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Nutrients Mar 2023Functional dyspepsia is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain, and epigastric burning. The pathophysiology... (Review)
Review
Functional dyspepsia is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain, and epigastric burning. The pathophysiology of the disease is not fully elucidated and there is no permanent cure, although some therapies (drugs or herbal remedies) try to reduce the symptoms. Diet plays a critical role in either the reduction or the exacerbation of functional dyspepsia symptoms; therefore dietary management is considered to be of high importance. Several foods have been suggested to be associated with worsening functional dyspepsia, such as fatty and spicy foods, soft drinks, and others, and other foods are thought to alleviate symptoms, such as apples, rice, bread, olive oil, yogurt, and others. Although an association between functional dyspepsia and irregular eating habits (abnormal meal frequency, skipping meals, late-night snacking, dining out, etc.) has been established, not many dietary patterns have been reported as potential factors that influence the severity of functional dyspepsia. A higher adherence to Western diets and a lower adherence to FODMAPs diets and healthy patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, can contribute to the worsening of symptoms. More research is needed on the role of specific foods, dietary patterns, or specific eating habits in the management of functional dyspepsia.
Topics: Humans; Dyspepsia; Abdominal Pain; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Postprandial Period
PubMed: 36986274
DOI: 10.3390/nu15061544 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Sep 2016The positive effects of dietary fibre on health are now widely recognised; however, our understanding of the mechanisms involved in producing such benefits remains... (Review)
Review
The positive effects of dietary fibre on health are now widely recognised; however, our understanding of the mechanisms involved in producing such benefits remains unclear. There are even uncertainties about how dietary fibre in plant foods should be defined and analysed. This review attempts to clarify the confusion regarding the mechanisms of action of dietary fibre and deals with current knowledge on the wide variety of dietary fibre materials, comprising mainly of NSP that are not digested by enzymes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These non-digestible materials range from intact cell walls of plant tissues to individual polysaccharide solutions often used in mechanistic studies. We discuss how the structure and properties of fibre are affected during food processing and how this can impact on nutrient digestibility. Dietary fibre can have multiple effects on GI function, including GI transit time and increased digesta viscosity, thereby affecting flow and mixing behaviour. Moreover, cell wall encapsulation influences macronutrient digestibility through limited access to digestive enzymes and/or substrate and product release. Moreover, encapsulation of starch can limit the extent of gelatinisation during hydrothermal processing of plant foods. Emphasis is placed on the effects of diverse forms of fibre on rates and extents of starch and lipid digestion, and how it is important that a better understanding of such interactions with respect to the physiology and biochemistry of digestion is needed. In conclusion, we point to areas of further investigation that are expected to contribute to realisation of the full potential of dietary fibre on health and well-being of humans.
Topics: Biological Availability; Dietary Fiber; Digestion; Food Analysis; Humans; Nutritive Value; Postprandial Period
PubMed: 27385119
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516002610 -
European Journal of Internal Medicine Jun 2021
Topics: Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Postprandial Period; Triglycerides
PubMed: 33712361
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.02.018 -
PloS One 2016The aim of this study was to investigate the association between postprandial glucose and intraocular pressure in a relatively healthy population. We examined 1,439...
