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The Journal of Antibiotics Apr 2022Four new pestalone-type benzophenones, pestalotinones A-D (1-4), along with six known congeners, pestalone, pestalone E-F, SB87-Cl, SB87-H, and pestalachloride B, were...
Four new pestalone-type benzophenones, pestalotinones A-D (1-4), along with six known congeners, pestalone, pestalone E-F, SB87-Cl, SB87-H, and pestalachloride B, were isolated from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola SC-J551 cultivated on rice grains. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1-3 exhibited potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA (MIC: 1.25-2.5 μg ml) while no cytotoxicity against Vero cells (IC > 50 μM). The activity profile of this group of compounds suggested that replacement of the C-14 aldehyde with an oxymethyl greatly increases their activity and selectivity towards the bacteria and chlorine substitutions result in the increase of antibacterial activity and slight decrease of cytotoxicity against the mammalian cells.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Benzophenones; Chlorocebus aethiops; Fungi; Molecular Structure; Pestalotiopsis; Vero Cells
PubMed: 35115699
DOI: 10.1038/s41429-022-00510-0 -
Natural Product Research Aug 2020A drimane-type sesquiterpene, (+)-dendocarbin L () together with two bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes, (+)-sydonic acid () and (+)-sydowic acid () were isolated from the...
A drimane-type sesquiterpene, (+)-dendocarbin L () together with two bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes, (+)-sydonic acid () and (+)-sydowic acid () were isolated from the mycelium of HF 12440, an endophytic fungus from the stem of . The structures of all compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods and by comparison with the literature. Compound was isolated from the fungi for the first time, compounds and were firstly obtained from this endophytic fungus. Compound showed cytotoxicity (IC 2.56 μg/mL) against murine leukemia P-388 cells.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Artocarpus; Cell Line, Tumor; Leukemia; Mice; Molecular Structure; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Spectrum Analysis; Xylariales
PubMed: 30835534
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1578764 -
Plant Disease May 2022
Topics: China; Pestalotiopsis; Photinia; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 34664981
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-06-21-1351-PDN -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022Nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-like enzymes containing A-T-R domain architecture are also known as carboxylate reductases (CARs) for aldehyde generation. To...
Nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-like enzymes containing A-T-R domain architecture are also known as carboxylate reductases (CARs) for aldehyde generation. To identify new members of CARs, we established a virtual library containing 84 fungal CARs distributed in seven distinct clades by genome mining and phylogenetic analysis. Nine CARs, including PnlA from and eight known CARs, were clustered in clade VI and proposed to catalyze the reduction of nonreducing polyketide synthase (NR-PKS)-derived aryl carboxylic acids. The recombinant protein PnlA was overproduced and purified to apparent homogeneity from . In vitro enzyme assays of PnlA with 28 different benzoic acid derivatives (-) revealed the corresponding aldehyde formation in 14 cases (-). Comparison of conversion yields indicated the high preference of PnlA toward 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid (DMOA, ) and vanillic acid (). A specificity-conferring code Q355 in PnlA was postulated by sequence alignment with the known CARs in clade VI. Our study provides an updated virtual library of fungal CAR enzymes and expands the biocatalytic selectivity of CARs.
PubMed: 36294566
DOI: 10.3390/jof8101001 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Black spot needle blight is a serious conifer disease of var. occurring in Northeast China, which is usually caused by the plant pathogenic fungus . From the diseased...
Black spot needle blight is a serious conifer disease of var. occurring in Northeast China, which is usually caused by the plant pathogenic fungus . From the diseased pine needles collected in Honghuaerji, the strain YJ-3 was isolated and identified as the phytopathogen, and its culture characteristics were studied. Then, we generated a highly contiguous 48.36-Mbp genome assembly (N50 = 6.62 Mbp) of the strain YJ-3 by combining the PacBio RS II Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) and Illumina HiSeq X Ten sequencing platforms. The results showed that a total of 13,667 protein-coding genes were predicted and annotated using multiple bioinformatics databases. The genome assembly and annotation resource reported here will be useful for the study of fungal infection mechanisms and pathogen-host interaction.
PubMed: 37233276
DOI: 10.3390/jof9050564 -
Natural Products and Bioprospecting Dec 2019An endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora isolated from the fruits of Manilkara zapota was cultured in potato dextrose broth media. Chromatographic separation of...
An endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora isolated from the fruits of Manilkara zapota was cultured in potato dextrose broth media. Chromatographic separation of the EtOAc extract of the broth and mycelium led to the isolation of a new azaphilonoid named pitholide E (1), in addition to previously identified pitholide B (2), pitholide D (3), pestalotin (LL-P880α) (4), PC-2 (5), LL-P880β (6), tyrosol (7) and 4-oxo-4H-pyran-3-acetic acid (8). An endophytic fungus P. microspora from M. zapota and the isolation of compounds 1-5, 7 and 8 from P. microspora are reported here for the first time.
PubMed: 31729648
DOI: 10.1007/s13659-019-00225-0 -
Plant Disease Jun 2024Hua is a perennial herb of the Asparagaceae family that is used for both dietary and medicinal purposes in China. In September 2019, a new leaf spot disease on was...
Hua is a perennial herb of the Asparagaceae family that is used for both dietary and medicinal purposes in China. In September 2019, a new leaf spot disease on was detected and is currently widespread in Huaihua, Hunan Province, China. Pathogenic fungi were isolated and purified from samples of diseased tissue that were collected for morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies. The pathogen was identified using multilocus (ITS, TEF-1, and TUB2) phylogenies, as well as morphological characters, and was found to be clustered but separately divergent from species of . However, there were significant morphological differences between the pathogen and similar species. The pathogen was finally identified as a new species that was designated . This is the first report of serving as the causal agent of gray leaf spot on . This study will provide useful information for the diagnosis and management of this disease.
