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The Journal of Antibiotics Nov 2019New hydroquinone derivatives bearing a vinyl alkyne, pestalotioquinols A and B, were isolated from a fungal culture broth of Pestalotiopsis microspora. The structures of...
New hydroquinone derivatives bearing a vinyl alkyne, pestalotioquinols A and B, were isolated from a fungal culture broth of Pestalotiopsis microspora. The structures of these novel compounds were determined by interpretation of spectroscopic data (1D/2D NMR, MS, and IR), and the absolute configuration of the stereogenic center of pestalotioquinol A was assigned using the modified Mosher's method. Nerve growth factor-differentiated neuronal PC12 cells were pretreated with pestalotioquinols A and B and removed from the medium, and then treated with a generator of peroxynitrite (ONOO), a reactive nitrogen species, to induce cell death. The cytotoxicity of the treated cells was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase leakage. As a result, 1-3 μM pretreatment of pestalotioquinols A and B rescued neuronal PC12 cells from peroxynitrite-induced cytotoxicity and the protective activity was sustained after removing each compound from the medium. These results demonstrate that pestalotioquinol derivatives are a new class of hydroquinones possessing a vinyl alkyne and exhibiting relatively high neuroprotective effects.
Topics: Animals; Ascomycota; Cell Survival; Hydroquinones; Molecular Structure; Neurons; PC12 Cells; Rats
PubMed: 31341274
DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0213-9 -
Bioorganic Chemistry Jul 2021Four new chromene derivatives, pestalotiochromenoic acids A - D (1, 2, 4, and 5), and two new chromone derivatives, pestalotiochromones A and B (6 and 7), were...
Four new chromene derivatives, pestalotiochromenoic acids A - D (1, 2, 4, and 5), and two new chromone derivatives, pestalotiochromones A and B (6 and 7), were obtained from the marine alga-derived fungus Pestalotiopsis neglecta SCSIO41403, as well as a reported derivate named piperochromenoic acid (3) with its configuration determined for the first time. Their structures were determined by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopic analyses, while the absolute configurations were established by theoretical NMR and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation, including Mo(OAc)-induced ECD experiments. Those chromene and chromone derivatives displayed weak cytotoxicity, but showed obvious liver X receptors (LXRs) modulatory activities, by in vitro tests on the expression of LXRα, LXRβ and theirtarget gene ABCA1, as well as in silico docking analysis. Moreover, the high binding affinities between pestalotiochromone A (6) and LXRα, revealed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with the dissociation equilibrium constant (K) value of 6.2 μM, demonstrated 6 could act as a new potential LXR agonist.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Chromones; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Liver X Receptors; Molecular Structure; Neglecta; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 33932772
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104927 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2020As a result of the capability of fungi to respond to culture conditions, we aimed to explore and compare the antibacterial activity and chemical diversity of two...
As a result of the capability of fungi to respond to culture conditions, we aimed to explore and compare the antibacterial activity and chemical diversity of two endophytic fungi isolated from and cultured under different conditions by the addition of chemical elicitors, changes in the pH, and different incubation temperatures. Seventeen extracts were obtained from both ( to ) and ( to ) and were tested against a panel of pathogenic bacteria. Seven extracts from and four extracts from showed antibacterial activity; while some of these extracts displayed a high-level of selectivity and a broad-spectrum of activity, was the most inhibited microorganism and was selected to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC was determined for extracts (0.11 μg/mL) and (0.56 μg/mL). Three active extracts obtained from were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Quadrupole-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) to explore the chemical diversity and the variations in the composition. This allows us to propose structures for some of the determined molecular formulas, including the previously reported mangiferaelactone (), an antibacterial compound.
PubMed: 32824944
DOI: 10.3390/jof6030140 -
Plant Disease Oct 2019Several -like species cause gray blight disease in tea plants, resulting in severe tea production losses. However, systematic and comprehensive research on the...
Several -like species cause gray blight disease in tea plants, resulting in severe tea production losses. However, systematic and comprehensive research on the diversity, geographical distribution, and pathogenicity of pathogenic species associated with tea plants in China is limited. In this study, 168 -like isolates were obtained from diseased tea plant leaves from 13 primary tea-producing provinces and cities in China. Based on a multilocus (internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1-α, and β-tubulin gene region) phylogenetic analysis coupled with an assessment of conidial characteristics, 20 unclassified isolates, seven species, including two novel ( and ), four known (, , , and ) and one indistinguishable species, and three species, including two known ( and ) and one indistinguishable species, were identified. This study is the first to evaluate on tea plants in China. The geographical distribution and pathogenicity tests showed to be the dominant cause of gray blight of tea plants in China. In vitro antifungal assays demonstrated that theobromine not only derepressed mycelial growth of the 29 representative isolates but also increased their growth. Correlation analysis revealed a linear positive relationship between the mycelial growth rate and pathogenicity ( = 0.0148).