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between postprandial glucose and intraocular pressure in a relatively healthy population. We examined 1,439 adults getting a health check-up in a health promotion center at Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH) in Taiwan between 2012 and 2013. All participants underwent examinations to measure metabolic variables and intraocular pressure. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between postprandial glucose and intraocular pressure. The levels of postprandial glucose were divided into quartiles with subjects in the lowest quartile being regarded as the reference group to perform quartile-based analysis. Covariate adjustment was designed for three models for further analysis. Subjects with higher quartiles of postprandial glucose level had a higher systolic blood pressure, a greater waist circumference and an elevated fasting glucose level (all p < 0.001). The β coefficient with adjusted covariates showed a significant positive association between postprandial glucose and intraocular pressure. The trends of intraocular pressure across increasing quartiles of postprandial glucose were statistically significant (all p for trend < 0.001). Thus, higher levels of postprandial glucose positively correlated with elevated intraocular pressure.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Middle Aged; Ocular Hypertension; Postprandial Period; Risk Factors
PubMed: 27977733
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168142 -
Ceskoslovenska Fysiologie Aug 2001Of the common responses elicited by differences in the composition of the meal, specific effects on renal fluid-electrolyte excretion that manifest themselves as... (Review)
Review
Of the common responses elicited by differences in the composition of the meal, specific effects on renal fluid-electrolyte excretion that manifest themselves as postprandial natriuresis have attracted significant interest. Unfortunately, our understanding of their mechanisms remains incomplete. Hepatorenal reflexes, dopamin action, urodilatin secretion and NO synthesis have been the candidates most frequently cited to contribute to postprandial natriuresis. The recent identification of a novel class of natriuretic peptides named guanylins has brought a new impact on water-sodium homeostasis regulation studies. The elucidation of mechanisms of postprandial natriuresis can be of importance in the research of primary hypertension. The article briefly reviews work in this area.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Natriuresis; Postprandial Period
PubMed: 11530721
DOI: No ID Found -
Nutrients Apr 2016Postprandial hypotension (PPH), a fall in systolic blood pressure (SBP) within 2 h of a meal, may detrimentally affect gait parameters and increase the falls risk in...
Postprandial hypotension (PPH), a fall in systolic blood pressure (SBP) within 2 h of a meal, may detrimentally affect gait parameters and increase the falls risk in older people. We aimed to determine the effects of postprandial SBP on heart rate (HR), gait speed, and stride length, double-support time and swing time variability in older subjects with and without PPH. Twenty-nine subjects were studied on three days: glucose ("G"), water and walk ("WW"), glucose and walk ("GW"). Subjects consumed a glucose drink on "G" and "GW" and water on "WW". The "G" day determined which subjects had PPH. On "WW" and "GW" gait was analyzed. Sixteen subjects demonstrated PPH. In this group, there were significant changes in gait speed (p = 0.040) on "WW" and double-support time variability (p = 0.027) on "GW". The area under the curve for the change in gait parameters from baseline was not significant on any study day. Among subjects without PPH, SBP increased on "WW" (p < 0.005) and all gait parameters remained unchanged on all study days. These findings suggest that by changing gait parameters, PPH may contribute to an increased falls risk in the older person with PPH.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Blood Pressure; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Gait; Glucose; Humans; Male; Postprandial Period
PubMed: 27089361
DOI: 10.3390/nu8040219 -
IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health... May 2024People with diabetes must carefully monitor their blood glucose levels, especially after eating. Blood glucose management requires a proper combination of food intake...
People with diabetes must carefully monitor their blood glucose levels, especially after eating. Blood glucose management requires a proper combination of food intake and insulin boluses. Glucose prediction is vital to avoid dangerous post-meal complications in treating individuals with diabetes. Although traditional methods, and also artificial neural networks, have shown high accuracy rates, sometimes they are not suitable for developing personalised treatments by physicians due to their lack of interpretability. This study proposes a novel glucose prediction method emphasising interpretability: Interpretable Sparse Identification by Grammatical Evolution. Combined with a previous clustering stage, our approach provides finite difference equations to predict postprandial glucose levels up to two hours after meals. We divide the dataset into four-hour segments and perform clustering based on blood glucose values for the two-hour window before the meal. Prediction models are trained for each cluster for the two-hour windows after meals, allowing predictions in 15-minute steps, yielding up to eight predictions at different time horizons. Prediction safety was evaluated based on Parkes Error Grid regions. Our technique produces safe predictions through explainable expressions, avoiding zones D (0.2% average) and E (0%) and reducing predictions on zone C (6.2%). In addition, our proposal has slightly better accuracy than other techniques, including sparse identification of non-linear dynamics and artificial neural networks. The results demonstrate that our proposal provides interpretable solutions without sacrificing prediction accuracy, offering a promising approach to glucose prediction in diabetes management that balances accuracy, interpretability, and computational efficiency.
