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The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 2018To compare the postprandial metabolic responses to a high-fat meal in healthy adults who differ by age and physical activity level.
OBJECTIVES
To compare the postprandial metabolic responses to a high-fat meal in healthy adults who differ by age and physical activity level.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional, quasi-experimental design.
SETTING
Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium (PAN-CRC) at Kansas State University (Manhattan, KS, USA).
PARTICIPANTS
Twenty-two healthy adults: 8 younger active (YA) adults (4M/4W; 25 ± 5 yr), 8 older active (OA) adults (4M/4W; 67 ± 5 yr), and 6 older inactive (OI) adults (3M/3W; 68 ± 7 yr).
INTERVENTION
Following an overnight (10-hour) fast and having abstained from exercise for 2 days, participants consumed a high-fat meal (63% fat, 34% CHO; 12 kcal/kg body mass; 927 ± 154 kcal). To assess the metabolic response, blood draws were performed at baseline and each hour following the meal for 6 hours.
MEASUREMENTS
Fasting and postprandial triglycerides (TG), glucose, Total-C, and HDL-C were measured. Metabolic load index (MLI) and LDL-C were calculated.
RESULTS
There were significant group x time interactions for TG (p < 0.0001) and MLI (p = 0.004). The TG total area-under-the-curve (tAUC) response was significantly lower in YA (407.9 ± 115.1 mg/dL 6 hr) compared to OA (625.6 ± 169.0 mg/dL 6 hr; p = 0.02) and OI (961.2 ± 363.6 mg/dL 6 hr; p = 0.0002), while the OA group TG tAUC was lower than the OI group (p = 0.02). The TG peak was significantly lower in YA (90.5 ± 27.0 mg/dL) than OA (144.0 ± 42.2 mg/dL; p = 0.03) and OI (228.2 ± 96.1 mg/dL; p = 0.0003), and was lower in the OA group compared to the OI group (p = 0.03). Glucose was significantly lower 1 hour after the meal in YA (89.4 ± 10.1 mg/dL; p = 0.01) and OA (87.3 ± 22.3 mg/dL; p = 0.005) versus OI (110.7 ± 26.9 mg/dL). MLI tAUC was significantly lower in YA (936.8 ± 137.7 mg/dL 6 hr; p = 0.0007) and OA (1133.0 ± 207.4 mg/dL; p = 0.01) versus OI (1553.8 ± 394.3 mg/dL), with no difference (p = 0.14) between YA and OA groups. Total-C and LDL-C were generally lower in younger compared to older participants at baseline and throughout the postprandial period, while no group or time effects were evident in HDL-C.
CONCLUSION
Both physical activity status and aging appear to affect the postprandial metabolic, namely TG, response to a high-fat meal. These findings point to an inherently diminished metabolic capacity with aging, but suggest that physical activity may help minimize this decrement.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Postprandial Period
PubMed: 29300434
DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0956-6 -
Journal of the American Medical... Jul 2023The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of postprandial hypotension (PPH) in older inpatients, to verify the overall postprandial behavior of blood pressure and...
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of postprandial hypotension (PPH) in older inpatients, to verify the overall postprandial behavior of blood pressure and attentional performances, and to explore the overall associations between blood pressure (including PPH) and attentional performances. Eventually, we aimed to investigate differences on PPH, blood pressure values and attentional performances based on the subjects' frailty status.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
A sample of older inpatients at the Geriatric Unit of the University Hospital of Messina (Italy).
METHODS
Basal, preprandial, and postprandial blood pressures (75 minutes after the meal) were measured for each patient; PPH was detected according to its empirical definition. Global cognitive functioning, and sustained and selective attention were assessed; a 46-item Frailty Index was calculated.