Topics: Ascomycota; Biodiversity; Camellia sinensis; China; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases; Species Specificity; Virulence
PubMed: 31432774
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-02-19-0264-RE -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022It is difficult to treat malignant melanoma because of its high malignancy. New and effective therapies for treating malignant melanoma are urgently needed. Ergosterols...
It is difficult to treat malignant melanoma because of its high malignancy. New and effective therapies for treating malignant melanoma are urgently needed. Ergosterols are known for specific biological activities and have received widespread attention in cancer therapy. Here, , a kind of ergosterol from the secondary metabolites of the marine fungus sp., was extracted, isolated, purified, and further investigated the biological activities against melanoma. experiments, the anti-proliferation effect on tumor cells was detected by MTT and colony formation assay, and the anti-metastatic effect on tumor cells was investigated by wound healing assay and transwell assay. Subcutaneous xenograft models, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry have been used to verify the anti-tumor, toxic, and side effect . Besides, the anti-tumor mechanism of was studied by mRNA sequencing. , could inhibit the proliferation and migration of melanoma cells A375 and B16-F10 in a dose-dependent manner and promote tumor cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. assays confirmed that could suppress melanoma growth by inducing cell apoptosis and reducing cell proliferation, and it did not have any notable toxic effects on normal tissues. may play an anti-melanoma role by upregulating gene expression. These findings suggest that may be a potential for the treatment of melanoma.
PubMed: 36312981
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1008053 -
Journal of Applied Glycoscience 2021The genus are endophytic fungi that have recently been identified as cellulolytic system producers. We herein cloned a gene coding for a xylanase belonging to glycoside...
The genus are endophytic fungi that have recently been identified as cellulolytic system producers. We herein cloned a gene coding for a xylanase belonging to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 10 (Xyn10A) from sp. AN-7, which was isolated from the soil of a mangrove forest. This protein was heterologously expressed by as a host, and its enzymatic properties were characterized. Xyn10A was produced as a glycosylated protein and coincident to theoretical molecular weight (35.3 kDa) after deglycosylation by peptide--glycosidase F. Purified recombinant Xyn10A exhibited maximal activity at pH 6.0 and 50 °C, and activity was maintained at 90 % at pH 5.0 and temperatures lower than 30 °C for 24 h. The substrate specificity of Xyn10A was limited and it hydrolyzed glucuronoxylan and arabinoxylan, but not β-glucan. The final hydrolysis products from birchwood xylan were xylose, xylobiose, and 1,2-α-D-(4--methyl-glucuronyl)-1,4-β-D-xylotriose. The addition of metallic salts (NaCl, KCl, MgCl, and CaCl) activated Xyn10A for xylan degradation, and maximal activation by these divalent cations was approximately 160 % at a concentration of 5 mM. The thermostability of Xyn10A significantly increased in the presence of 50 mM NaCl or 5 mM MgCl. The present results suggest that the presence of metallic salts at a low concentration, similar to brackish water, exerts positive effects on the enzyme activity and thermal stability of Xyn10A.
PubMed: 34354541
DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.JAG-2020_0011 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Black spot needle blight is a serious conifer disease of var. occurring in Northeast China, which is usually caused by the plant pathogenic fungus . From the diseased...
Black spot needle blight is a serious conifer disease of var. occurring in Northeast China, which is usually caused by the plant pathogenic fungus . From the diseased pine needles collected in Honghuaerji, the strain YJ-3 was isolated and identified as the phytopathogen, and its culture characteristics were studied. Then, we generated a highly contiguous 48.36-Mbp genome assembly (N50 = 6.62 Mbp) of the strain YJ-3 by combining the PacBio RS II Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) and Illumina HiSeq X Ten sequencing platforms. The results showed that a total of 13,667 protein-coding genes were predicted and annotated using multiple bioinformatics databases. The genome assembly and annotation resource reported here will be useful for the study of fungal infection mechanisms and pathogen-host interaction.
PubMed: 37233276
DOI: 10.3390/jof9050564 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Tea () is an important crop that is mainly used in the food industry. This study using the metabolome and microbiome investigates the resistance factors of wild tea...