Topics: Humans; Postprandial Period; Blood Glucose; Machine Learning; Algorithms; Male; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Neural Networks, Computer
PubMed: 38416612
DOI: 10.1109/JBHI.2024.3371108 -
Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism 1998
Review
Topics: Coronary Disease; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Postprandial Period; Risk Factors
PubMed: 9522960
DOI: 10.1159/000012712 -
Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part... Nov 2020The postprandial period is characterized by a modification of the gastrointestinal activity after food intake, accompanied by an increase in metabolic rate, secretion of...
The postprandial period is characterized by a modification of the gastrointestinal activity after food intake, accompanied by an increase in metabolic rate, secretion of acids, and absorption of nutrients. For ectothermic vertebrates, those changes are particularly prominent given the relatively low metabolic cost and the low frequency of food uptake. However, prolonged fasting periods decrease energy reserves and may compromise the upregulation of costly processes, such as the increase in metabolic rate after resuming the meal intake. Assuming that the main source of energy needed to support such events is provided from the animal's own body reserves, our aim with this study is to test the hypothesis that the longer the period of fasting, the smaller the metabolic rate increase during the postprandial period, since lesser energy reserves trigger these increases. For this, we measured the oxygen consumption rates (V̇O ) of red-eared slider turtles, Trachemys scripta elegans, submitted to different periods of fasting (47 and 102 days), before and after the ingestion of meals equivalent to 5% of their body masses. Despite the longer fasting period, which led to a reduction of 10.77% in the body mass of the turtles, there were no differences between the two experimental groups regarding maximum V̇O values after food intake (V̇O peak), postprandial metabolic scope, mean time to V̇O peak, and postprandial duration. Results indicate that 102 fasting days does not compromise aerobic metabolic increase during postprandial period and does not impair digestive process of the turtles, even with a loss of body mass.
Topics: Animals; Basal Metabolism; Fasting; Oxygen Consumption; Postprandial Period; Turtles
PubMed: 32996720
DOI: 10.1002/jez.2416 -
European Journal of Clinical... Feb 2002Insulin is a potent stimulator of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Logically, the postprandial period is therefore a privileged time of the day for the...
AIMS
Insulin is a potent stimulator of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Logically, the postprandial period is therefore a privileged time of the day for the regulation of LPL by insulin in this tissue. It is not clear to what extent a defect such as insulin resistance could affect this regulation and contribute to postprandial, as well as fasting, hypertriglyceridaemia. The aim of the present protocol was to study the relationship between insulin resistance and LPL in adipose tissue and in plasma, in the particular context of the postprandial period.
METHODS
For this study, 26 adult nondiabetic individuals (12 women and 14 men) with a wide range of whole-body insulin-mediated glucose uptake (as assessed with an insulin suppression test) were studied. An abdominal subcutaneous fat biopsy on one occasion, and post-heparin plasma on another occasion, were obtained 4 h into a standardized meal profile administered in the fasting state.
RESULTS
Postprandial triglyceride excursions (evaluated by the incremental area under the curve during the metabolic meal profile) were inversely correlated to adipose tissue LPL mRNA levels (rho = -0.43, P < 0.03) as well as to adipose tissue LPL heparin-releasable activity (rho = -0.58, P < 0.01). Steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentrations during the insulin suppression test, a reflection of the degree of insulin resistance, were also negatively correlated to adipose tissue LPL mRNA (rho = -0.50, P < 0.02) and activity (rho = -0.56, P < 0.01). There was no correlation between plasma post-heparin LPL activity/mass and postprandial triglycerides nor with insulin resistance.
CONCLUSION
Regulation of adipose tissue LPL is significantly affected in insulin-resistant individuals in the postprandial period. This presumed impaired effect of insulin on LPL postprandially could be an important contributor to the atherogenic dyslipidaemia described in insulin resistance syndrome.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Blood Glucose; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Lipoprotein Lipase; Male; Postprandial Period; RNA, Messenger; Sex Characteristics; Triglycerides
PubMed: 11895454
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.00945.x