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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021Advanced organic-inorganic materials-composites, nanocomposites, and hybrids with various compositions offer unique properties required for biomedical applications. One... (Review)
Review
Advanced organic-inorganic materials-composites, nanocomposites, and hybrids with various compositions offer unique properties required for biomedical applications. One of the most promising inorganic (nano)additives are polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS); their biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and phase separation ability that modifies the material porosity are fundamental properties required in modern biomedical applications. When incorporated, chemically or physically, into polyurethane matrices, they substantially change polymer properties, including mechanical properties, surface characteristics, and bioactivity. Hence, this review is dedicated to POSS-PU composites that have recently been developed for applications in the biomedical field. First, different modes of POSS incorporation into PU structure have been presented, then recent developments of PU/POSS hybrids as bio-active composites for scaffolds, cardiovascular stents, valves, and membranes, as well as in bio-imaging and cancer treatment, have been described. Finally, characterization and methods of modification routes of polyurethane-based materials with silsesquioxanes were presented.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Biocompatible Materials; Biotechnology; Drug Development; Molecular Structure; Nanocomposites; Organosilicon Compounds; Polymerization; Polyurethanes
PubMed: 35011280
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010040 -
Journal of Controlled Release :... Nov 2023Polyurethanes are a versatile and highly tunable class of materials that possess unique properties including high tensile strength, abrasion and fatigue resistance, and... (Review)
Review
Polyurethanes are a versatile and highly tunable class of materials that possess unique properties including high tensile strength, abrasion and fatigue resistance, and flexibility at low temperatures. The tunability of polyurethane properties has allowed this class of polymers to become ubiquitous in our daily lives in fields as diverse as apparel, appliances, construction, and the automotive industry. Additionally, polyurethanes with excellent biocompatibility and hemocompatibility can be synthesized, enabling their use as biomaterials in the medical field. The tunable nature of polyurethane biomaterials also makes them excellent candidates as drug delivery vehicles, which is the focus of this review. The fundamental idea we aim to highlight in this article is the structure-property-function relationships found in polyurethane systems. Specifically, the chemical structure of the polymer determines its macroscopic properties and dictates the functions for which it will perform well. By exploring the structure-property-function relationships for polyurethanes, we aim to elucidate the fundamental properties that can be tailored to achieve controlled drug release and empower researchers to design new polyurethane systems for future drug delivery applications.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Polyurethanes; Drug Delivery Systems; Polymers
PubMed: 37734672
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.036 -
Regenerative Medicine Jul 2018Disc herniation is a spine disease that leads to suffering and disability. Discectomy is a Janus-faced approach that relieves pain symptoms but leave the intervertebral... (Review)
Review
AIM
Disc herniation is a spine disease that leads to suffering and disability. Discectomy is a Janus-faced approach that relieves pain symptoms but leave the intervertebral discs predisposed to herniation. This systematic review discussed the mechanical and biological requirements for a polyurethane-based biomaterial to be used in annular repair.
METHODS
Search strategy was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases to define the main mechanical properties, biological findings and follow-up aspects of these biomaterials. The range was limited to articles published from January 2000 to December 2017 in English language.
RESULTS
The search identified 82 articles. From these, a total of 18 articles underwent a full-text analysis, and 16 studies were included in the review.
CONCLUSION
The polyurethane presents suitable properties to be used as an engineered solution to re-establish the microenvironment and biomechanical features of the intervertebral disc.
Topics: Animals; Annulus Fibrosus; Humans; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Polyurethanes; Regeneration
PubMed: 30132392
DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0003 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Jun 2013Polyurethanes (PUs) are formed by a reaction between isocyanates and diols to yield polymers with urethane bonds (-NH-COO-) in their main chain. A great variety of... (Review)
Review
Polyurethanes (PUs) are formed by a reaction between isocyanates and diols to yield polymers with urethane bonds (-NH-COO-) in their main chain. A great variety of building blocks is commercially available that allows the chemical and physical properties of PUs to be tailored to their target applications, particularly for the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. This article reviews the synthesis and characterization of PUs and PU-copolymers, as well as their in vitro and in vivo biodegradability and biocompatibility. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of PUs for the controlled release of drugs and for the (targeted) delivery of biotherapeutics.
Topics: Animals; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Polyurethanes
PubMed: 23632262
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.063 -
Macromolecular Bioscience May 2019Cardiovascular diseases are a severe threat to human health. Implantation of small-diameter vascular substitutes is a promising therapy in clinical operations.... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular diseases are a severe threat to human health. Implantation of small-diameter vascular substitutes is a promising therapy in clinical operations. Polyurethane (PU) is considered one of the most suitable materials for this substitution due to its good mechanical properties, controlled biostability, and proper biocompatibility. According to biodegradability and biostability, in this review, PU small-diameter vascular substitutes are divided into two groups: biodegradable scaffolds and biostable prostheses, which are applied to the body for short- and long-term, respectively. Following this category, the degradation principles and mechanisms of different kinds of PUs are first discussed; then the chemical and physical methods for adjusting the properties and the research advances are summarized. On the basis of these discussions, the problems remaining at present are addressed, and the contour of future research and development of PU-based small-diameter vascular substitutes toward clinical applications is outlined.
