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The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Jun 2023To analyse the pan-genome of three black-pigmented periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens.
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the pan-genome of three black-pigmented periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens.
METHODS
Pan-genome analyses of 66, 33 and 5 publicly available whole-genome sequences of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, respectively, were performed using Pan-genome Analysis Pipeline software (version 1.2.1; Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China). Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the entire pan-genome and single nucleotide polymorphisms within the core genome. The distribution and abundance of virulence genes in the core and dispensable genomes were also compared in the three species.
RESULTS
All three species possess an open pan-genome. The core genome of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens included 1001, 1514 and 1745 orthologous groups, respectively, which were mainly related to basic cellular functions such as metabolism. The dispensable genome of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens was composed of 2814, 2689 and 906 orthologous groups, respectively, and it was enriched in genes involved in pathogenicity or with unknown functions. Phylogenetic trees presented a clear separation of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, verifying the reclassification of the black-pigmented species. Furthermore, the three species shared almost the same virulence factors involved in adhesion, proteolysis and evasion of host defences. Some of these virulence genes were conserved across species whereas others belonged to the dispensable genome, which might be acquired through horizontal gene transfer.
CONCLUSION
This study highlighted the usefulness of pan-genome analysis to infer evolutionary cues for black-pigmented species, indicating their homology and phylogenomic diversity.
Topics: Prevotella; Phylogeny; Prevotella intermedia; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella nigrescens
PubMed: 37395521
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b4128023 -
International Journal of Systematic... Jan 1998Thirty-three previously non-typable faintly pigmented Gram-negative anaerobic bacterial isolates, biochemically most closely related to Prevotella intermedia and...
Thirty-three previously non-typable faintly pigmented Gram-negative anaerobic bacterial isolates, biochemically most closely related to Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens, were analysed for enzymic reactions, cellular fatty acid (CFA) composition, electrophoretic mobility of malate and glutamate dehydrogenases, hybridization with P. intermedia and P. nigrescens species-specific oligonucleotide probes and, for genetic heterogeneity, by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR). P. intermedia ATCC 25611T and P. nigrescens ATCC 33563T were run in parallel for comparison. Twenty-nine isolates originated from the normal oral flora of 18 subjects (including five mother-child pairs), and four isolates from various infections. Except for a negative lipase reaction, enzymic profiles of the test isolates were similar to those of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens. Clustering of CFAs, electrophoretic mobility patterns, hybridization with DNA probes for P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, and AP-PCR band patterns of the test isolates differed from those of the type strains of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, suggesting the existence, in humans, of a new anaerobic species of pigmented, moderately saccharolytic, indole-positive Gram-negative rods.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Classification; DNA, Bacterial; Electrophoresis; Genetic Heterogeneity; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Immunoglobulin A; Malate Dehydrogenase; Oligonucleotide Probes; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevotella intermedia; Species Specificity; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 9542074
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-48-1-39 -
Journal of Periodontology Jan 2000The aim of this study was to determine the distribution patterns of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans...
Persistence patterns of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, and Actinobacillus actinomyetemcomitans after mechanical therapy of periodontal disease.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to determine the distribution patterns of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis patients after standard mechanical periodontal therapy, and to determine factors increasing the odds to detect these target organisms in treated sites.
METHODS
Eight hundred fifty-two (852) separate subgingival microbial samples were taken from the mesial and distal aspects of every tooth in 17 patients. Target organisms were identified culturally.