Tea () is an important crop that is mainly used in the food industry. This study using the metabolome and microbiome investigates the resistance factors of wild tea plant resources against tea gray blight disease, which is caused by (Sawada) Steyaert. According to the interaction analysis of tea leaves and pathogenic fungus, the resistance of wild tea plant resource "R1" (Resistance 1) to tea gray blight disease was significantly higher than that of wild tea plant resource "S1" (Susceptibility 1). The difference between "R1" and "S1" in the metabolome was obvious. There were 145 metabolites that significantly changed. The phenolic acids and flavonoids were the major increased categories in "R1," and it included 4-O-glucosyl-sinapate and petunidin-3-o-(6"-o-p-coumaroyl) rutinoside. Six metabolic pathways were significantly enriched, including aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis. In terms of bacteria, there was no significant difference between "S1" and "R1" in the principal component analysis (PCA). was the major bacterial genus in "S1" and "R1." In addition, each of the two resources had its own predominant genus: was a predominant bacterial genus in "S1" and was a predominant bacterial genus in "R1." In terms of fungi, the fungal diversity and the abundance of the two tea plant resource samples could be distinguished clearly. The fungal component of "S1" was more abundant than that of "R1" at the genus level. x was the predominant fungal genus of "S1," and was the predominant fungal genus of "R1." The relative abundance of and were significantly different between "S1" and "R1." was identified as a potential biomarker. They correlated with some metabolites enriched in "S1" or "R1," such as L-arginine and quercetin-3-o-(2"-o-rhamnosyl) rutinoside-7-o-glucoside. Overall, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and could be functional metabolites or microorganisms that contributed to improving the resistance of wild tea plant resources to tea gray blight disease.
PubMed: 35910661
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.907962 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Apr 2020Quorum sensing (QS)-mediated infections cause severe diseases in human beings. The control of infectious diseases by inhibiting QS using antipathogenic drugs is a...
Quorum sensing (QS)-mediated infections cause severe diseases in human beings. The control of infectious diseases by inhibiting QS using antipathogenic drugs is a promising approach as antibiotics are proving inefficient in treating these diseases. Marine fungal ( PPR) extract was found to possess effective antipathogenic characteristics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fungal extract against test pathogen PAO1 was 1,000 μg/ml. Sub-MIC concentrations (250 and 500 μg/ml) of fungal extract reduced QS-regulated virulence phenotypes such as the production of pyocyanin, chitinase, protease, elastase, and staphylolytic activity in PAO1 by 84.15%, 73.15%, 67.37%, 62.37%, and 33.65%, respectively. Moreover, it also reduced the production of exopolysaccharides (74.99%), rhamnolipids (68.01%), and alginate (54.98%), and inhibited the biofilm formation of the bacteria by 90.54%. In silico analysis revealed that the metabolite of PPR binds to the bacterial QS receptor proteins (LasR and RhlR) similar to their respective natural signaling molecules. Cyclo(-Leu-Pro) (CLP) and 4-Hydroxyphenylacetamide (4-HPA) were identified as potent bioactive compounds among the metabolites of PPR using in silico approaches. The MIC values of CLP and 4-HPA against PAO1 were determined as 250 and 125 μg/ml, respectively. All the antivirulence assays were conducted at sub-MIC concentrations of CLP (125 μg/ml) and 4-HPA (62.5 μg/ml), which resulted in marked reduction in all the investigated virulence factors. This was further supported by gene expression studies. The findings suggest that the metabolites of PPR can be employed as promising QS inhibitors that target pathogenic bacteria.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Pestalotiopsis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quorum Sensing; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 31986566
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1907.07030 -
Plant Disease Feb 2021(L.) O. Kuntze, commonly known as tea, is widely cultivated around the world in tropical and subtropical areas. Tea is mainly manufactured using young shoots of tea...
Cryptic Diversity, Molecular Systematics, and Pathogenicity of Genus and Allied Genera Causing Gray Blight Disease of Tea in Taiwan, With a Description of a New Species.
(L.) O. Kuntze, commonly known as tea, is widely cultivated around the world in tropical and subtropical areas. Tea is mainly manufactured using young shoots of tea plants. Therefore, it is essential to control foliar diseases. Gray blight disease is caused by pestalotiopsis-like taxa and is known as one of the most destructive tea diseases. Although several studies have provided the groundwork for the fungal diseases associated with in Taiwan, gray blight disease has not been characterized based on diversity, molecular systematics, or pathogenicity. The goal of this study was to identify and characterize the causative agents of tea gray blight disease. A total of 98 pestalotiopsis-like isolates associated with symptomatic leaves of from major tea fields in Taiwan were investigated. Based on phylogenies of single and concatenated DNA sequences (internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, translation elongation factor 1-α) together with morphology, we resolved most of the pestalotiopsis-like species in this study. The study revealed seven well-classified taxa and seven tentative clades in three genera: , , and . One novel species, , was introduced. Five new records, , , , , and , were introduced for the first time in Taiwan. was the taxon most frequently isolated from in this study. Furthermore, results of pathogenicity assessments exhibited that, with wound inoculation, all assayed isolates in this study were pathogenic on tea leaves. and were identified as the major pathogens associated with gray blight disease of tea in Taiwan. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the diversity, pathogenicity, and characterization of pestalotiopsis-like fungi causing tea gray blight disease in Taiwan.
Topics: Ascomycota; Pestalotiopsis; Plant Diseases; Taiwan; Tea; Virulence
PubMed: 32720884
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-05-20-1134-RE