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Circulation Journal : Official Journal... 2013Nuclear imaging, predominantly with single-photon emission tomography, has established and demonstrated value for the assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD).... (Review)
Review
Nuclear imaging, predominantly with single-photon emission tomography, has established and demonstrated value for the assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Formerly, the clinical application of positron emission tomography (PET) was precluded by methodological complexity, high operating costs and lack of widespread availability. However, as PET and radiotracer development technologies have improved and continue to do so, PET is expected to become a mainstay diagnostic cardiovascular imaging modality. Not only is PET imaging of great importance for routine clinical decision-making and diagnosing CVD, it is also gaining prominence in fundamental and translational research models. The scope of this review is to summarize the state-of-the-art advances in PET imaging methodology, clinical utility and potential future application.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiography
PubMed: 23486164
DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0213 -
Annals of Biomedical Engineering Apr 2011Historically, positron emission tomography (PET) systems have been based on scintillation crystals coupled to photomultipliers tubes (PMTs). However, the limited quantum... (Review)
Review
Historically, positron emission tomography (PET) systems have been based on scintillation crystals coupled to photomultipliers tubes (PMTs). However, the limited quantum efficiency, bulkiness, and relatively high cost per unit surface area of PMTs, along with the growth of new applications for PET, offers opportunities for other photodetectors. Among these, small-animal scanners, hybrid PET/MRI systems, and incorporation of time-of-flight information are of particular interest and require low-cost, compact, fast, and magnetic field compatible photodetectors. With high quantum efficiency and compact structure, avalanche photodiodes (APDs) overcome several of the drawbacks of PMTs, but this is offset by degraded signal-to-noise and timing properties. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) offer an alternative solution, combining many of the advantages of PMTs and APDs. They have high gain, excellent timing properties and are insensitive to magnetic fields. At the present time, SiPM technology is rapidly developing and therefore an investigation into optimal design and operating conditions is underway together with detailed characterization of SiPM-based PET detectors. Published data are extremely promising and show good energy and timing resolution, as well as the ability to decode small scintillator arrays. SiPMs clearly have the potential to be the photodetector of choice for some, or even perhaps most, PET systems.
Topics: Biomedical Engineering; Crystallization; Equipment Design; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Optical Devices; Positron-Emission Tomography; Silicon
PubMed: 21321792
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0266-9 -
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
PubMed: 38460726
DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclcard.2024.101844 -
Journal of Thoracic Imaging Jan 2013Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful quantitative molecular imaging technique that is complementary to structural imaging techniques for purposes of disease... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful quantitative molecular imaging technique that is complementary to structural imaging techniques for purposes of disease detection and characterization. This review article provides a brief overview of PET, hybrid PET instrumentation, and PET quantification.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Thoracic Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 23249967
DOI: 10.1097/RTI.0b013e31827882d9 -
Zeitschrift Fur Medizinische Physik Feb 2023
Topics: Precision Medicine; Electrons; Positron-Emission Tomography; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
PubMed: 36710155
DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.01.006 -
Neuroimaging Clinics of North America Nov 2005Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) is accurate in the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in the... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) is accurate in the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in the differentiation of AD from the other causes of dementia. FDG-PET imaging is available widely and performed easily. Different patterns of abnormality with the various causes of dementia are well described. Semiquantitative methods of image interpretation are available. Medicare covers FDG-PET imaging for the narrow indication of differentiation of possible AD from frontotemporal dementia.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Diagnosis, Differential; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 16443494
DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2005.09.007 -
Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging Apr 2017
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 28377469
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.117.006321 -
Journal of Computer Assisted TomographyIncidental gallbladder lesions are common in imaging studies, although it is not always easy to discriminate benign lesions from gallbladder cancer with conventional...
OBJECTIVE
Incidental gallbladder lesions are common in imaging studies, although it is not always easy to discriminate benign lesions from gallbladder cancer with conventional imaging procedures. The present study aims to assess the capacity of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-[ 18 F]FDG to distinguish between benign and malignant pathology of the gallbladder, compared with conventional imaging techniques (contrast-enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging).