RESULTS
The sample consisted of 112 inpatients (54 females), with a mean age of 80.9 years. The prevalence of PPH was 30.4%; in the postprandial window, a reduction in blood pressure between 10 and 20 mm Hg and a reduction of >20 mm Hg were reported by 27.1% and 29.9% of inpatients, respectively. In the postprandial evaluation, sustained and selective attention markedly decreased. No significant associations were found between PPH occurrence and the postprandial dip of attentional performances, and no significant cognitive differences were found between inpatients with and without PPH. On the other hand, reduced postprandial attentional performances were associated especially with preprandial lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. Ultimately, no significant differences in PPH occurrence were found between frail and nonfrail inpatients; frail inpatients significantly exhibited also an overall lower cognitive functioning.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
In our sample, PPH and impaired postprandial attentional performances were not associated, even though this association deserves further investigation. In hospitalized older adults, the accurate management of blood pressure levels appears relevant, because we evidenced that low blood pressure (especially preprandial) was associated with poor attentional functioning. Although the plausible occurrence of several interfering and confounder factors was observed in an acute care setting, we consider that the screening of attentional functioning among hospitalized older patients could be helpful.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Inpatients; Cross-Sectional Studies; Frailty; Hypotension; Blood Pressure; Postprandial Period; Attention
PubMed: 37121263
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.03.023 -
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders... 2015The consumption of unbalanced meals, consisting of foods rich in lipids and/or carbohydrates and calories, has been associated to a postprandial metabolic stress that... (Review)
Review
The consumption of unbalanced meals, consisting of foods rich in lipids and/or carbohydrates and calories, has been associated to a postprandial metabolic stress that involves the increase of the production of free radicals and proinflammatory markers. Growing evidence suggest that dietary polyphenols contained in fruit-derived products, such as fruit juices, are involved in the role played by plant foods in disease prevention. Their association to a calorie-dense meal may help to attenuate the onset of postprandial metabolic and inflammatory stress. The available evidence in the literature investigating the effects of polyphenols rich fruit juices on the modulation of postprandial-induced metabolic stress in humans will be presented and discussed.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cross-Over Studies; Fruit; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Humans; Polyphenols; Postprandial Period; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 25335991
DOI: 10.2174/1871530314666141021114325 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Nov 2010Globalization has made calorie rich, cheap, convenient marketed foods the main menu for the common man. Indians are particularly susceptible to the adverse outcomes of... (Review)
Review
Globalization has made calorie rich, cheap, convenient marketed foods the main menu for the common man. Indians are particularly susceptible to the adverse outcomes of this dietary change because of ethnic, epigenetic reasons and sarcopenic adiposity (less muscle more fat for the same body weight). Children have smaller body frame making them more susceptible to adverse effects of hyperglycaemia leading to stress on beta cells and their damage. This has resulted in escalation of lifestyle diseases by three-fold, that too at our younger age group at lower body mass indices. Preventive measures are necessary in early life to protect the beta cells, to achieve a metabolically healthy society. This will help in sustaining optimal beta cell function throughout a person's life. Modification in dietary habits by educating the society, proper food labelling and legal regulation, restricting calorie, sugar, saturated fat, trans-fat and salt intake has proved its benefits in the developed world. Changes in the quality of food is as important as restricting calorie intake. This includes facilitation of increased consumption of dietary fiber, complex carbohydrates, nuts, fruits and vegetables. Restrictions are needed to reduce trans-fats, saturated fats and cooking habits such as deep frying which oxidizes cholesterol and lipids. Foods with long shelf-life shorten the life line because of their salt, sugar or trans-fat content. Individual meals need to be targeted in the general dietary guidelines, to minimize the post-prandial metabolic insult. In general, we need healthy start to early life particularly the first twenty years of life so that the habits cultured during childhood are sustained for the rest of productive years.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Feeding Behavior; Humans; India; Life Style; Nutritional Requirements; Postprandial Period
PubMed: 21150013
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Pediatrics Dec 2001Dumping syndrome and postprandial hypoglycemia have been reported after Nissen fundoplication. The physiopathologic mechanisms are poorly understood and a variety of... (Review)
Review
Dumping syndrome and postprandial hypoglycemia have been reported after Nissen fundoplication. The physiopathologic mechanisms are poorly understood and a variety of therapies have failed to control the hypoglycemia in these patients. We report a series of 6 infants with postprandial hypoglycemia after Nissen fundoplication who were treated successfully with acarbose.
Topics: Acarbose; Child, Preschool; Female; Fundoplication; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infant; Male; Postprandial Period
PubMed: 11743518
DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2001.119169 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022We evaluated the effects of different exercise types suitable for a home/work setting on the postprandial glucose response. Twenty-three healthy, active, young...
