Did you mean: planococcoceae
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Frontiers in Microbiology 2019The family / is a taxonomically heterogeneous assemblage of >100 species classified within 13 genera, many of which are polyphyletic. Exhibiting considerable...
The family / is a taxonomically heterogeneous assemblage of >100 species classified within 13 genera, many of which are polyphyletic. Exhibiting considerable phylogenetic overlap with other families, primarily , the evolutionary history of this family, containing the potent mosquitocidal species , remains incoherent. To develop a reliable phylogenetic and taxonomic framework for the family / and its genera, we report comprehensive phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses on 124 genome sequences from all available / and representative species. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on multiple datasets of proteins including 819 core proteins for this group and 87 conserved proteins. Using the core proteins, pairwise average amino acid identity was also determined. In parallel, comparative analyses on protein sequences from these species have identified 92 unique molecular markers (synapomorphies) consisting of conserved signature indels that are specifically shared by either the entire family / or different monophyletic clades present within this family, enabling their reliable demarcation in molecular terms. Based on multiple lines of investigations, 18 monophyletic clades can be reliably distinguished within the family / based on their phylogenetic affinities and identified molecular signatures. Some of these clades are comprised of species from several polyphyletic genera within this family as well as other families. Based on our results, we are proposing the creation of three novel genera within the family /, namely gen. nov., gen. nov., and gen. nov., as well as the transfer of 25 misclassified species from the families / and into these three genera and in , , , and genera. These amendments establish a coherent taxonomy and evolutionary history for the family /, and the described molecular markers provide novel means for diagnostic, genetic, and biochemical studies. Lastly, we are also proposing a consolidation of the family within the emended family .
PubMed: 32010063
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02821 -
Sub-cellular Biochemistry 2021Thermostability is a key factor in the industrial and clinical application of enzymes, and understanding mechanisms of thermostability is valuable for molecular biology... (Review)
Review
Thermostability is a key factor in the industrial and clinical application of enzymes, and understanding mechanisms of thermostability is valuable for molecular biology and enzyme engineering. In this chapter, we focus on the thermostability of leucine dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.4.1.9), an amino acid-metabolizing enzyme that is an NAD-dependent oxidoreductase which catalyzes the deamination of branched-chain l-amino acids (BCAAs). LDH from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (GstLDH) is a highly thermostable enzyme that has already been applied to quantify the concentration of BCAAs in biological specimens. However, the molecular mechanism of its thermostability had been unknown because no high-resolution structure was available. Here, we discuss the thermostability of GstLDH on the basis of its structure determined by cryo-electron microscopy. Sequence comparison with other structurally characterized LDHs (from Lysinibacillus sphaericus and Sporosarcina psychrophila) indicated that non-conserved residues in GstLDH, including Ala94, Tyr127, and the C-terminal region, are crucial for oligomeric stability through intermolecular interactions between protomers. Furthermore, NAD binding to GstLDH increased the thermostability of the enzyme as additional intermolecular interactions formed on cofactor binding. This knowledge is important for further applications and development of amino acid metabolizing enzymes in industrial and clinical fields.
Topics: Bacillaceae; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Enzyme Stability; Geobacillus stearothermophilus; Leucine Dehydrogenase; Sporosarcina
PubMed: 33252736
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58971-4_10 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Apr 2020
Erratum: When treated as heterotypic synonyms the names Peshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) and Peshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) have priority over the names Krasil'nikov 1949 (Approved Lists 1980) and Prévot 1953 (Approved Lists 1980) and Prévot 1953 (Approved Lists 1980), respectively.
PubMed: 32559832
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004079 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Aug 2019The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes provides rules that govern the way names are to be selected based on priority of valid publication when two or more...
When treated as heterotypic synonyms the names Caryophanaceae Peshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) and Caryophanales Peshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) have priority over the names Planococcaceae Krasil'nikov 1949 (Approved Lists 1980) and Bacillales Prévot 1953 (Approved Lists 1980), respectively.
The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes provides rules that govern the way names are to be selected based on priority of valid publication when two or more alternatives (synonyms) are available. However, these rules are not always followed. In the case of the name CaryophanaceaePeshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980), when its nomenclatural type CaryophanonPeshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) is placed in the same taxon as PlanococcusMigula 1894 (Approved Lists 1980), the nomenclatural type of PlanococcaceaeKrasil'nikov 1949 (Approved Lists 1980), then the two are considered to be heterotypic synonyms and the name which has priority is CaryophanaceaePeshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980). Similarly in the case of the name CaryophanalesPeshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) when its nomenclatural type CaryophanonPeshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) is placed in the same taxon as Bacillus Cohn 1872 (Approved Lists 1980), the nomenclatural type of BacillalesPrévot 1953 (Approved Lists 1980), then the two are considered to be heterotypic synonyms and the name which has priority is CaryophanalesPeshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) While the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes are unambiguous in determining the correct names despite the fact that the names CaryophanaceaePeshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) and CaryophanalesPeshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) are rarely used.
