-
Biomaterials Science May 2023The aim of this work was to develop a filtering biocidal polypropylene (PP) nonwoven textile structure to block and inactivate airborne bacteria and viruses. PP filters...
The aim of this work was to develop a filtering biocidal polypropylene (PP) nonwoven textile structure to block and inactivate airborne bacteria and viruses. PP filters were functionalized with a cyclodextrin (CD)-polycarboxylic acid-crosslinked polymer (PP-CD) through a pad/dry/curing process, and were then activated by padding in an alkyl dimethyl benzalkonium chloride (ADBAC) solution. The textile finishing process parameters were optimized with the perspective of mass production, considering the threshold temperature necessary for provoking crosslinking and the limitation of the low thermal stability of PP. The use of an aqueous solution containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), ammonium hypophosphite (AH), and a surfactant allowed immobilization of the optimal quantity of cyclodextrin polymer under curing for 5 minutes at 125 °C without affecting the nonwoven PP structure. The presence of CD drastically increased the sorption of ADBAC on the textiles. There was leaching of ADBAC at the first rinsing and then satisfactory fastness at the second and third rinsings, revealing adsorption mechanisms by weak physical interactions, ionic interactions, and inclusion of ADBAC inside the CD cavities. SEM revealed no clogging of the nonwoven pores, nor any increase in the air flow resistance, as evaluated by pressure drop measurements. The filtration efficiency of particulate matter PM and PM was moderately affected, in contrast to that of PM, which greatly decreased due to the loss of the electrostatic charge of the filter upon the functionalization process. Bactericidal tests resulted in a reduction of 3 log against , and for virucidal tests on human coronavirus HCoV-229E, there was a reduction of 3.4 log, with both strains undergoing 20 minutes of contact. Finally, the filter we developed is manufacturable by a scalable process, and because of its filtration and biocidal performances, it is a choice material as a self-disinfecting layer in the fabrication of facepiece respirators.
Topics: Humans; Polypropylenes; Antiviral Agents; Masks; Filtration; Textiles
PubMed: 36988417
DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01988d -
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering Jun 2023Smart polypropylene (PP) hernia meshes were proposed to detect surgical infections and to regulate cell attachment-modulated properties. For this purpose, lightweight...
Smart polypropylene (PP) hernia meshes were proposed to detect surgical infections and to regulate cell attachment-modulated properties. For this purpose, lightweight and midweight meshes were modified by applying a plasma treatment for subsequent grafting of a thermosensitive hydrogel, poly(-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm). However, both the physical treatment with plasma and the chemical processes required for the covalent incorporation of PNIPAAm can modify the mechanical properties of the mesh and thus have an influence in hernia repair procedures. In this work, the mechanical performance of plasma-treated and hydrogel-grafted meshes preheated at 37 °C has been compared with standard meshes using bursting and the suture pull out tests. Furthermore, the influence of the mesh architecture, the amount of grafted hydrogel, and the sterilization process on such properties have been examined. Results reveal that although the plasma treatment reduces the bursting and suture pull out forces, the thermosensitive hydrogel improves the mechanical resistance of the meshes. Moreover, the mechanical performance of the meshes coated with the PNIPAAm hydrogel is not influenced by ethylene oxide gas sterilization. Micrographs of the broken meshes evidence the role of the hydrogel as reinforcing coating for the PP filaments. Overall, results confirm that the modification of PP medical textiles with a biocompatible thermosensitive hydrogel do not affect, and even improve, the mechanical requirements necessary for the implantation of these prostheses in vivo.
Topics: Polypropylenes; Surgical Mesh; Sterilization; Prostheses and Implants; Hydrogels
PubMed: 37232093
DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00311 -
Tissue & Cell Jun 2017The purpose of study was to develop bioengineered scaffolds by seeding primary mouse embryo fibroblast cells (p-MEF) on polypropylene mesh and to test its efficacy for...