We evaluated the effects of different exercise types suitable for a home/work setting on the postprandial glucose response. Twenty-three healthy, active, young individuals performed one of two studies (12 in Study 1 and 11 in Study 2), with four randomized protocols each. After a meal high in carbohydrate content (1 g of carbohydrate per kg of body weight), in Study 1, participants performed 30 min of either walking (WALK), bench stepping exercise (STEP) or isometric wall squat (SQUAT); in Study 2, participants performed 30 min of either walking (WALK), neuromuscular electrical stimulation alone (P_NMES) or superimposed on voluntary muscle contraction (VC_NMES). In both studies, participants performed a prolonged sitting condition (CON) that was compared to the exercise sessions. In Study 1, WALK and STEP significantly reduced the glucose peak compared to CON (p < 0.011). In Study 2, the peak was significantly reduced in WALK compared to CON, P_NMES and VC_NMES (p < 0.011) and in VC_NMES compared to CON and P_NMES (p < 0.011). A significant reduction of 3 h glucose iAUC was found for WALK and VC_NMES compared to CON and P_NMES (p < 0.033). In conclusion, WALK is the most effective strategy for improving the postprandial glycemic response. However, STEP and VC_NMES can also be used for reducing postprandial glycemia.
Topics: Humans; Walking; Muscle Contraction; Blood Glucose; Posture; Glucose; Postprandial Period
PubMed: 36612575
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010253 -
Neuroscience Aug 2022Episodic meal-related memories provide the brain with a powerful mechanism for tracking and controlling eating behavior because they contain a detailed record of recent... (Review)
Review
Episodic meal-related memories provide the brain with a powerful mechanism for tracking and controlling eating behavior because they contain a detailed record of recent energy intake that likely outlasts the physiological signals generated by feeding bouts. This review briefly summarizes evidence from human participants showing that episodic meal-related memory limits later eating behavior and then describes our research aimed at investigating whether hippocampal neurons mediate the inhibitory effects of meal-related memory on subsequent feeding. Our approach has been inspired by pioneering work conducted by Ivan Izquierdo and others who used posttraining manipulations to investigate memory consolidation. This review describes the rationale and value of posttraining manipulations, how Izquierdo used them to demonstrate that dorsal hippocampal (dHC) neurons are critical for memory consolidation, and how we have adapted this strategy to investigate whether dHC neurons are necessary for mnemonic control of energy intake. I describe our evidence showing that ingestion activates the molecular processes necessary for synaptic plasticity and memory during the early postprandial period, when the memory of the meal would be undergoing consolidation, and then summarize our findings showing that neural activity in dHC neurons is critical during the early postprandial period for limiting future intake. Collectively, our evidence supports the hypothesis that dHC neurons mediate the inhibitory effects of ingestion-related memory on future intake and demonstrates that post-experience memory modulation is not confined to artificial laboratory memory tasks.
Topics: Animals; Eating; Feeding Behavior; Hippocampus; Humans; Memory, Episodic; Postprandial Period; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 34998891
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.040 -
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Jul 2022The integrated glucose-insulin model is a semimechanistic model describing glucose and insulin after a glucose challenge. Similarly, a semiphysiologic model of the...
The integrated glucose-insulin model is a semimechanistic model describing glucose and insulin after a glucose challenge. Similarly, a semiphysiologic model of the postprandial triglyceride (TG) response in chylomicrons and VLDL-V6 was recently published. We have developed the triglyceride-insulin-glucose-GLP-1 (TIGG) model by integrating these models and active GLP-1. The aim was to characterize, using the TIGG model, the postprandial response over 13 hours following a high-fat meal in 3 study populations based on body mass index categories: lean, obese, and very obese. Differential glucose and lipid regulation were observed between the lean population and obese or very obese populations. A population comparison revealed further that fasting glucose and insulin were elevated in obese and very obese when compared with lean; and euglycemia was achieved at different times postmeal between the obese and very obese populations. Postprandial insulin was incrementally elevated in the obese and very obese populations compared with lean. Postprandial chylomicrons TGs were similar across populations, whereas the postprandial TGs in VLDL-V6 were increased in the obese and very obese populations compared with lean. Postprandial active GLP-1 was diminished in the very obese population compared with lean or obese. The TIGG model described the response following a high-fat meal in individuals who are lean, obese, and very obese and provided insight into the possible regulation of glucose homeostasis in the extended period after the meal by utilizing lipids. The TIGG-model is the first model to integrate glucose and insulin regulation, incretin effect, and postprandial TGs response in chylomicrons and VLDL-V6.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Chylomicrons; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucose; Homeostasis; Humans; Insulin; Obesity; Postprandial Period; Triglycerides
PubMed: 35388464
DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2604 -
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia :... Jun 1999A decrease in blood pressure (BP) 30 to 60 minutes after food ingestion is a physiologic and asymptomatic event, and is about 10 to 16 mm Hg in elderly subjects, but...
