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Genomics Sep 2023The pathogenic fungus Pestalotiopsis versicolor is a major etiological agent of fungal twig blight disease affecting bayberry trees. However, the lack of complete genome...
The pathogenic fungus Pestalotiopsis versicolor is a major etiological agent of fungal twig blight disease affecting bayberry trees. However, the lack of complete genome sequence information for this crucial pathogenic fungus hinders the molecular and genetic investigation of its pathogenic mechanism. To address this knowledge gap, we have generated the complete genome sequence of P. versicolor strain XJ27, employing a combination of Illumina, PacBio, and Hi-C sequencing technologies. This comprehensive genome sequence, comprising 7 chromosomes with an N50 contig size of 7,275,017 bp, a GC content ratio of 50.16%, and a total size of 50.80 Mb, encompasses 13,971 predicted coding genes. By performing comparative genomic analysis between P. versicolor and the genomes of eleven plant-pathogenic fungi, as well as three closely related fungi within the same group, we have gained initial insights into its evolutionary trajectory, particularly through gene family analysis. These findings shed light on the distinctive characteristics and evolutionary history of P. versicolor. Importantly, the availability of this high-quality genetic resource will serve as a foundational tool for investigating the biology, molecular pathogenesis, and virulence of P. versicolor. Furthermore, it will facilitate the development of more potent antifungal medications by uncovering potential vulnerabilities in its genetic makeup.
Topics: Myrica; Genome, Fungal; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Ascomycota; Phylogeny
PubMed: 37558012
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110695 -
Journal of Asian Natural Products... Jan 2022Mangrove endophytic fungi were proved to be a prolific resources for bioactive secondary metabolites. Two new polyketides, pestalotiopin B () and pestalotiopyrone N ()...
Mangrove endophytic fungi were proved to be a prolific resources for bioactive secondary metabolites. Two new polyketides, pestalotiopin B () and pestalotiopyrone N () were obtained from the ethyl acetate extracts of the rice solid cultures of the mangrove endophytic fungus sp. HQD-6. The structures of and were determined by detailed interpretation of NMR spectroscopic analysis and HR-ESIMS. All of the isolates were evaluated for their antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.
Topics: China; Fungi; Molecular Structure; Pestalotiopsis; Polyketides; Rhizophoraceae
PubMed: 33511870
DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1877674 -
Bioorganic Chemistry May 2021Coculturing two or more fungi is a useful strategy to awaken the silent genes to produce structurally diverse and bioactive natural products. Through the coculture of...
Coculturing two or more fungi is a useful strategy to awaken the silent genes to produce structurally diverse and bioactive natural products. Through the coculture of Pestalotiopsis sp. and Penicillium bialowiezense, six new isoprenylated chromane derivatives, including two pairs of enantiomeric ones (1a/1b-2a/2b) and two optical pure ones (3-4), two new isoprenylated phenol glucoside derivatives (6-7), as well as eight known structural analogues (5 and 8-14), were obtained. The structures of these new compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and ECD calculation. The Δ double bond of pestaloficin D (5) was revised to E-configurated based on the extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1a/1b and 2a/2b were the first examples of enantiomeric isoprenylated chromane derivatives, which were successfully separated by chiral HPLC. Additionally, all the isolated compounds were evaluated for the in vitro β-glucuronidase (GUS) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities. Compounds 1a and 1b showed significant β-glucuronidase inhibitory potency with IC values of 7.6 and 10.3 μM, respectively. Compound 14 exhibited moderate BChE inhibitory activity with an IC value of 21.3 μM. In addition, the structure-enzyme inhibitory activity relationship of compounds 1-14 is discussed.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Butyrylcholinesterase; Chromans; Crystallography, X-Ray; Density Functional Theory; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glucuronidase; Horses; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Penicillium; Pestalotiopsis
PubMed: 33780746
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104826 -
The Journal of Antibiotics Jan 2024New ambuic acid derivatives, pestallic acids R-V (1-5), together with ambuic acid (6), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola SC-J551...
New ambuic acid derivatives, pestallic acids R-V (1-5), together with ambuic acid (6), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola SC-J551 derived from the fern Blechnum orientale L., of which compound 2, being racemic, was separated to two optically pure enantiomers (+)-2 and (-)-2. The structures including absolute configurations of these new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and theoretical simulations of their ECD spectra and C NMR chemical shifts. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited cytotoxicity against human carcinoma A549, HeLa, HepG2, and MCF-7 cells (IC: 3.6-12.5 μM) and compound 3 was also active against Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA (MIC = 20 μg ml). Compound (±)-2 showed inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NO release (IC = 21.1 μM) and t-BHP-induced ROS production (IC = 8.5 μM) in RAW264.7 macrophages.
Topics: Humans; Fungi; Pestalotiopsis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 37957338
DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00674-3 -
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB Sep 2023Dendrobium catenatum, which belongs to the Orchidaceae family, has been used as a traditional medicine and healthy food in China for over 2000 years, and is of enormous...
Interactions between endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. DO14 and Dendrobium catenatum: Deciphering plant polysaccharide and flavonoid accumulation and underlying mechanisms by comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses.