PURPOSE
The purpose of study was to develop bioengineered scaffolds by seeding primary mouse embryo fibroblast cells (p-MEF) on polypropylene mesh and to test its efficacy for the repair of abdominal wall defects in rats.
METHODS
The study was conducted on 18 clinically healthy adult Wistar rats of either sex. The animals were randomly divided into two equal groups having nine animals in each group. In both the groups a 20mm×20mm size full thickness muscle defect was created under xylazine and ketamine anesthesia in the mid-ventral abdominal wall. In group I the defect was repaired with polypropylene mesh alone and in group II it was repaired with p-MEF seeded polypropylene mesh. Matrices were implanted by synthetic absorbable suture material (polyglycolic acid) in continuous suture pattern. The efficacy of the bio-engineered matrices in the reconstruction of full thickness abdominal wall defects was evaluated on the basis of macro and histopathological observations.
RESULTS
Macroscopic observations revealed that adhesions with skin and abdominal viscera were minimum in group II as compared to group I. Histopathological observations confirmed better fibroplasia and collagen fiber arrangement in group II. No recurrence of hernia was found in both the groups.
CONCLUSION
Hernias are effectively repaired by implanting polypropylene mesh. However, this work demonstrates that in vitro seeding of mesh with fibroblasts resulted in earlier subsidization of pain, angiogenesis and deposition of collagen, increased thickness of matrices with lesser adhesions with underlying viscera. On the basis of the results p-MEF seeded mesh was better than non-seeded mesh for repair of abdominal wall defects in rats.
Topics: Abdominal Wall; Animals; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Fibroblasts; Heterografts; Male; Mice; Polypropylenes; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Surgical Mesh
PubMed: 28442143
DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.04.004 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Mar 2024Enzymatic degradation of plastic is an effective means of plastic recycling and pollution control. However, the strong chemical inertness of polypropylene plastic (PP)...
Enzymatic degradation of plastic is an effective means of plastic recycling and pollution control. However, the strong chemical inertness of polypropylene plastic (PP) severely impedes its oxidative cleavage, making it resistant to degradation. In this study, based on sequence screening of Hidden Markov Model (HMM), a dioxygenase (HIS1) was identified and characterized to be effective in PP oxidation. Various kinds of PP products, including plastic films, microplastics, and disposable water cups or bags, were HIS1-degraded with cracks and holes on the surface. The hydrophobic binding was the primary force driving oxidative degradation in the specific cavity of HIS1. The discovery of HIS1 achieved a zero breakthrough in PP biodegradation, providing a promising candidate for the selection and evolution of degrading enzymes.
Topics: Polypropylenes; Plastics; Oxygenases; Microplastics; Biodegradation, Environmental; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 38061126
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133173 -
Food Chemistry Jul 2021A ligand film with citric acid (CA) on the surface as a biochelator was prepared via photografting. Polypropylene film was photochemically brushed by immobilizing...
A ligand film with citric acid (CA) on the surface as a biochelator was prepared via photografting. Polypropylene film was photochemically brushed by immobilizing glycidyl methacrylate onto the film surface (PP-g-GMA) in the presence of benzophenone. The ligand film (PP-g-GMA-g-CA) was developed via a ring-opening reaction between PP-g-GMA and CA. The chemical structure was examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Microstructure and grafting morphology were observed using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and brushed-like configuration and porous surface morphology were described. A large amount of carboxylic acid (215 ± 11 nm) was detected on the surface of PP-g-GMA-g-CA and afforded chelation of Fe (215 ± 11 nm). This ligand film exhibited chelating activity in vitamin C and virgin olive oil (p < 0.05), which extended the shelf-life of these foods. Moreover, overall migration analysis demonstrated that it can be considered as a non-migratory antioxidant.
Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Chelating Agents; Epoxy Compounds; Methacrylates; Photochemical Processes; Polypropylenes
PubMed: 33647698
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129362 -
International Journal of Biological... Dec 2023Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was used as a compatibilizer and blended with polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) resin to prepare a series of...
Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was used as a compatibilizer and blended with polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) resin to prepare a series of PLA/PPC/ESO blends with varying compositions. The influence of the variation in the amount of ESO added to the blend system on the thermal properties, optical properties, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and microscopic morphology of the blends was studied. The research indicates that ESO can react with PLA and PPC to form a chemical bond interface, which improves the compatibility of PLA and PPC to a certain extent. With the increase in the amount of ESO added to the blend (1- 5 phr), the complete decomposition temperature, storage modulus, loss modulus, complex viscosity, notched impact strength, and elongation at break of the blend all show a trend of continuous increase. At the same time, the melt flow rate, light transmittance, and tensile strength of the blend do not show significant fluctuations. When the amount of ESO in the system is 5 phr, compared with the PLA/PPC blend, the notched impact strength and elongation at break of the PLA/PPC/ESO blend increase from 4270.3 J/m, 43.89 % to 8560.4 J/m, 211.28 %, respectively, and its tensile strength and transmittance still remain around 63 MPa, 92 %. This improves the toughness of the blend while maintaining its rigidity, demonstrating excellent mechanical and optical properties. At this time, the microscopic morphology of the fracture surface of the impact sample also shows obvious characteristics of tough fracture. However, when the amount of ESO added to the blend is excessive (6 phr), the compatibility of the blending system decreases, which will degrade the performance of the blending material and ultimately destroy the phase morphology of the blend and reduce its mechanical properties.
Topics: Soybean Oil; Polyesters; Polypropylenes
PubMed: 37832613
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127407 -
Journal of Biomedical Materials... May 2023Titanium-coated polypropylene (Ti-PP) mesh was introduced in 2002 as a surgical mesh for the treatment of hernias and shortly after for pelvic floor surgery, with the...
Titanium-coated polypropylene (Ti-PP) mesh was introduced in 2002 as a surgical mesh for the treatment of hernias and shortly after for pelvic floor surgery, with the aim of improving biocompatibility when compared to non-titanised/regular PP mesh implants. The application of a titanium coating could also be beneficial to address concerns regarding the exposure of PP in an in vivo environment. Many studies have shown that PP, although it is widely accepted as a stable polymer, is subject to oxidation and degradation, such degradation affects the mechanical behavior, that is, the stiffness and tensile strength of PP mesh. Despite the wide clinical use of Ti-PP surgical meshes, no study has yet investigated the residual material properties post clinical deployment and subsequent explantation. In this study, two explanted Ti-PP mesh samples each having different incorporation durations from two patients were examined. Material analysis conducted within this study includes the following techniques: attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, low voltage - scanning electron microscopy (LV-SEM), backscattered electron (BSE) imaging, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and secondary election hyperspectral imaging (SEHI). The hypothesis of this study is that the Ti coating successfully shields the PP mesh from oxidative stress in vivo and thus protects it from degradation. The results of this analysis show for the first time evidence of bulk oxidation, surface degradation, and environmental stress cracking on explanted Ti-PP meshes.
Topics: Humans; Biocompatible Materials; Surgical Mesh; Materials Testing; Polypropylenes; Titanium
PubMed: 36610021
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35221 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2022Wood fiber/polypropylene (WF/PP) composites are environmentally friendly materials with high dimensional stability and mechanical properties. However, the applications...