INTRODUCTION
A decrease in blood pressure (BP) 30 to 60 minutes after food ingestion is a physiologic and asymptomatic event, and is about 10 to 16 mm Hg in elderly subjects, but only 3 to 4 mm Hg in youths.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Sixteen women referred to our hospital with complains of lipothymia were studied. They were compared with a control population of 20 healthy subjects. Clinical, laboratory and electrocardiographic (12 leads and 24 hour "Holter" monitoring) evaluation, and 24 hour BP monitoring were performed. In the BP register, the period between the beginning and until 4 hours after the meal was analysed separately.
RESULTS
The systolic and diastolic BP between the two populations was not significantly different (120.6 +/- 14.6 mm Hg and 76.5 +/- 8.9 mm Hg in the study group and 126.8 +/- 10.9 mm Hg and 77.8 +/- 7.2 mm Hg in the controls). The average of the mean BP was also not significantly different (78.7 +/- 11.7 mm Hg vs. 86.8 +/- 5 mm Hg, patients and controls). During the 4 hours after the meal there was a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in the average of the mean BP of the patients, which did not occur in the controls (65.4 +/- 7.3 mm Hg vs. 88.5 +/- 2.5 mm Hg, patients and controls). This postprandial decrease in BP correlated with the patients' symptomatology.
CONCLUSIONS
Although physiologic in some individuals, the decrease in postprandial BP can be exaggerated and symptomatic. Outpatient BP monitoring can become a useful instrument in the evaluation of syncope/lipothymia.
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure Determination; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Hypotension; Middle Aged; Postprandial Period
PubMed: 10422455
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Applied Physiology... Aug 2017There is no consensus regarding optimal exercise timing for reducing postprandial glucose (PPG). The purpose of the present study was to determine the most effective...
There is no consensus regarding optimal exercise timing for reducing postprandial glucose (PPG). The purpose of the present study was to determine the most effective exercise timing. Eleven participants completed four different exercise patterns ) no exercise; ) preprandial exercise (jogging); ) postprandial exercise; and ) brief periodic exercise intervention (three sets of 1-min jogging + 30 s of rest, every 30 min, 20 times total) in a random order separated by a minimum of 5 days. Preprandial and postprandial exercise consisted of 20 sets of intermittent exercise (1 min of jogging + 30 s rest per set) repeated 3 times per day. Total daily exercise volume was identical for all three exercise patterns. Exercise intensities were 62.4 ± 12.9% V̇o Blood glucose concentrations were measured continuously throughout each trial for 24 h. After breakfast, peak blood glucose concentrations were lower with brief periodic exercise (99 ± 6 mg/dl) than those with preprandial and postprandial exercise (109 ± 10 and 115 ± 14 mg/dl, respectively, < 0.05, effect size = 0.517). After lunch, peak glucose concentrations were lower with brief periodic exercise than those with postprandial exercise (97 ± 5 and 108 ± 8 mg/dl, < 0.05, effect size = 0.484). After dinner, peak glucose concentrations did not significantly differ among exercise patterns. Areas under the curve over 24 h and 2 h postprandially did not differ among exercise patterns. These findings suggest that brief periodic exercise may be more effective than preprandial and postprandial exercise at attenuating PPG in young active individuals. This was the first study to investigate the effect of different exercise timing (brief periodic vs. preprandial vs. postprandial exercise) on postprandial glucose (PPG) attenuation in active healthy men. We demonstrated that brief periodic exercise attenuated peak PPG levels more than preprandial and postprandial exercise, particularly in the morning. Additionally, PPG rebounded soon after discontinuing postprandial exercise. Thus, brief periodic exercise may be better than preprandial and postprandial exercise at attenuating PPG levels.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Exercise; Glucose; Humans; Male; Meals; Postprandial Period; Young Adult
PubMed: 28408695
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00608.2016