METHODS
Positron emission tomography/CT and conventional imaging studies of 53 patients with gallbladder lesions were evaluated and visually classified as benign, malignant, or inconclusive. Agreement between PET/CT and conventional imaging was determined, and imaging findings were correlated with histology or follow-up. Positron emission tomography/CT images were also analyzed semiquantitatively (SUV max and maximum tumor-to-liver ratio [TLR max ]). The presence of adenopathies and distant metastases was assessed and compared between both imaging procedures.
RESULTS
According to histology or follow-up, 33 patients (62%) had a malignant process and 20 (38%) had benign lesions. Positron emission tomography/CT and conventional imaging showed a moderate agreement ( κ = 0.59). Conventional imaging classified more studies as inconclusive compared with PET/CT (17.0% and 7.5%, respectively), although both procedures showed a similar accuracy. Malignant lesions had significantly higher SUV max and, especially, TLR max (0.89 and 2.38 [ P = 0.00028] for benign and malignant lesions, respectively). Positron emission tomography/CT identified more pathologic adenopathies and distant metastases, and patients with regional or distant spread had higher SUV max and TLR max in the gallbladder.
CONCLUSIONS
Positron emission tomography/CT is accurate to distinguish between benign and malignant pathology of the gallbladder, with a similar performance to conventional imaging procedures but with less inconclusive results. Malignant lesions present higher SUV max and TLR max values.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Gallbladder; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 37184994
DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000001431 -
Revista Espanola de Medicina Nuclear E... 2019Patient safety is an essential component of quality of care, especially when the complexity of care has reached extreme levels. Currently achieving this safety is...
Patient safety is an essential component of quality of care, especially when the complexity of care has reached extreme levels. Currently achieving this safety is considered a basic strategy of the National Health System. Nuclear Medicine departments have certain peculiarities that make them special in terms of patient safety, with situations that go beyond the common healthcare practice of other departments. Namely, that both encapsulated and non-encapsulated ionizing radiation is used in daily practice, and numerous groups of professionals must be coordinated to undertake positron emission tomography (PET) specifically, from the clinical management unit itself, and from other departments of the hospital (as well as companies outside the hospital itself and the Public Health System). The objective of this paper was to identify the risks to which a patient who is to be explored through PET can be exposed in a Nuclear Medicine department and draw up a risk map for the PET process. The methodology used is part of the proposal of the Ministry of Health (2007), and its practical implementation (given the limited literature available on Nuclear Medicine), follows as far as possible that of related care areas (radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy). For this purpose, a multidisciplinary team of professionals directly related to the PET process was created, using the modal analysis of faults and effects methodology to identify possible failures, their causes and the potential adverse events causing each. As a final step, a risk map was created, locating the previously identified faults at each stage of the process. This paper exposes the PET process, and describes the risks that patients might run when a PET scan is required, as well as the adverse events deriving from it. All this is shown in a risk map of the PET process.
Topics: Humans; Patient Care Team; Patient Safety; Positron-Emission Tomography; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 30448098
DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2018.09.007 -
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and... May 2016Noninvasive imaging of cerebral blood flow provides critical information to understand normal brain physiology as well as to identify and manage patients with... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Noninvasive imaging of cerebral blood flow provides critical information to understand normal brain physiology as well as to identify and manage patients with neurological disorders. To date, the reference standard for cerebral blood flow measurements is considered to be positron emission tomography using injection of the [(15)O]-water radiotracer. Although [(15)O]-water has been used to study brain perfusion under normal and pathological conditions, it is not widely used in clinical settings due to the need for an on-site cyclotron, the invasive nature of arterial blood sampling, and experimental complexity. As an alternative, arterial spin labeling is a promising magnetic resonance imaging technique that magnetically labels arterial blood as it flows into the brain to map cerebral blood flow. As arterial spin labeling becomes more widely adopted in research and clinical settings, efforts have sought to standardize the method and validate its cerebral blood flow values against positron emission tomography-based cerebral blood flow measurements. The purpose of this work is to critically review studies that performed both [(15)O]-water positron emission tomography and arterial spin labeling to measure brain perfusion, with the aim of better understanding the accuracy and reproducibility of arterial spin labeling relative to the positron emission tomography reference standard.
Topics: Arteries; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Oxygen Radioisotopes; Positron-Emission Tomography; Spin Labels; Water
PubMed: 26945019
DOI: 10.1177/0271678X16636393