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PET Clinics Apr 2016In 2010, the first whole-body PET/MRI scanners installed for clinical use were the sequential Philips PET/MRI with PMT-based, TOF-capable technology and the integrated... (Review)
Review
In 2010, the first whole-body PET/MRI scanners installed for clinical use were the sequential Philips PET/MRI with PMT-based, TOF-capable technology and the integrated simultaneous Siemens PET/MRI. Avalanche photodiodes as non-magneto-sensitive readout electronics allowed PET integrated within the MRI. The experiences with these scanners showed that improvements of software aspects, such as attenuation correction, were necessary and that efficient protocols combining optimally PET and MRI must be still developed. In 2014, General Electric issued an integrated PET/MRI with SiPM-based PET detectors, allowing TOF-PET. Looking at the MRI components of current PET/MR imaging systems, primary improvements come from sequences and new coils.
Topics: Equipment Design; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Whole Body Imaging
PubMed: 26952724
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2015.09.001 -
Clinical Oncology (Royal College of... Oct 2004
Topics: Diffusion of Innovation; Evidence-Based Medicine; Health Care Costs; Humans; Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiation Oncology; United Kingdom
PubMed: 15490812
DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2004.08.001 -
BJU International Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron-Emission Tomography; Urologic Neoplasms; Government; Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 37467147
DOI: 10.1111/bju.16135 -
Physics in Medicine and Biology Feb 2021For positron emission tomography (PET) online data acquisition, a centralized coincidence processor (CCP) with single-thread data processing has been used to select...
For positron emission tomography (PET) online data acquisition, a centralized coincidence processor (CCP) with single-thread data processing has been used to select coincidence events for many PET scanners. A CCP has the advantages of highly integrated circuit, compact connection between detector front-end and system electronics and centralized control of data process and decision making. However, it also has the drawbacks of data process delay, difficulty in handling very high count-rates of single and coincidence events and complicated algorithms to implement. These problems are exacerbated when implementing a CCP on a field-programable-gate-array (FPGA) due to increased routing congestion and reduced data throughput. Industry companies have applied non-centralized or distributed data processing to solve these problems, but those solutions remain either proprietary or lack full disclosure of technical details that make the techniques unclear and difficult to adapt for most research communities. In this study, we investigated the use of a set of distributed coincidence processors (DCP) that can address the CCP problems and be implemented relatively easily. Each coincidence processor exclusively connects one detector pair and selects coincidence events from this detector pair only, which breaks a centralized coincidence process to a collection of independent and parallel processes. DCP can significantly minimize the data process delay, maximize count-rates of coincidence events and simplify implementation by implementing a single coincidence processor with one detector pair and replicating it to the rest. A prototype DCP with 42 coincidence processors was implemented on an off-the-shelf FPGA development board for a small PET with 12 detectors configured with 42 detector pairs. DCP performances were tested with both pulsed signals and gamma ray interactions. There was no coincidence data loss up to the detector's maximum singles count-rate (250 k s). Approximately 1.2 k registers were utilized for each coincidence processor and the FPGA resource utilization was proportional to the number of coincidence processors. Coincidence timing spectra showed the results from accurately acquired coincidence events. In conclusion: complementary to CCP, DCP can provide high count-rate capability, with a simplified algorithm for implementation and potentially a practical solution for online acquisition of a PET with a larger number of detector pairs or for ultrahigh-throughput imaging.
Topics: Algorithms; Gamma Rays; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Positron-Emission Tomography; Software
PubMed: 33590827
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abde85 -
PET Clinics Jan 2024Organ-specific PET scanners continues to draw interest for their high-resolution imaging capability that is unmatched by whole-body PET/computed tomography (CT)... (Review)
Review
Organ-specific PET scanners continues to draw interest for their high-resolution imaging capability that is unmatched by whole-body PET/computed tomography (CT) scanners. The virtual-pinhole PET concept offers new opportunities in PET system design, allowing one to mix and match detectors of different characteristics to achieve the highest performance such as high image resolution, high system sensitivity, and large imaging field-of-view. This novel approach delivers high-resolution PET images previously available only through organ-specific PET scanner while maintaining the imaging field-of-view of a clinical PET/CT scanner to see the entire body.
