that determines permissiveness to HBV infection. This is the first demonstration showing host regulation of NTCP to support HBV infection.
Topics: Adamantane; Antiviral Agents; Benzoates; Cell Line, Tumor; Cells, Cultured; Chromans; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Gene Expression; Genotype; Hep G2 Cells; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatocytes; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunoblotting; Molecular Structure; Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Binding; Receptors, Retinoic Acid; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Symporters
PubMed: 25550158
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M114.602540 -
Development (Cambridge, England) Feb 1997During zebrafish development, identified motoneurons innervate cell-specific regions of each trunk myotome. One motoneuron, CaP, extends an axon along the medial surface...
During zebrafish development, identified motoneurons innervate cell-specific regions of each trunk myotome. One motoneuron, CaP, extends an axon along the medial surface of the ventral myotome. To learn how this pathway is established during development, the CaP axon was used as an assay to ask whether other regions of the myotome were permissive for normal CaP pathfinding. Native myotomes were replaced with donor myotomes in normal or reversed dorsoventral orientations and CaP pathfinding was assayed. Ventral myotomes were permissive for CaP axons, even when they were taken from older embryos, suggesting that the CaP pathway remained present on ventral myotome throughout development. Dorsal myotomes from young embryos were also permissive for CaP axons, however, older dorsal myotomes were non-permissive, showing that permissiveness of dorsal myotome for normal CaP pathfinding diminished over time. This process appears to depend on signals from the embryo, since dorsal myotomes matured in vitro remained permissive for CaP axons. Genetic mosaics between wild-type and floating head mutant embryos revealed notochord involvement in dorsal myotome change of permissiveness. Dorsal and ventral myotomes from both younger and older floating head mutant embryos were permissive for CaP axons. These data suggest that initially both dorsal and ventral myotomes are permissive for CaP axons but as development proceeds, there is a notochord-dependent decrease in permissiveness of dorsal myotome for CaP axonal outgrowth. This change participates in restricting the CaP pathway to the ventral myotome and thus to neuromuscular specificity.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Immunohistochemistry; Motor Neurons; Notochord; Zebrafish
PubMed: 9043086
DOI: 10.1242/dev.124.3.713 -
Psychiatry Feb 1959
Topics: Humans; Permissiveness; Psychotherapy; Therapeutic Community
PubMed: 13634278
DOI: 10.1080/00332747.1959.11023157 -
Perceptual and Motor Skills Feb 1979This investigation examined communication patterns between 16 randomly selected senior dental students and their child patients. Interactions were videotaped during a...
This investigation examined communication patterns between 16 randomly selected senior dental students and their child patients. Interactions were videotaped during a regular treatment appointment and analyzed according to four Practitioner Communication categories and four Child Cooperation categories. Communication categories included Directive Guidance Behavior, Permissive Behavior, Coercive Behavior, and Other Behavior. Child behavior categories included Cooperation, Resistance, Noncooperation, and Other. The probability that a given category of child's behavior would follow a given category of practitioner's behavior was calculated. Results indicated a .85 probability that Directive Guidance would be followed by Cooperation; a .67 probability that Permissiveness would lead to Noncooperation; and a .97 likelihood that Coerciveness would lead to either Noncooperation or Resistance. Practitioners' confidence was also considered; less confident operators account for 95% of the Coercive behaviors, 86% of Permissive behaviors and 87% of Uncooperative behaviors.
Topics: Child; Child Behavior; Child, Preschool; Communication; Dentist-Patient Relations; Female; Humans; Male; Patient Compliance; Pediatric Dentistry; Permissiveness; Students, Dental
PubMed: 156346
DOI: 10.2466/pms.1979.48.1.159 -
American Family Physician Oct 2009
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Cannabinoids; Cannabis; Humans; Marijuana Smoking; Permissiveness; Physicians, Family; Plant Preparations; Practice Guidelines as Topic; United States
PubMed: 19835339
DOI: No ID Found -
Cytotechnology Jul 2008It is well known that the characteristics of cell lines possibly alter when cell lines are at high-passage number because of the environmental selection. We do not know...
It is well known that the characteristics of cell lines possibly alter when cell lines are at high-passage number because of the environmental selection. We do not know whether non-permissive or low-permissive cell lines could become permissive or more permissive to virus infection after over-high passage. In the present studies, the alteration of the permissiveness of Spodoptera litura cell line Sl-zsu-1 to three baculovirus infection was investigated after over-high passage, and the possible mechanisms are also investigated. Vigorous apoptosis in Sl-zsu-1 cells was induced by both the recombinant Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus AcMNPV-GFP-actin and the celery looper Anagrapha falcifera multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus AfMNPV, suggesting the replication of the two viruses was blocked by apoptosis. However, the cells infected by S. litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus SpltMNPV did not undergo apoptosis, but the SpltMNPV titre of the supernatant was not detectable, suggesting this cell line was low-permissive for this virus infection and other factor(s) involved in blockage of the virus replication except apoptosis. However, when Sl-zsu-1 cells had been subcultured continuously for more than 4 years (high-passage cell), which was named as Sl-HP cell line afterwards, no significant apoptosis was induced by the three baculovirus in Sl-HP cells, and many replicated virions or nucleocapsids were observed in the cells. But the permissiveness of Sl-HP cells to the three viruses was very different according to the titre of viruses in the cell cultures. Interestingly, the DNA extracted from SpltMNPV could induce vigorous apoptosis of Sl-HP cells. Altogether, Sl-zsu-1 cell line becomes more permissive to baculovirus infection after over-high passage and multiple paths can block the baculovirus infectivity.
PubMed: 19003180
DOI: 10.1007/s10616-008-9158-8 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Jan 1980
Topics: Attitude; Canada; Child; Child Rearing; Humans; Permissiveness; Psychology, Child
PubMed: 7363202
DOI: No ID Found -
PLoS Pathogens 2012Primary human hepatocytes isolated from patient biopsies represent the most physiologically relevant cell culture model for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but these...
Primary human hepatocytes isolated from patient biopsies represent the most physiologically relevant cell culture model for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but these primary cells are not readily accessible, display individual variability, and are largely refractory to genetic manipulation. Hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from pluripotent stem cells provide an attractive alternative as they not only overcome these shortcomings but can also provide an unlimited source of noncancer cells for both research and cell therapy. Despite its promise, the permissiveness to HCV infection of differentiated human hepatocyte-like cells (DHHs) has not been explored. Here we report a novel infection model based on DHHs derived from human embryonic (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). DHHs generated in chemically defined media under feeder-free conditions were subjected to infection by both HCV derived in cell culture (HCVcc) and patient-derived virus (HCVser). Pluripotent stem cells and definitive endoderm were not permissive for HCV infection whereas hepatic progenitor cells were persistently infected and secreted infectious particles into culture medium. Permissiveness to infection was correlated with induction of the liver-specific microRNA-122 and modulation of cellular factors that affect HCV replication. RNA interference directed toward essential cellular cofactors in stem cells resulted in HCV-resistant hepatocyte-like cells after differentiation. The ability to infect cultured cells directly with HCV patient serum, to study defined stages of viral permissiveness, and to produce genetically modified cells with desired phenotypes all have broad significance for host-pathogen interactions and cell therapy.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Hepatocytes; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; MicroRNAs; Models, Biological; Pluripotent Stem Cells
PubMed: 22496645
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002617