Topics: Bacillales; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 30896383
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003354 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Aug 2011A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, yellow, non-motile, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated MW 10(T), was isolated from seawater of the Bay...
A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, yellow, non-motile, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated MW 10(T), was isolated from seawater of the Bay of Bengal, India, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain MW 10(T) showed highest similarity to the type strains of Psychrobacillus psychrodurans (96.15 %) and Psychrobacillus psychrotolerans (96.01 %) and showed less than 96 % similarity to members of the genera Paenisporosarcina, Planococcus, Sporosarcina and Planomicrobium. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain MW 10(T) formed a clade separate from members of closely related genera. The morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain MW 10(T) differed from those of members of closely related genera. The major fatty acid in strain MW 10(T) was iso-C(15 : 0) and the menaquinones were MK-7 (48.4 %), MK-8 (32.3 %), MK-7(H(2)) (13.7 %) and MK-6 (5.6 %). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown lipid and an unknown glycolipid. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was l-Lys-d-Asp. The genomic DNA G+C content (53.4 mol%) of strain MW 10(T) was significantly different from those of members of closely related genera. On the basis of its morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as our phylogenetic analysis, we conclude that strain MW 10(T) is a member of a novel genus and species, for which the name Chryseomicrobium imtechense gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Chryseomicrobium imtechense is MW 10(T) ( = MTCC 10098(T) = JCM 16573(T)).
Topics: DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater
PubMed: 20833890
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.023184-0 -
Archives of Microbiology Jul 20222,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a nitro-aromatic explosive commonly used for defense and several non-violent applications is contributing to serious environmental pollution...
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a nitro-aromatic explosive commonly used for defense and several non-violent applications is contributing to serious environmental pollution problems including human health. The current study investigated the remediation potential of a native soil isolate, i.e., Indiicoccus explosivorum (strain S5-TSA-19) isolated from collected samples of an explosive manufacturing site, against TNT. The survivability of I. explosivorum against explosives is indirectly justified through its isolation; thus, it is being chosen for further study. At a TNT concentration of 120 mg/L within an optimized environment (i.e., at 30 °C and 120 rpm), the isolate was continually incubated for 30 days in a minimal salt medium (MSM). The proliferation of the isolate and the concentration of TNT, nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium ion were evaluated at a particular time during the experiment. Within 168 h (i.e., 7 days) of incubation, I. explosivorum co-metabolically degraded 100% TNT. The biodegradation procedure succeeded the first-order kinetics mechanism. Formations of additional metabolites like 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2-DANT), and 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT), were also witnessed. TNT seems to be non-toxic for the isolate, as it reproduced admirably in TNT presence. To date, it is the first report of Indiicoccus explosivorum, efficiently bio-remediating TNT, i.e., a nitro-aromatic compound via different degradation pathways, leading to the production of simpler as well as less harmful end products. Further, at the field-scale application, Indiicoccus explosivorum may be explored for the bioremediation of TNT (i.e., a nitro-aromatic compound)-contaminated effluents.
Topics: Humans; Biodegradation, Environmental; Kinetics; Planococcaceae; Trinitrotoluene
PubMed: 35778571
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03057-8 -
Environmental Microbiology Dec 2021Exposure to a diverse microbial environment during pregnancy and early postnatal period is important in determining predisposition towards allergy. However, the effect...
Exposure to a diverse microbial environment during pregnancy and early postnatal period is important in determining predisposition towards allergy. However, the effect of environmental microbiota exposure during preconception, pregnancy and postnatal life on development of allergy in the child has not been investigated so far. In the S-PRESTO (Singapore PREconception Study of long Term maternal and child Outcomes) cohort, we collected house dust during all three critical window periods and analysed microbial composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. At 6 and 18 months, the child was assessed for eczema by clinicians. In the eczema group, household environmental microbiota was characterized by presence of human-associated bacteria Actinomyces, Anaerococcus, Finegoldia, Micrococcus, Prevotella and Propionibacterium at all time points, suggesting their possible contributions to regulating host immunity and increasing the susceptibility to eczema. In the home environment of the control group, putative protective effect of an environmental microbe Planomicrobium (Planococcaceae family) was observed to be significantly higher than that in the eczema group. Network correlation analysis demonstrated inverse relationships between beneficial Planomicrobium and human-associated bacteria (Actinomyces, Anaerococcus, Finegoldia, Micrococcus, Prevotella and Propionibacterium). Exposure to natural environmental microbiota may be beneficial to modulate shed human-associated microbiota in an indoor environment.