RESULTS
The 3 microorganisms showed different persistence patterns: P. gingivalis was detected in a high percentage of subjects (59%), but in a low proportion of sites (5.4%). P. intermedia/nigrescens was detected in all subjects except one, and in 40.6% of the tested sites. Only 5 subjects were A. actinomycetemcomitans positive, but 2 of them showed a very high number of positive sites (44% and 75%, respectively). A highly significant relationship was found between a subject's tendency to bleed upon sampling and the number of P. intermedia/nigrescens-positive sites. A significant portion of the variation in frequency of persisting P. gingivalis could be explained by the frequency of persisting pockets deeper than 4 mm. No similar relationship could be established between clinical parameters and A. actinomycetemcomitans. On a site level, the odds of detecting P. gingivalis increased by a factor of 2.47 (P= 0.0001) for every millimeter of residual probing depth; the odds of detecting P. intermedia/nigrescens increased by a factor of 1.84 (P= 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
If, after standard mechanical periodontal therapy, a large number of sites continue to bleed, one may expect an increased number of sites positive for P. intermedia/ nigrescens. If many deep pockets persist, a greater number of P. gingivalis-positive sites can be expected.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Scaling; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Linear Models; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella; Prevotella intermedia; Root Planing; Subgingival Curettage
PubMed: 10695934
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2000.71.1.14 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2014To investigate whether there is scientific evidence to support the hypothesis that the presence of orthodontic fixed appliances influences the oral microbiota. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether there is scientific evidence to support the hypothesis that the presence of orthodontic fixed appliances influences the oral microbiota.
METHODS
The search for articles was conducted in PubMed; ISI Web of Knowledge and Ovid databases, including articles published in English until May 17th, 2012. They should report human observational studies presenting the following keywords: "fixed orthodontic appliance" AND "microbiological colonization"; OR "periodontal pathogens"; OR "Streptococcus"; OR "Lactobacillus"; OR "Candida"; OR "Tannerella forsythia"; OR "Treponema denticola"; OR "Fusobacterium nucleatum"; OR "Actimomyces actinomycetemcomitans"; OR "Prevotella intermedia"; OR "Prevotella nigrescens"; OR "Porphyromonas gingivalis". Articles were previously selected by title and abstract. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed and classified as having low, moderate or high methodology quality. A new detailed checklist for quality assessment was developed based on the information required for applicable data extraction for reviews. The study design, sample, follow-up period, collection and microbial analysis methods, statistical treatment, results and discussion were assessed.
RESULTS
The initial search retrieved 305 articles of which 33 articles were selected by title and abstract. After full-text reading, 8 articles met the inclusion criteria, out of which 4 articles were classified as having low and 4 as moderate methodological quality. The moderate methodological quality studies were included in the systematic review.
CONCLUSIONS
The literature revealed moderate evidence that the presence of fixed appliances influences the quantity and quality of oral microbiota.
Topics: Bacteria; Dental Plaque; Humans; Mouth; Orthodontic Appliances
PubMed: 24945514
DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.19.2.046-055.oar -
Journal of Cystic Fibrosis : Official... Jul 2021In Cystic Fibrosis (CF) airways, the dehydrated, thick mucus promotes the establishment of persistent polymicrobial infections and drives chronic airways inflammation....
BACKGROUND
In Cystic Fibrosis (CF) airways, the dehydrated, thick mucus promotes the establishment of persistent polymicrobial infections and drives chronic airways inflammation. This also predisposes the airways to further infections, the vicious, self-perpetuating cycle causing lung damage and progressive lung function decline. The airways are a poly-microbial environment, containing both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections contribute to the excessive inflammatory response in CF, but the role of anaerobic Prevotella spp., frequently found in CF airways, is not known.
MATERIALS
We assessed innate immune signalling in CF airway epithelial cells in response to clinical strains of P. histicola, P. nigresens and P. aeruginosa. CFBE41o- cells were infected with P. aeruginosa (MOI 100, 2h) followed by infection with P. histicola or P. nigrescens (MOI 100, 2h). Cells were incubated under anaerobic conditions for the duration of the experiments.
RESULTS
Our study shows that P. histicola and P. nigresens can reduce the growth of P. aeruginosa and dampen the inflammatory response in airway epithelial cells. We specifically illustrate that the presence of the investigated Prevotella spp. reduces Toll-like-receptor (TLR)-4, MAPK, NF-κB(p65) signalling and cytokine release (Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8) in mixed infections.