Topics: Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Phantoms, Imaging
PubMed: 37775372
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.08.002 -
JOP : Journal of the Pancreas Mar 2014Positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is increasingly used for the staging of solid malignancies, including lung and esophagus. However,...
Positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is increasingly used for the staging of solid malignancies, including lung and esophagus. However, controversy still exists in relation to the application of PET in pancreatic cancer. The authors review seven studies (Abstracts #183, #189, #190, #254, #357, #375, #378) presented at the 2014 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium and discuss on the role of PET in this disease. As the limitations of the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) continue to become evident, FDG-PET may identify changes in the metabolic activity within pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and can provide both diagnostic and prognostic information.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prognosis
PubMed: 24618434
DOI: 10.6092/1590-8577/2326 -
Molecular Imaging and Biology 2004The recent introduction of combined positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scanners is having a far-reaching effect on the field of medical imaging...
The recent introduction of combined positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scanners is having a far-reaching effect on the field of medical imaging by bringing functional imaging to the forefront in radiology, oncology and other specialties. The PET/CT scanner is an evolution in technology combining two well-developed imaging modalities: anatomical imaging with CT and functional imaging with PET. The first prototype PET/CT scanner was a consequence of a succession of steps that, in chronological order, included the development of the High Density Avalanche Chamber (HIDAC) PET camera, 3-D PET methodology and the rotating partial-ring tomograph (PRT). The successful completion of each step was a prerequisite to progress to the next phase, and the lessons learned could then be applied to subsequent initiatives. This review will map the milestones from 3-D PET to 3-D PET/CT and assess the role each step played in the development of PET instrumentation over the past two decades.
Topics: History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 15380738
DOI: 10.1016/j.mibio.2004.06.003 -
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... Oct 2021The diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is challenging. Recently, guidelines incorporated cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose...
The diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is challenging. Recently, guidelines incorporated cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (F18-FDG) as a non-invasive diagnostic modality for the detection and follow-up of CS. However, this technique is dependent of patient dietary preparation to suppress physiological myocardial F18-FDG uptake. We present a case of possible CS which highlights a novel preparation protocol that facilitated appropriate myocardial suppression.
Topics: Adult; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sarcoidosis
PubMed: 33051803
DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02392-x -
Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official... Feb 2009
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 19139421
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.8405 -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine May 2022Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique introduced in 1970s. Over the years, PET was used alone but is in 2000 when the first hybrid PET/CT... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique introduced in 1970s. Over the years, PET was used alone but is in 2000 when the first hybrid PET/CT device was clinically introduced. Since then, PET has continuously been marked by technological developments, being the most recent one the introduction of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) as an alternative to standard photomultiplier tubes used in analog PET/CT systems. SiPMs, the basis for the so called digital PET/CT systems, are smaller than standard photomultiplier tubes (enabling higher spatial resolution) and provide up to 100% coverage of the crystal area, as well as high sensitivity, low noise, and fast timing resolution. SiPMs in combination with optimized acquisition and reconstruction parameters improve the localization of the annihilation events, provide high definition PET images, and offer higher sensitivity and higher diagnostic performance. This article summarizes the evidence about the superior performance of the state of the art digital PET and highlights its potential clinical implications. Digital PET opens new perspectives in the quantification and characterization of small lesions, which are mostly undetectable using analog PET systems, potentially changing patient management and improving outcomes in oncological and non-oncological diseases. Moreover, digital PET offers the possibility to reduce radiation dose and scan times which may facilitate the implementation of PET to address unmet clinical needs.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 34836617
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.10.004