-
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2018: Oral microbiota has been at the center of cultural attention in recent years. In daily clinical practice, orthodontic appliances may be associated with an increased... (Review)
Review
: Oral microbiota has been at the center of cultural attention in recent years. In daily clinical practice, orthodontic appliances may be associated with an increased cariogenic risk and a worsening of preexisting periodontal diseases. : The purpose of this review is to investigate the available evidence regarding the association between orthodontic appliances and changes in the quality and quantity of the oral microbiota. : The research included every article published up to October 2017 featuring the keywords 'Orthodontic appliance* AND (microbiological colonization OR periodontal pathogen* OR OR spp. OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR )' and was conducted in the major medical databases. The methodological quality of selected papers was scored using the 'Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies' (SBU) method. : Orthodontic appliances influence the oral microbiota with an increase in the counts of and spp. and in the percentage of potentially pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. : There is moderate/high evidence regarding the association between orthodontic appliances and changes in the oral microbiota. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018091589.
PubMed: 29988826
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1476645 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Jan 1996Prevotella intermedia and the newly described P. nigrescens cannot be reliably distinguished by phenotypic tests. In this study, restriction endonuclease digestion of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Prevotella intermedia and the newly described P. nigrescens cannot be reliably distinguished by phenotypic tests. In this study, restriction endonuclease digestion of amplified 16S rDNA (16S rDNA PCR-RFLP) was used to generate restriction profiles of the type strains of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens and 43 fresh isolates identified as belonging to one of the two species. Whole-cell protein profiles were obtained by SDS-PAGE for comparative purposes. The type strains of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens were easily distinguished by 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP and the fresh isolates were assigned to either species on the basis of their restriction profiles. The identifications obtained were identical to those obtained by protein profiles. 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP is a rapid and reliable method for the differentiation of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Prevotella; Prevotella intermedia; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 8544210
DOI: 10.1099/00222615-44-1-41 -
Letters in Applied Microbiology Jun 2024
PubMed: 38907615
DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae058 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Mar 2010Two anaerobic, pigmented, non-spore-forming, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped strains isolated from the human oral cavity, OMA31(T) and OMA130, were characterized by...
Two anaerobic, pigmented, non-spore-forming, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped strains isolated from the human oral cavity, OMA31(T) and OMA130, were characterized by determining their phenotypic and biochemical features, cellular fatty acid profiles and phylogenetic positions based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the new isolates belonged to a single species of the genus Prevotella. The two isolates showed 100 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and were most closely related to Prevotella intermedia ATCC 25611(T) with 96.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity; the next most closely related strains to the isolates were Prevotella pallens AHN 10371(T) (96.1 %) and Prevotella falsenii JCM 15124(T) (95.3 %). Phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of the isolates were the same as those of P. intermedia JCM 12248(T), P. falsenii JCM 15124(T) and Prevotella nigrescens JCM 12250(T). The isolates could be differentiated from P. pallens JCM 11140( T) by mannose fermentation and alpha-fucosidase activity. Conventional biochemical tests were unable to differentiate the new isolates from P. intermedia, P. falsenii and P. nigrescens. However, hsp60 gene sequence analysis suggested that strain OMA31(T) was not a representative of P. intermedia, P. pallens, P. falsenii or P. nigrescens. Based on these data, a novel species of the genus Prevotella, Prevotella aurantiaca sp. nov., is proposed, with OMA31(T) (=JCM 15754(T)=CCUG 57723(T)) as the type strain.
Topics: DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Acids; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Mouth; Periodontitis; Phylogeny; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 19654360
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.012831-0 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology Oct 2022Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fifth most diagnosed cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, CRC incidence rates tripled from 1997 to 2017. In the Moi Teaching and...
BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fifth most diagnosed cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, CRC incidence rates tripled from 1997 to 2017. In the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, there has been an increase in CRC cases, notably for younger patients. A suggested pathobiology for this increase is gut microbiome dysbiosis. Since, for the Kenyan CRC patient population, microbiome studies are rare, there is a need for a better understanding of how microbiome dysbiosis influences CRC epidemiology in Kenya. In this single-center study, the focus was on profiling the gut microbiome of Kenyan CRC patients and healthy volunteers and evaluating associations between microbiome profiles and the age of CRC patients.
METHODS
The gut mucosa-associated microbiome of 18 CRC patients and 18 healthy controls were determined by 16S rRNA sequencing and analyzed for alpha and beta diversity, differential abundance, and microbial metabolic profiling.