CONCLUSION
Our work, for the first time, strongly indicates a relationship between P. aeruginosa and anaerobic Prevotella spp.. The observed modified NF-κB and MAPK signalling indicates some mechanisms underlying this interaction that could offer a novel therapeutic approach to combat chronic P. aeruginosa infection in people with CF.
Topics: Bronchi; Cells, Cultured; Cystic Fibrosis; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Prevotella; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Respiratory Mucosa
PubMed: 34112603
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.04.012 -
Oral Microbiology and Immunology Aug 2009The Prevotella intermedia group bacteria, namely P. intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella pallens, are phylogenetically closely related and potentially...
INTRODUCTION
The Prevotella intermedia group bacteria, namely P. intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella pallens, are phylogenetically closely related and potentially connected with oral and gastrointestinal tract disease pathogenesis. The aim of the present study was to examine whether these species differ in their capabilities of adhesion to and invasion of epithelial cells.
METHODS
Adhesion and invasion were assayed by standard antibiotic/culture assays and fluorescent microscopy techniques. The effect of Prevotella strains on epithelial cell viability was measured using a commercial cell proliferation assay.
RESULTS
The strains P. intermedia ATCC 25611 and P. nigrescens ATCC 33263 adhered to epithelial cells, the adhesion numbers of P. intermedia being twice as high as those of P. nigrescens. These strains invaded epithelial cells but invasion was weak. The adhesion of P. intermedia was specifically targeted to epithelial cell lamellipodia. The number of adhered P. intermedia cells increased or decreased when the formation of lamellipodia was stimulated or inhibited, respectively. None of the tested strains showed toxic effects on epithelial cells; a clinical P. intermedia strain even increased the number of viable cells by about 20%.
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that among the P. intermedia group bacteria, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens type strains can adhere to and invade epithelial cells, the capability of P. intermedia ATCC 25611(T) being highest in this context. This strain proved to have a special affinity in binding to epithelial cell lamellipodia.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Keratinocytes; Prevotella intermedia; Prevotella nigrescens; Pseudopodia; Skin; Species Specificity; Virulence
PubMed: 19572892
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00510.x -
Veterinary Microbiology May 2017Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease that causes occlusion change, tooth loss, difficulty in rumination, and premature culling of animals. This study...
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease that causes occlusion change, tooth loss, difficulty in rumination, and premature culling of animals. This study aimed to detect species of the genera Porphyromonas and Prevotella present in the periodontal pocket of sheep with lesions deeper than 5mm (n=14) and in the gingival sulcus of animals considered periodontally healthy (n=20). The presence of microorganisms was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas gulae, Prevotella buccae, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella loescheii, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella oralis, and Prevotella tannerae. Prevalence and risk analysis were performed using Student's t-test and Spearman's correlation. Among the Prevotella and Porphyromonas species detected in the periodontal lesions of sheep, P. melaninogenica (85.7%), P. buccae (64.3%), P. gingivalis (50%), and P. endodontalis (50%) were most prevalent. P. gingivalis (15%) and P. oralis (10%) prevailed in the gingival sulcus. P. gulae and P. tannerae were not detected in the 34 samples studied. Data evaluation by t-test verified that occurrence of P. asaccharolytica, P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, P. buccae, P. intermedia, P. melalinogenica, and P. nigrescens correlated with sheep periodontitis. The findings of this study will be an important contribution to research on pathogenesis of sheep periodontitis and development of its control measures.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Biofilms; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Porphyromonas; Prevotella; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 28619155
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.032 -
Anaerobe Aug 1997A collection of 70 oral strains including reference strains and clinical isolates identified as Prevotella intermedia sensu lato was constituted to cover a large...
