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Clinical Oncology (Royal College of... Mar 2012
Topics: Esophageal Neoplasms; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 21865019
DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2011.08.001 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... 2008Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful and rapidly developing area of molecular imaging that is used to study and visualize human physiology by the detection... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful and rapidly developing area of molecular imaging that is used to study and visualize human physiology by the detection of positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. Information about metabolism, receptor/enzyme function, and biochemical mechanisms in living tissue can be obtained directly from PET experiments. Unlike magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT), which mainly provide detailed anatomical images, PET can measure chemical changes that occur before macroscopic anatomical signs of a disease are observed. PET is emerging as a revolutionary method for measuring body function and tailoring disease treatment in living subjects. The development of synthetic strategies for the synthesis of new positron-emitting molecules is, however, not trivial. This Review highlights key aspects of the synthesis of PET radiotracers with the short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (11)C, (18)F, (15)O, and (13)N, with emphasis on the most recent strategies.
Topics: Carbon Radioisotopes; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Humans; Isotope Labeling; Nitrogen Radioisotopes; Oxygen Radioisotopes; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radioisotopes
PubMed: 18988199
DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800222 -
Amino Acids Dec 2005
Topics: Food; Humans; Pharmacokinetics; Positron-Emission Tomography; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 16362183
DOI: 10.1007/s00726-005-0198-5 -
Nuclear Medicine and Biology Oct 2005Quantitative autoradiographic methods for in vivo measurement of regional rates of cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and protein synthesis contribute... (Review)
Review
Quantitative autoradiographic methods for in vivo measurement of regional rates of cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and protein synthesis contribute significantly to our understanding of phsysiological and biochemical responses of the brain to changes in the environment. A disadvantage of these autoradiographic methods is that experimental animals can be studied only once. With the advent of small animal positron emission tomography (PET) and with increases in the sensitivity and spatial resolution of scanners it is now possible to use adaptations of these methods in experimental animals with PET. These developments allow repeated studies of the same animal, including studies of the same animal under different conditions, and longitudinal studies. In this review we summarize the tradeoffs between the use of autoradiography and small animal PET for functional brain imaging studies in animal research.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Brain Mapping; Glucose; Humans; Models, Animal; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Positron-Emission Tomography; Reproducibility of Results; Research; Research Design; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 16243647
DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2005.04.020 -
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental... Jul 2013Positron emission tomography (PET) with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG), a glucose analog, is widely used throughout the world as an indispensable imaging modality... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG), a glucose analog, is widely used throughout the world as an indispensable imaging modality for the management of cancer treatment. This article reviews the pioneering achievements of PET in oncology with a focus on the development of PET that occurred from 1980 through the early-1990s. (18)F-FDG was first applied for imaging of animal tumors in 1980 and for brain tumor imaging clinically in 1982. (18)F-FDG enabled to visualize liver metastasis as clear positive image that could not be obtained by conventional nuclear imaging. Subsequently, (18)F-FDG was used for imaging various cancers, such as lung, pancreas, colorectal and hepatoma. (11)C-L-methionine ((11)C-MET) that reflects amino acid transport of cancers has an advantage that its uptake is lower in the brain and inflammatory tissue compared to (18)F-FDG, and was first applied for imaging lung cancer and brain tumor. (18)F-FDG and (11)C-MET were proved to be sensitive tracers that can be used to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of cancer treatment. The diagnostic accuracy of PET, which is critical in clinical practice, was evaluated for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign lung nodules using (18)F-FDG or (11)C-MET. In addition to (18)F-FDG and (11)C-MET, many radiopharmaceuticals were developed, such as (18)F-labled thymidine analogs for evaluating proliferative activity, (18)F-fluoromisonidazole for imaging of hypoxia, and (18)F-fluorodeoxygalactose for evaluating liver-specific galactose metabolism and for imaging of hepatoma that retains galactose metabolic activity. These early efforts and achievements have greatly contributed to the development and clinical application of (18)F-FDG PET in oncology.
Topics: Carbon Radioisotopes; Diagnosis, Differential; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Methionine; Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 23883588
DOI: 10.1620/tjem.230.155 -
Journal of Labelled Compounds &... Nov 2022The discovery of novel imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET) relies on medicinal chemistry best practices, including a good understanding of molecular...
The discovery of novel imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET) relies on medicinal chemistry best practices, including a good understanding of molecular and pharmacological properties required for the acquisition of relevant, high-quality images. This short note reviews the characteristics of a series of clinically successful imaging agents, providing guidance for the optimization of such molecular tools. PET imaging plays an important role in staging disease and in helping clinical dose selection, which is critical for the efficient development of drug candidates.
Topics: Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron-Emission Tomography; Central Nervous System
PubMed: 36148533
DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4004 -
IEEE Engineering in Medicine and... 2004
Review
Topics: Animals; Cell Physiological Phenomena; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Molecular Biology; Positron-Emission Tomography; Subtraction Technique; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 15508383
DOI: 10.1109/memb.2004.1337947 -
IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging Dec 2019Demands for in-vivo human molecular imaging with high resolution and high sensitivity in positron emission tomography (PET) require several new design formulae. A...
Demands for in-vivo human molecular imaging with high resolution and high sensitivity in positron emission tomography (PET) require several new design formulae. A classical problem of the PET design, however, was the trade-off between sensitivity and resolution. To satisfy both requirements, the brain-body convertible PET with wobbling and zooming is proposed. The features of this new proposed system are wobble sampling for high-resolution imaging and zooming mode for high sensitivity, especially for the brain dedicated imaging. For the high resolution, wobbling with a linear interpolation and line spread function (LSF) deconvolution reconstruction algorithm was introduced. The result of the proposed system provided resolution up to 1.56 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) in the brain mode and resulting in the detector-to-resolution ratio (DRR) was 2.47. For both brain phantom and in-vivo rat brain imaging, the proposed system demonstrated superior image quality compared with the commercial PET systems. The newly designed PET with wobbling and zooming also demonstrated the possibility of developing practically usable high-resolution human brain PET-MRI fusion system, especially for the neuroscience research.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Brain; Equipment Design; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Molecular Imaging; Phantoms, Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Rats
PubMed: 31094686
DOI: 10.1109/TMI.2019.2916326 -
Nuclear Medicine Communications Jul 2004Some of the issues associated with positron emission tomography (PET) technology which still pose challenges for the recovery of quantitative images are discussed.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Some of the issues associated with positron emission tomography (PET) technology which still pose challenges for the recovery of quantitative images are discussed. Through these issues reference to what is today considered as the 'gold standard' in quantitative PET imaging is also presented. A brief comparison of 2-D and 3-D PET is given, together with a short discussion of combined PET/CT imaging devices.
Topics: Algorithms; Equipment Design; Image Enhancement; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Positron-Emission Tomography; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Subtraction Technique; Technology Assessment, Biomedical
PubMed: 15208488
DOI: 10.1097/01.mnm.0000134328.92793.50 -
Clinical Oncology (Royal College of... Apr 2013
Evidence-based guideline recommendations on the use of positron emission tomography imaging in head and neck cancer from Ontario and guidelines in general--some observations.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 23422786
DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2013.01.004