PubMed: 38381962
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-12-23-2743-SC -
Plant Disease May 2023Pandanus amaryllifolius, also known as pandan, is a perennial herb, growing in Indonesia, China and the Maluku Islands (Wakte et al. 2009). It is the only plant with...
Pandanus amaryllifolius, also known as pandan, is a perennial herb, growing in Indonesia, China and the Maluku Islands (Wakte et al. 2009). It is the only plant with aromatic leaves in the Pandanaceae. It is widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics and other industries, and is also known as "Oriental Vanilla." Pandan is planted in Hainan province over 1,300 ha and is the main plant intercropped among the forest trees. From 2020, the leaf spot was surveyed for three years. Diseased leaves occurred on 30 to 80% of the surveyed plants, with an incidence of 70% and yield losses of 40%. The disease occured from mid-November to April and was most severe at low temperatures and humidity. Initial symptoms were pale green spots, that formed dark brown, nearly circular lesions. As the lesions expanded, their centers became greyish white, with yellow halos at the junction of the diseased and healthy tissue. When the humidity was high, there were small black spots scattered in the center of the lesion. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected from four different sites. The leaf surface was disinfested with 75% ethyl alcohol for 30 s and washed with sterile distilled water three times. Samples from the junction of diseased and healthy tissue (0.5 × 0.5 cm) were removed and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium containing 100 µg/mL of cefotaxime sodium and cultivated in a dark incubator at 28°C. After two days, hyphal tips from the edges of growing colonies were transferred to fresh PDA plates for further purification. Following Koch's postulates, colonies from strains were used as inoculum in pathogenicity tests. Colonies with 5 mm diameter were inoculated upside onto fresh and healthy pandan leaves via wounding method (pinpricked by sterilized needles) and non-wounding method. Sterilized PDA was used as control. All plants were setted three replicates and were incubated at 28℃ for 3 to 5 days. When symptoms on leaves similar to those in the field appeared, the fungus were reisolated The colonies formed on PDA were also consistent with the original isolate (Scandiani et al, 2003). After seven days, the colony covered the whole petri dish with white, petal-shaped growth with a slight concentric, annular bulge in the center, irregular edges, with black acervuli emerging at a later stage of colony growth. Conidia were fusiform, 18.1±1.6 × 6.4±0.3 μm, showing four septations and five cells, the middle three cells were brownish black to olivaceous, and the apical cell colorless with two to three filaments, 21.8±3.5 μm long. The caudate cell was colorless with one stalk 5.9±1.8 μm long (Zhang et al. 2021; Shu et al. 2020). According to the colony and conidia characteristics, the pathogen was initially identified as Pestalotiopsis spp. (Benjamin et al. 1961). To confirm the pathogen identity, we used the universal primers ITS1/ITS4, targeting primers EF1-728F/EF1-986R and Bt2a/Bt2b sequences (Tian et al. 2018). The sequences of the PCR products were deposited in NCBI GenBank with accession numbers OQ165166 (ITS), OQ352149 (TEF1-α) and OQ352150 (TUB2). BLAST results showed that the sequences of the ITS, TEF1-α and TUB2 genes shared 100% homology with the sequences of Pestalotiopsis clavispora. The maximum likelihood method was used in the phylogenetic analysis. The result showed that LSS112 was clustered with Pestalotiopsis clavispora with a support rate of 99%. Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, the pathogen was confirmed as Pestalotiopsis clavispora. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot of pandan caused by Pestalotiopsis clavispora in China. This research will be immediately helpful for the diagnosis and control the disease on pandan.
PubMed: 37157095
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-02-23-0302-PDN -
Phytochemistry Sep 2023Biotransformation of toxic components by plant endophytes has become an effective method to reduce the toxicity of target compounds and discover lead compounds. In this...
Biotransformation of toxic components by plant endophytes has become an effective method to reduce the toxicity of target compounds and discover lead compounds. In this context, an endophytic fungus, Pestalotiopsis sp. LGT-1, from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TwHF), was used to reduce the toxicity of celastrol which is also produced by TwHF and is considered an attractive molecule with a variety of biological activities. Seven celastrol derivatives (1-7) were isolated from the coculture fermentation broth of LGT-1 and celastrol. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis including 1D and 2D NMR, as well as HRESIMS. Their absolute configurations were determined by analysis of NOESY, ECD data and NMR calculations. In cell proliferation experiments, the toxicity of seven compounds was 10.11- to 1.24-fold lower in normal cells than the prototype compound celastrol. These derivatives serve as potential candidates for future pharmaceutical applications.
Topics: Pestalotiopsis; Molecular Structure; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Biotransformation; Tripterygium
PubMed: 37279870
DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113750 -
Caryophyllene sesquiterpenoids with various ring systems from the fungus Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis.Phytochemistry Mar 2023Six undescribed caryophyllene sesquiterpenoids named pestalotiopsins O-T, along with eight known analogues, were obtained from the fungus Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis....
Six undescribed caryophyllene sesquiterpenoids named pestalotiopsins O-T, along with eight known analogues, were obtained from the fungus Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis. Their structures and absolute configurations were assigned by NMR spectroscopic analyses, HRESIMS, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, Mo(OAc)-induced ECD, and chemical derivatization. Pestalotiopsin P represents the first example of a caryophyllene sesquiterpenoid possessing an oxatricyclo [7.2.2.0]tridecane decorated with a rare bridgehead double bond, while pestalotiopsin Q has an oxatricyclic [6.3.1.0]dodecane skeleton with an unusual ether bridge between C-1 and C-5. These undescribed caryophyllene sesquiterpenoids were screened for their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities.
Topics: Molecular Structure; Sesquiterpenes; Fungi
PubMed: 36566821
DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113569