A collection of 70 oral strains including reference strains and clinical isolates identified as Prevotella intermedia sensu lato was constituted to cover a large clinical and geographical diversity. Electrophoresis of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase allowed the identification of the 70 study strains as Prevotella intermedia sensu stricto (n= 36), Prevotella nigrescens (n= 31) and three unclassified strains. By using four primers, DNA fingerprints were generated from 20 strains as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Matching co-migrating amplicon positions by pairwise comparison allowed the clustering of the fingerprints as two groups coincident with the P. intermedia/P. nigrescens assignment by enzyme electrophoresis of malate dehydrogenase. Our data suggest that isolates identified asP. intermedia sensu lato by conventional criteria can be speciated asP. intermedia sensu stricto or P. nigrescens by RAPD fingerprinting.
PubMed: 16887601
DOI: 10.1006/anae.1997.0077 -
Oral Microbiology and Immunology Jun 2002The ability of Prevotella nigrescens to utilize and bind to hemoglobin was investigated. Growth studies showed that P. nigrescens was able to utilize hemoglobin...
The ability of Prevotella nigrescens to utilize and bind to hemoglobin was investigated. Growth studies showed that P. nigrescens was able to utilize hemoglobin efficiently as an iron source. Binding of P. nigrescens to hemoglobin was demonstrated by dot blot assay. Heat and trypsin treatments of the bacteria led to a decrease in activity. Globin gave nearly complete inhibition of activity. Additionally, lactoferrin partially inhibited activity. In contrast, transferrin, cytochrome C and catalase exerted little or no inhibitory effect. Although the sugars tested did not affect activity, several of the amino acids tested, including arginine, cysteine, histidine and lysine, inhibited activity. In a solid phase assay, 41-, 56- and 59-kDa proteins of P. nigrescens reacted with hemoglobin. These results suggest that P. nigrescens utilizes hemoglobin for growth and 41-, 56- and 59-kDa proteins may be involved in hemoglobin binding.
Topics: Arginine; Bacterial Proteins; Catalase; Cysteine; Cytochrome c Group; Disaccharides; Globins; Hemoglobins; Hexoses; Histidine; Hot Temperature; Humans; Immunoblotting; Iron; Lactoferrin; Lysine; Prevotella; Protein Binding; Transferrin; Trypsin
PubMed: 12030967
DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2002.170304.x -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Jun 2017Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens is one of the well-known pathogens causing periodontal diseases, and the red florescence excited by the visible blue light caused by the...
BACKGROUND
Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens is one of the well-known pathogens causing periodontal diseases, and the red florescence excited by the visible blue light caused by the protoporphyrin IX in the bacterial cells could be useful for the chair-side detection. The aim of this study was to evaluated levels of periodontal pathogen, especially P. intermedia in clinical samples of red fluorescent dental plaque.
METHODS
Thirty two supra gingival plaque samples from six individuals were measured its fluorescence at 640nm wavelength excited by 409nm. Periodontopathic bacteria were counted by the Invader PLUS PCR assay. Co-relations the fluorescence intensity and bacterial counts were analyzed by Person's correlation coefficient and simple and multiple regression analysis. Positive and negative predictive values of the fluorescence intensities for with or without P. intermedia in supragingival plaque was calculated.
RESULTS
When relative fluorescence unit (RFU) were logarithmic transformed, statistically significant linear relations between RFU and bacterial counts were obtained for P. intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia. By the multiple regression analysis, only P. intermedia had statistically significant co-relation with fluorescence intensities. All of the fluorescent dental plaque contained P. intermedia m. In contrast, 28% of non-fluorescent plaques contained P. intermedia.
CONCLUSION
To check the fluorescence dental plaque in the oral cavity could be the simple chair-side screening of the mature dental plaque before examining the periodontal pathogens especially P. intermedia by the PCR method.
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Load; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Dental Plaque; Female; Humans; Male; Photosensitizing Agents; Point-of-Care Systems; Prevotella intermedia; Protoporphyrins; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
PubMed: 28457849
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.04.010