Dendrobium catenatum, which belongs to the Orchidaceae family, has been used as a traditional medicine and healthy food in China for over 2000 years, and is of enormous economic value. Polysaccharides and flavonoids are two major functional ingredients in D. catenatum stems that contribute to its health benefits. D. catenatum lives in close association with endophytic fungi, but the literature regarding the further relations between them, especially the fungal-induced accumulation of metabolites in the host plant, is sparse. Our previous study showed that Pestalotiopsis sp. DO14 isolated from D. catenatum improved the host plant growth and metabolite accumulation. This study was performed to investigate dynamic variations of the growth traits, key metabolites (polysaccharides and flavonoids), and expression of key genes of D. catenatum under conditions of the DO14 colonization. Colonization with DO14 promoted D. catenatum growth as indicated by increased leaf area, mid-stem thickness, and plant height. The content of polysaccharides, mannose, and sucrose increased even without DO14 entering the host cells or forming a mature symbiotic relationship concurrent with improved photosynthesis rate. Furthermore, DO14 induced upregulation of genes involved in sugar and flavonoid metabolism, especially phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCKA), chalcone synthase (CHS) and UDP-glycose flavonoid glycosyltransferase (UFGT). These observations suggested that endophytic fungi induce the accumulation of polysaccharides and flavonoids by plants, increasing the efficiency of carbon assimilation and carbon turnover. The findings of this study provide insight into the mechanisms underlying Orchidaceae-endophyte interactions, and suggest potential novel applications of endophytic fungi in D. catenatum breeding to improved plant quality.
Topics: Flavonoids; Dendrobium; Transcriptome; Pestalotiopsis; Plant Breeding; Polysaccharides; Metabolome
PubMed: 37562204
DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107942 -
Phytochemistry Oct 2017Twelve previously undescribed polyketide derivatives, heterocornols A-L, and seven known analogues were isolated from a culture of the fungus Pestalotiopsis heterocornis...
Twelve previously undescribed polyketide derivatives, heterocornols A-L, and seven known analogues were isolated from a culture of the fungus Pestalotiopsis heterocornis associated with sponge. Their structures were elucidated by a comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis and CD Cotton effects. These compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic and antibacterial activities in vitro. Among them, heterocornols A-C, F-H, methyl-(2-formyl-3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, agropyrenol, and vaccinol G exhibited cytotoxicities against four human cancer cell lines with IC values 15-100 μM, and they also showed antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with MIC values ranging from 25 to 100 μg/mL. Moreover, compounds heterocornol C, heterocornol G, agropyrenol, and vaccinol G showed weak antifungal activities against Candida parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC values 100 μg/mL.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Candida albicans; Cryptococcus neoformans; Crystallography, X-Ray; Doxorubicin; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Male; Marine Biology; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Structure; Naphthalenes; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Polyketides; Porifera; Staphylococcus aureus; Xylariales
PubMed: 28675830
DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.06.009 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023In Colombia, plantings with the oil palm hybrid between × , known as O × G hybrid, have increased due to its tolerance to bud rot. Despite this, different degrees of...
In Colombia, plantings with the oil palm hybrid between × , known as O × G hybrid, have increased due to its tolerance to bud rot. Despite this, different degrees of foliar necrosis, chlorosis, and leaf blight have been reported in some cultivars; therefore, this work aimed to diagnose this problem. We visited plantation plots with palms exhibiting the mentioned symptoms and collected 21 samples of affected tissues in different disease states. The affected tissues were examined and seeded in a culture medium. Pathogenicity tests were performed and the isolates were characterized by culture and morphological and molecular features. , , , and 25 -like fungi were isolated from the foliar lesions. In the pathogenicity tests, the symptoms observed in the field were reproduced with MFTU01-1, MFTU12, and MFTU21 isolates, which were identified at the species level through a sequence analysis of three genes (, , and ) as with an identical level of 99% based on the results of BLAST and phylogenetic tree analyses. The remaining 22 -like non-pathogenic isolates were identified as species of and . The direct association of with the disease was confirmed via molecular detection in affected tissues in 15 of 21 samples collected for this evaluation. This is the first report of as the causal agent of foliar lesions in O × G hybrid oil palm in Colombia.
PubMed: 38248934
DOI: 10.3390/jof10010024 -
Fungal Biology May 2015Pestalotiopsis-like fungi are an important plant pathogenic genus causing postharvest fruit rot and trunk diseases in grapevine in many countries. Pestalotiopsis-like...
Pestalotiopsis-like fungi are an important plant pathogenic genus causing postharvest fruit rot and trunk diseases in grapevine in many countries. Pestalotiopsis-like fungi diseases were studied in vineyards in nine provinces across China. Multi-gene (ITS, β-tubulin and tef1) analysis coupled with morphology showed that a Neopestalotiopsis sp. and Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola are associated in causing grapevine fruit rot and trunk diseases in China. Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola is reported as the causative agent of grapevine diseases in the world for the first time. Neopestalotiopsis sp. caused significantly longer lesions than the other taxon present. This study represents the first attempt to identify and characterize the Pestalotiopsis-like fungi causing grapevine diseases in China using both morphological and molecular approaches.