RESULTS
Alpha diversity metrics showed no significant differences, but beta diversity metrics showed dissimilarities in the microbial communities between CRC patients and healthy controls. The most underrepresented species in the CRC group were () and (), although () and were overrepresented (linear discriminant analysis, LDA score >2, P<0.05). Also, for CRC patients, significant metagenomic functional alterations were evident in microbial glutamate metabolic pathways (L-glutamate degradation VIII was enriched, and L-glutamate and L-glutamine biosynthesis were diminished) (P<0.05, log2 Fold Change >1). Moreover, the microbiome composition was different for patients under 40 years of age compared to older patients (LDA score >2, P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Microbiome and microbial metabolic profiles of CRC patients are different from those of healthy individuals. CRC microbiome dysbiosis, particularly and depletion and glutamate metabolic alterations, are evident in Kenyan CRC patients.
PubMed: 36388691
DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-116 -
Journal of Endodontics Jan 2009Periradicular lesions are primarily evoked as a response to a bacterial challenge emanating from an infected root canal. Many bacteria such as those of the genera...
Periradicular lesions are primarily evoked as a response to a bacterial challenge emanating from an infected root canal. Many bacteria such as those of the genera Porphyromonas, Prevotella, and others have been isolated from infected root canals. The cause of periradicular lesions is related to the destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as interstitial collagenase (MMP-1), gelatinase A (MMP-2), gelatinase B (MMP-9), and so on are products of inflammatory cells and, once activated, are intimately involved in the degradation of the ECM. However, there are no reports regarding the destruction of the ECM by bacterial extracts from Prevotella nigrescens (P. nigrescens). The present study was conducted to evaluate the activating effect of a whole-cell extract (WCE) of P. nigrescens on proMMP-2 and proMMP-9. P. nigrescens WCE was mixed with proMMP-2 or proMMP-9 under many conditions, and the activation of these MMPs was determined by gelatin zymography. A band indicating a lower molecular weight of 66 kd or 84 kd, which migrated faster than the band of proMMP-2 (72 kd) or proMMP-9 (92 kd) respectively, was detected, which could be the active form of either MMP. The present study suggests that P. nigrescens might be able to activate proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 in vivo and that this activation might be related to the destruction of periapical tissues.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Culture Media, Conditioned; Dithiothreitol; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Precursors; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Gelatin; Gelatinases; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Prevotella nigrescens; Protease Inhibitors
PubMed: 19084125
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.09.012 -
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Jun 2007Periodontitis is an infectious disease, but the specific mechanisms by which tooth-supportive tissues are lost remain obscure. This article proposes an infectious... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Periodontitis is an infectious disease, but the specific mechanisms by which tooth-supportive tissues are lost remain obscure. This article proposes an infectious disease model for periodontitis in which herpesviral-bacterial interactions assume a major etiopathogenic role.
RECENT FINDINGS
Epstein-Barr virus type 1, cytomegalovirus and other herpesviruses occur at a high frequency in aggressive periodontitis lesions. Also, herpesvirus-infected periodontitis lesions tend to harbor elevated levels of classic periodontopathic bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Dialister pneumosintes, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Campylobacter rectus, Treponema denticola and Actinobacillus (Aggregatibacter) actinomycetemcomitans.
SUMMARY
Conceivably, a herpesvirus active infection in the periodontium impairs local defenses, thereby permitting overgrowth and increased aggressiveness of periodontopathic bacteria. In turn, periodontal pathogenic bacteria may augment the virulence of periodontal herpesviruses. It is suggested that interactions among herpesviruses and specific bacterial species constitute an important pathogenetic feature of periodontitis and maybe also of various non-oral infections.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Herpesviridae; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Periodontitis; Virulence
PubMed: 17471038
DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3280964da0 -
Oral Microbiology and Immunology Aug 2009The former Bacteroides intermedius, currently including Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens, has been associated with hormone-induced pregnancy gingivitis....
INTRODUCTION
The former Bacteroides intermedius, currently including Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens, has been associated with hormone-induced pregnancy gingivitis. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to determine whether only P. intermedia or P. nigrescens, or both species, are involved in the demonstrated microbial shift during pregnancy.