Wood fiber/polypropylene (WF/PP) composites are environmentally friendly materials with high dimensional stability and mechanical properties. However, the applications of WF/PP composites are limited by an unattractive surface texture. In this study, the WF/PP composites were decorated with poplar wood veneer using chlorinated polypropylene (CPP) as a hot melt adhesive, the bonding strength is over 1.18 MPa. Surface bonding strength tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to analyze the quality of the CPP bonding layer. The physical and mechanical properties of the veneered WF/PP boards and unveneered controls were examined to determine the effects of reinforcement. The result shows that after veneered the tension strength and modulus of the whole composite board were increased over 30% and 10%; the flexural strength and modulus were increased over 10% and 20%. Low-velocity impact testing was performed to determine the impact resistance properties of the composites. Higher ratios of wood fiber in the WF/PP composite led to a higher surface bonding strength, which was evident in the SEM images. Wood veneer decoration increased the mechanical strength of the whole composite board. A tighter bond along the CPP layer would provide additional reinforcement of the veneered composite's mechanical properties.
Topics: Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Polypropylenes; Populus; Wood
PubMed: 35977982
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17777-w -
Journal of Materials Chemistry. B May 2022The hydrophobicity and inertness of the polypropylene (PP) material surface usually lead to serious biofouling and bacterial infections, which hamper its potential...
The hydrophobicity and inertness of the polypropylene (PP) material surface usually lead to serious biofouling and bacterial infections, which hamper its potential application as a biomedical polymer. Many strategies have been developed to improve its antifouling or antibacterial properties, yet designing a surface to achieve both antifouling and antibacterial performances simultaneously remains a challenge. Herein, we construct a dual-function micropatterned PP surface with antifouling and antibacterial properties through plasma activation, photomask technology and ultraviolet light-induced graft polymerization. Based on the antifouling agent poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate choline) (PMPC) and the antibacterial agent quaternized poly(,-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (QPDMAEMA), two different micropatterning structures have been successfully prepared: PP-PMPC-QPDMAEMA in which QPDMAEMA is the micropattern and PMPC is the coating polymer, and PP-QPDMAEMA-PMPC in which PMPC is the micropattern and QPDMAEMA is the coating polymer. The composition, elemental distribution and surface morphology of PP-PMPC-QPDMAEMA and PP-QPDMAEMA-PMPC have been thoroughly characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Compared with pristine PP, the two types of micropatterned PP films exhibit good surface hydrophilicity as characterized by water contact angle measurements. The results of anti-protein adsorption, platelet adhesion and antibacterial evaluation showed that PP-PMPC-QPDMAEMA and PP-QPDMAEMA-PMPC had good anti-protein adsorption properties, especially for lysozyme (Lyz). They can effectively prevent platelet adhesion, and the anti-platelet adhesion performance of PP-QPDMAEMA-PMPC is slightly better than that of the PP-PMPC-QPDMAEMA sample. The sterilization rate of and is as high as 95% for the two types of micropatterned PP films. Due to the rational design of micropatterns on the PP surface, the two classes of dual-functional PP materials realize both the resistance of protein and platelet adhesion, and the killing of bacteria at the same time. We anticipate that this work could provide a design strategy for the construction of multifunctional biomedical polymer materials.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biocompatible Materials; Biofouling; Escherichia coli; Polymers; Polypropylenes; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 35467687
DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02778f -
Chemosphere Dec 2023Weathering-induced polymer degradation is typically heterogeneous which plays an integral part in fragmentation. Despite that, the current selection of techniques to...
Weathering-induced polymer degradation is typically heterogeneous which plays an integral part in fragmentation. Despite that, the current selection of techniques to investigate such heterogeneities, especially beneath the sample surface, is sparse. We introduce Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) as an analytical tool and evaluate its performance for depth profiling. Three types of polymers were selected (polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene) that were aged under controlled conditions. We demonstrate that LIBS can detect heterogeneous oxidation on the surface and inside the samples. The results reveal that different oxidation behaviors are linked to the sample's lattice structure and the subsequent formation of microcracks. This implies that LIBS is beneficial to give additional insights into the weathering and degradation behavior of environmentally relevant plastics.
Topics: Polypropylenes; Polystyrenes; Polyethylene; Plastics; Polymers; Spectrum Analysis; Lasers
PubMed: 37714488
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140105