Topics: China; Fungal Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases; Tubulin; Vitis; Xylariales
PubMed: 25937063
DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.11.001 -
Phytochemistry Feb 2022Nine undescribed side chain containing azaphilones, pestaphilones A-I, were isolated from the Anoectochilus roxburghii endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis oxyanthi. The...
Nine undescribed side chain containing azaphilones, pestaphilones A-I, were isolated from the Anoectochilus roxburghii endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis oxyanthi. The structures of these isolates were identified by spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and comparisons, quantum-chemical C NMR calculations with DP4+ probability analysis, Rh(OCOCF)-induced ECD, acetonide formation, selective oxidation reaction and X-ray crystallographic data. Structurally, pestaphilones A-I were the first azaphilones characteristically formed via a methyl group at C-9 in the C side chain. More importantly, a selective oxidation reaction was firstly set up to resolve the absolute configuration of flexible side chain containing azaphilones, and an acetonide formation based Rh(OCOCF)-induced ECD experiment was performed to identify the configurations of the oxygenated pyranoquinone core in the azaphilones. In bioassay, pestaphilones A-F displayed potential immunosuppressive activity in concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T lymphocyte proliferation, with IC values ranging from (9.36 ± 1.14) μM to (35.21 ± 3.25) μM.
Topics: Benzopyrans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Pestalotiopsis; Pigments, Biological
PubMed: 34875525
DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113045 -
Plant Disease Sep 2022Euonymus japonicas is widely planted as an important landscape species throughout China. In June 2021, a serious gray blight disease was detected on E. japonicas in...
Euonymus japonicas is widely planted as an important landscape species throughout China. In June 2021, a serious gray blight disease was detected on E. japonicas in Henan Province (32°30'58" N, 112°19'44" E), causing severe defoliation of infected trees with a foliar disease incidence of 52 to 70% (n = 100). Gray spots initially appeared on leaves, gradually expanded into irregular white blotches with dark brown borders, eventually leading to wilting and death of the leaves. The junctions between the lesion and healthy tissue of infected leaves were cut into 3 × 3-mm pieces, surface sterilized with 1% NaClO solution for 1 min, rinsed in sterile water, and placed on PDA plates with 50 μg/ml of streptomycin. Three isolates (HY94, HY95, and HY98) were selected for subsequent experiments. The colonies reached 80-85 mm diam after 7 days at 25°C, with undulated margins, white to pale in color, with moderate aerial mycelium on the surface. Conidiomata were globose, solitary, and dark black. Conidia were ellipsoid, straight to slightly curved, 4-septate, 19 to 26.4 × 5 to 7.5 μm (n=100). The apical cell was cylindrical and hyaline, with 2 to 3 tubular apical appendages, unbranched, filiform, 2.5 to 3.5 μm in length. The basal appendage was single, unbranched, centric, 1.5 to 3 μm long. The characteristics were close to those of Pestalotiopsis spp. (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2013). The genomic DNA was extracted, and the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the β-tubulin gene (TUB), and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF1) were amplified by primers ITS1/ITS4, Bt2a/Bt2b, and EF1-728F/EF1-986R, respectively (Carbone and Kohn, 1999). Sequences were submitted to GenBank with accession numbers OL840327-OL840329(ITS), OL961454-OL961456(TUB), and OL961448-OL961450 (TEF1). BLASTn analyses of ITS, TUB, and TEF1 sequences exhibited 99.46, 99.05, and 96.53% similarity to the sequences of Pestalotiopsis disseminata strain MEAN1166 (ITS, 548/551 bp; MT374688) (Silva et al. 2020), PSH2000I-066 (TUB, 418/422 bp; DQ333575), and TAP29O082 (TEF1, 250/259 bp; AB453850), respectively in GenBank. The three isolates formed a clade with the type strains, MEAN 1166 and MAFF238347 of P. disseminata in phylogenetic trees, being clearly seperated from other Pestalotiopsis spp. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, the pathogen was identified as P. disseminata (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2011). To fulfill Koch's postulates, pathogenicity was tested with three isolates. Ten healthy leaves of 5-year-old intact plants were used per isolate and inoculated with mycelial plugs on both nonwounded and wounded leaves. Control leaves were inoculated with agar plugs. The inoculated plants were placed at 28°C in a greenhouse (90% relative humidity). Distinct lesions were observed after 10 days. The pathogen reisolated was identical to that of the original cultures according to phenotype and ITS sequences. The control leaves showed no obvious symptoms. P. disseminata is known to cause disease on several important plants in China, such as Camellia japonica (Zhang et al. 2012), Pinus armandii (Hu et al. 2007), and Tripterygium wilfordii (Kumar et al. 2004). This is the first report of gray blight disease caused by P. disseminata on E. japonicas in China and worldwide. The fungal pathogen identification will provide valuable information for prevention and management of gray blight disease associated with E. japonicas.
PubMed: 36096099
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-06-22-1373-PDN