Topics: Absorbable Implants; Biocompatible Materials; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Humans; Materials Testing; Polyurethanes
PubMed: 30840365
DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800482 -
Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews Jun 2020Reconstructive surgery aims to restore tissue defects by replacing them with similar autologous tissue to achieve good clinical outcomes. However, often the defect is... (Review)
Review
Reconstructive surgery aims to restore tissue defects by replacing them with similar autologous tissue to achieve good clinical outcomes. However, often the defect is too large or the tissue available is limited, requiring synthetic materials to restore the anatomical shape and partial function. The utilization of three-dimensional (3D) printing allows for the manufacture of implants with complex geometries and internal architecture that more closely matches the required clinical needs. Synthetic polymers offer certain advantages over natural polymers as biomedical materials due to their ability to more closely mimic the mechanical and chemical properties of the native tissue. Synthetic polymer materials such as poly(lactic acid) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene are easily 3D printed to generate 3D objects due to their flexibility in their chemical and mechanical properties and physical form. Polyurethanes (PUs) are widely used as short- and long-term, implantable medical devices due to their good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and hemocompatibility. This article provides an overview on the advancement of 3D printable PU-based materials for biomedical applications. A summary of the chemical structure and synthesis of PUs is provided to explain how PUs may be processed into medical devices using additive manufacturing techniques. Currently, PUs are being explored by several 3D printing approaches, including fused filament fabrication, bioplotting, and stereolithography, to fabricate complex implants with precise patterns and shapes with fine resolution. PU scaffolds using 3D printing have shown good cell viability and tissue integration . The important limitations of PU printing are identified to stimulate future research. PUs offer a biocompatible, synthetic polymeric material that can be 3D printed to manufacture implants that are tailored to meet specific anatomical, mechanical, and biological requirements for biomedical applications.
Topics: Animals; Biomedical Technology; Body Fluids; Humans; Polyurethanes; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Temperature
PubMed: 32089089
DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2019.0224 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Apr 2024Catastrophic oil spill is one of the major issues to the environment. Various methods have been used to treat oil spillage including in situ burning, the use of... (Review)
Review
Catastrophic oil spill is one of the major issues to the environment. Various methods have been used to treat oil spillage including in situ burning, the use of skimmers, dispersants, bioremediation, dispersing agents, oil sorbents, and biological agents. Application of oil sorbent is one of the effective solutions in oil spill clean-up. Polymers are sustainable extraordinary materials for the treatment of oil spillage due to their special physicochemical characteristics such as high porosity, good hydrophobicity, and reusability. Polymers are modified using suitable chemical reagents and their hydrophobicity is enhanced, making them suitable for oil spill clean-up. The present manuscript is an attempt to summarize the study of chemical modifications done on a polymer polyurethane (PU) for achieving the desirable properties, for efficient oil spill clean-up. A patent analysis has been carried out for the leading countries, top inventors, leading assignees, trends of patent publications, citation analysis, and summary of granted patents in the area of the use of a polymer Polyurethane (PU) for oil spill clean-up.
Topics: Polyurethanes; Petroleum Pollution; Environmental Restoration and Remediation
PubMed: 38573572
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33037-y -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2020In this chapter, protocols and details for the immobilization of a model cell onto polyurethane foam carriers are provided in order to facilitate the use of such systems...
In this chapter, protocols and details for the immobilization of a model cell onto polyurethane foam carriers are provided in order to facilitate the use of such systems in laboratory or industrial reactors. Polyurethane foam has recently acquired great relevance as a carrier for its good mechanical properties, high porosity, and large adsorption surface. In addition, it has a very low commercial cost. Two different immobilization protocols have been described, differing in the flow regime or the possibilities for the reactor: immobilization in a stirred tank reactor working in a discontinuous regime (by cycles) and immobilization in a packed column working in continuous operation mode. Protocols for carrier sterilization, analytical methodology, and immobilization are described.
Topics: Adsorption; Cells, Immobilized; Mechanical Phenomena; Polyurethanes; Porosity
PubMed: 31939139
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0215-7_27 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Dec 2022For 80 years, polyisocyanates and polyols were central building blocks for the industrial fabrication of polyurethane (PU) foams. By their partial hydrolysis,...
For 80 years, polyisocyanates and polyols were central building blocks for the industrial fabrication of polyurethane (PU) foams. By their partial hydrolysis, isocyanates release CO that expands the PU network. Substituting this toxic isocyanate-based chemistry by a more sustainable variant-that in situ forms CO by hydrolysis of a comonomer-is urgently needed for producing greener cellular materials. Herein, we report a facile, up-scalable process, potentially compatible to existing infrastructures, to rapidly prepare water-induced self-blown non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foams. We show that formulations composed of poly(cyclic carbonate)s and polyamines furnish rigid or flexible NIPU foams by partial hydrolysis of cyclic carbonates in the presence of a catalyst. By utilizing readily available low cost starting materials, this simple but robust process gives access to greener PU foams, expectedly responding to the sustainability demands of many sectors.
Topics: Isocyanates; Water; Carbon Dioxide; Polyurethanes
PubMed: 36278827
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213422 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Aug 2021The challenges related to the persistence of plastics in natural ecosystems fostered strong interest in developing biodegradable bioplastics. Among natural biopolymers,... (Review)
Review
The challenges related to the persistence of plastics in natural ecosystems fostered strong interest in developing biodegradable bioplastics. Among natural biopolymers, starch gained both academic and industrial interest owing to its impressive physicochemical properties. The use of starch in production of polyurethane (PU) composites not only yields PUs with outstanding mechanical properties but also makes the final PU products biodegradable. The hydrophilic nature of starch limits its dispersion in hydrophobic PU polymers, although it is a significant benefit in creating starch-embedded non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) composites. We present a comprehensive overview to highlight important strategies that are used to improve the compatibility of starch with various PU matrices. This review also gives an overview of the recent advances in the synthesis of starch-NIPU hybrids. Moreover, we aim to deliver critical insight into strategies that boost the biodegradation characteristics of PUs along with a discussion on various methods to assess their biodegradation.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Biopolymers; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Isocyanates; Plastics; Polymers; Polyurethanes; Starch
PubMed: 33966823
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118029