Topics: Bacteria; Child; Cohort Studies; Eczema; Female; Humans; Microbiota; Pregnancy; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34309161
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15684 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Aug 2023Current production of traditional concrete requires enormous energy investment that accounts for approximately 5 to 8% of the world's annual CO production. Biocement is... (Review)
Review
Current production of traditional concrete requires enormous energy investment that accounts for approximately 5 to 8% of the world's annual CO production. Biocement is a building material that is already in industrial use and has the potential to rival traditional concrete as a more convenient and more environmentally friendly alternative. Biocement relies on biological structures (enzymes, cells, and/or cellular superstructures) to mineralize and bind particles in aggregate materials (e.g., sand and soil particles). Sporosarcina pasteurii is a workhorse organism for biocementation, but most research to date has focused on as a building material rather than a biological system. In this review, we synthesize available materials science, microbiology, biochemistry, and cell biology evidence regarding biological CaCO precipitation and the role of microbes in microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) with a focus on . Based on the available information, we provide a model that describes the molecular and cellular processes involved in converting feedstock material (urea and Ca) into cement. The model provides a foundational framework that we use to highlight particular targets for researchers as they proceed into optimizing the biology of MICP for biocement production.
Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Calcium Carbonate; Chemical Precipitation; Conservation of Energy Resources; Industrial Microbiology; Sporosarcina; Urea
PubMed: 37439668
DOI: 10.1128/aem.01794-22 -
Marine Drugs Mar 2014Marine bacteria have not been examined as extensively as land bacteria. We screened carotenoids from orange or red pigments-producing marine bacteria belonging to rare... (Review)
Review
Marine bacteria have not been examined as extensively as land bacteria. We screened carotenoids from orange or red pigments-producing marine bacteria belonging to rare or novel species. The new acyclic carotenoids with a C₃₀ aglycone, diapolycopenedioc acid xylosylesters A-C and methyl 5-glucosyl-5,6-dihydro-apo-4,4'-lycopenoate, were isolated from the novel Gram-negative bacterium Rubritalea squalenifaciens, which belongs to phylum Verrucomicrobia, as well as the low-GC Gram-positive bacterium Planococcus maritimus strain iso-3 belonging to the class Bacilli, phylum Firmicutes, respectively. The rare monocyclic C₄₀ carotenoids, (3R)-saproxanthin and (3R,2'S)-myxol, were isolated from novel species of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes. In this review, we report the structures and antioxidant activities of these carotenoids, and consider relationships between bacterial phyla and carotenoid structures.
Topics: Antioxidants; Bacteria; Carotenoids; Geologic Sediments; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Planococcus Bacteria; Seawater; Sunlight; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 24663119
DOI: 10.3390/md12031690 -
Journal of Biological Inorganic... Sep 2020This review is an attempt to retrace the chronicle that starts from the discovery of the role of nickel as the essential metal ion in urease for the enzymatic catalysis... (Review)
Review
This review is an attempt to retrace the chronicle that starts from the discovery of the role of nickel as the essential metal ion in urease for the enzymatic catalysis of urea, a key step in the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen on Earth, to the most recent progress in understanding the chemistry of this historical enzyme. Data and facts are presented through the magnifying lenses of the authors, using their best judgment to filter and elaborate on the many facets of the research carried out on this metalloenzyme over the years. The tale is divided in chapters that discuss and describe the results obtained in the subsequent leaps in the knowledge that led from the discovery of a biological role for Ni to the most recent advancements in the comprehension of the relationship between the structure and function of urease. This review is intended not only to focus on the bioinorganic chemistry of this beautiful metal-based catalysis, but also, and maybe primarily, to evoke inspiration and motivation to further explore the realm of bio-based coordination chemistry.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Crystallography, X-Ray; Enterobacter aerogenes; Helicobacter pylori; Nickel; Protein Conformation; Signal Transduction; Sporosarcina; Structure-Activity Relationship; Urease
PubMed: 32809087
DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01808-w