METHODS
Subgingival plaque and saliva samples, collected from 30 healthy pregnant women and 24 healthy non-pregnant women as their controls, were examined for the presence of pigmented gram-negative anaerobes. Altogether 2628 isolates were preliminarily identified as P. intermedia sensu lato, based on phenotypic testing. Their further identification was performed by using a 16S ribosomal DNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
RESULTS
A mean of 8.3 P. intermedia sensu lato isolates from each subject/sampling was examined. During the second trimester, the mean number of P. intermedia sensu lato in plaque increased along with increasing signs of pregnancy gingivitis, and then both decreased. After delivery, gingival inflammation still decreased while the number of P. intermedia sensu lato transiently increased both in plaque and saliva. In the present study, the vast majority of isolates (95.3%) proved to be P. nigrescens and 2.5% were P. intermedia. The remaining 2.2% of the isolates could not be identified with PCR as P. intermedia or P. nigrescens. The corresponding percentages in the control population were 94.2%, 5.5%, and 0.3%.
CONCLUSION
In the oral cavity of relatively young women without periodontitis, P. nigrescens, unlike P. intermedia, is a frequent finding. Conceivably, pregnant women harbor increasing numbers of P. nigrescens associated with pregnancy gingivitis.
Topics: Adult; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Case-Control Studies; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Dental Plaque; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Prevotella intermedia; Prevotella nigrescens; Saliva; Species Specificity
PubMed: 19572891
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00509.x -
Journal of Endodontics Dec 2006The purpose of this study was to monitor the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) produced by an...
The purpose of this study was to monitor the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) produced by an osteoblastic cell line MG63 stimulated with Prevotella nigrescens lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and to compare the level of secretion before and after the P. nigrescens LPS was treated with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]. The underlying hypothesis is that the balance between MMP and TIMP secretion is the key to an understanding of the host degradative pathways involved in the pathogenesis of bacterial derived pulpal and periapical diseases. Confluent monolayers of MG63 human osteosarcoma cells were exposed to varying concentrations of P. nigrescens or Escherichia coli LPS. Alternately, confluent cultures were exposed to 10 microg/ml of bacterial LPS pretreated with Ca(OH)2 (12.5 mg/ml) for 72 hours. At the end of the experimental period, total RNA was extracted and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for MMP-1, TIMP-1, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The results showed that the expression of MMP-1 mRNA was low and invariant for the experimental period in the negative controls. However, exposure to P. nigrescens LPS increased expression after 48 hours. Expression of TIMP-1 mRNA was highly increased at 24 and 48 hours with lower concentrations of LPS in contrast to a suppression with a concentration of 10 microg/ml. Treatment of P. nigrescens LPS with Ca(OH)2 resulted in a down-regulation of MMP-1, whereas pretreated E. coli LPS demonstrated no stimulatory activity for MMP-1 gene expression. Both types of LPS when pretreated with Ca(OH)2 induced slightly up-regulated expression of TIMP-1.
Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Cell Line, Tumor; Gene Expression; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Osteoblasts; Prevotella nigrescens; Root Canal Irrigants; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1
PubMed: 17174669
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2006.05.002 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Jun 2023To analyse the pan-genome of three black-pigmented periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens.
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the pan-genome of three black-pigmented periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens.
METHODS
Pan-genome analyses of 66, 33 and 5 publicly available whole-genome sequences of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, respectively, were performed using Pan-genome Analysis Pipeline software (version 1.2.1; Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China). Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the entire pan-genome and single nucleotide polymorphisms within the core genome. The distribution and abundance of virulence genes in the core and dispensable genomes were also compared in the three species.
RESULTS
All three species possess an open pan-genome. The core genome of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens included 1001, 1514 and 1745 orthologous groups, respectively, which were mainly related to basic cellular functions such as metabolism. The dispensable genome of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens was composed of 2814, 2689 and 906 orthologous groups, respectively, and it was enriched in genes involved in pathogenicity or with unknown functions. Phylogenetic trees presented a clear separation of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, verifying the reclassification of the black-pigmented species. Furthermore, the three species shared almost the same virulence factors involved in adhesion, proteolysis and evasion of host defences. Some of these virulence genes were conserved across species whereas others belonged to the dispensable genome, which might be acquired through horizontal gene transfer.
CONCLUSION
This study highlighted the usefulness of pan-genome analysis to infer evolutionary cues for black-pigmented species, indicating their homology and phylogenomic diversity.
Topics: Prevotella; Phylogeny; Prevotella intermedia; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella nigrescens
PubMed: 37395521
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b4128023