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Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Feb 1985The levels of total lipids, free fatty acids, cholesterol, and lipase activity were studied in selected tissues of Channa punctatus Bloch during individual and combined...
The levels of total lipids, free fatty acids, cholesterol, and lipase activity were studied in selected tissues of Channa punctatus Bloch during individual and combined exposures of carbaryl and phenthoate. The total lipid levels decreased with elevated levels of free fatty acids and lipase activity during all exposures, suggesting increased lipid hydrolysis to derive energy as an attempt to face the pesticide toxic stress. The cholesterol levels showed an elevated trend. These results were discussed in relation to induced glyconeogenesis and diversion of acetyl-coA to cholesterol synthesis during pesticide treatment. The effect produced by carbaryl + phenthoate treatment remained higher than either of the pesticides alone, suggesting the manifestation of an additive effect.
Topics: Animals; Carbaryl; Drug Synergism; Fishes; Gills; In Vitro Techniques; Insecticides; Lipase; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Muscles; Organothiophosphorus Compounds
PubMed: 3921340
DOI: 10.1016/0147-6513(85)90041-7 -
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination... Nov 2004
Topics: Agriculture; Climate; Environmental Pollutants; Insecticides; Organothiophosphorus Compounds
PubMed: 15669725
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-004-0501-2 -
Degradation of O, O-dimethyl S-[alpha-(carboethoxy)-benzyl] phosphorodithioate (phenthoate) in soil.Archives of Environmental Contamination... 1977The degradation of ring-labeled 14C-phenthoate in a moist sandy loam and silty clay loam soil was studied. Phenthoate degradation was attributed to the action of...
The degradation of ring-labeled 14C-phenthoate in a moist sandy loam and silty clay loam soil was studied. Phenthoate degradation was attributed to the action of extracellular heat-labile soil enzymes which converted to its carbon ester hydrolysis product, phenthoate acid. Thus, rate of phenthoate degradation was greatly retarded in autoclaved soil, but was equally rapid in nonsterile soil under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Degradation was also rapid even at a soil treatment of 100 ppm. Phenthoate acid was extensively degraded to 14CO2 by soil organisms under aerobic conditions, but due to unfavorable factors, degraded only by slow first-order kinetics under anaerobic conditions and at the 100 ppm fortification level under aerobic conditions. Phenthoate and phenthoate acid were confirmed as the principal soil components by isolation and identification by IR and NMR data.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Anaerobiosis; Biodegradation, Environmental; Carbon Dioxide; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Drug Stability; Fires; Insecticides; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Soil; Sterilization; Time Factors
PubMed: 907370
DOI: 10.1007/BF02097745 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... 1983
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Citrus; Insecticides; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pesticide Residues; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 6826909
DOI: 10.1021/jf00115a030 -
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences :... Jun 1988Phenthoate- and carbofuran-containing insecticides are widely used by Indian farmers, thus endangering fish by exposing them to the hazards of a chronic low dose of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Phenthoate- and carbofuran-containing insecticides are widely used by Indian farmers, thus endangering fish by exposing them to the hazards of a chronic low dose of these xenobiotics. Channa punctatus, cultivated under paddy-cum-fish culture programs, was treated with 176 ppb phenthoate, 333 ppb carbofuran, or a mixture of 88 ppb phenthoate plus 250 ppb carbofuran for 15 days. The rate of mortality was 10% in all treatments. These xenobiotics caused significant inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase concomitant with low kidney iodide peroxidase activity and depressed blood thyroxine levels. It is surmised that phenthoate and carbofuran compounds are capable of significantly influencing the hormonal status of fish which is mediated via their target action on the nervous system.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Brain; Carbofuran; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Combinations; Fishes; India; Insecticides; Iodide Peroxidase; Kidney; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Radioimmunoassay; Spectrophotometry; Thyroxine
PubMed: 3268109
DOI: No ID Found -
Legal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) May 2006We investigated the stability of 14 organophosphorus insecticides: dichlorvos, fenitrothion, cyanophos, malathion, phenthoate, methidathion, dimethoate, thiometon,...
We investigated the stability of 14 organophosphorus insecticides: dichlorvos, fenitrothion, cyanophos, malathion, phenthoate, methidathion, dimethoate, thiometon, isoxathion, diazinon, trichlorfon, EPN, acephate and sulprofos, in fresh blood. The organophosphorus compounds, except for sulprofos, decomposed over time at 37 degrees C, with varying decomposition speed for each compound. Methyl phosphate types (dichlorvos) decomposed most rapidly, followed by methyl thiophosphate types (fenitrothion and cyanophos) and methyl dithiophosphate types (methidathion, dimethoate and thiometon). Methyl thiophosphate types decomposed faster than ethyl thiophosphate types (isoxathion and diazinon). Of the five methyl dithiophosphate type insecticides (malathion, phenthoate, methidathion, dimethoate and thiometon), the compounds with a carboxylic ester bond (malathion and phenthoate) decomposed faster than the others. Compounds left standing at 37 degrees C decomposed faster than those left standing at 4 degrees C. Temperature has a great effect on the decomposition of organophosphorus insecticides in blood. However, the order of the decomposition speeds of each compound was approximately the same at different temperatures. In cases of suspected organophosphate poisoning, it should be considered that the blood concentration of the compound might decrease during the postmortem interval.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Forensic Medicine; Humans; Insecticides; Organophosphorus Compounds; Specimen Handling; Temperature
PubMed: 16517205
DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2005.12.003 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Feb 1989Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and accumulation of acetylcholine were observed in tissues of fish, Channa punctatus, during carbaryl and/or phenthoate...
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and accumulation of acetylcholine were observed in tissues of fish, Channa punctatus, during carbaryl and/or phenthoate toxicity. Carbaryl in combination with phenthoate exerted synergism on the AChE system during their interaction.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Carbaryl; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Fishes; Insecticides; Organothiophosphorus Compounds
PubMed: 2496969
DOI: 10.1016/0147-6513(89)90003-1 -
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination... May 1984
Topics: Animals; Fishes; Florida; Fresh Water; Insecticides; Mortality; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oxygen; Water; Water Pollutants; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 6733305
DOI: 10.1007/BF01607542 -
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination... Aug 2007
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Insecticides; Molecular Structure; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 17510729
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-007-9099-5 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... 1977
Topics: Citrus; Insecticides; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Pesticide Residues; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 838975
DOI: 10.1021/jf60210a034