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Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Mar 1984Poisoning signs in chicks administered the organophosphorus insecticide profenofos correlated with in vivo inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity....
Poisoning signs in chicks administered the organophosphorus insecticide profenofos correlated with in vivo inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Mixtures of atropine with eserine, pyridinium oximes, or the bispyridinium compound SAD-128 increased the LD50 of coadministered profenofos by up to sevenfold in chicks and fourfold in mice. Atropine and the oximes were less effective as profenofos antidotes, indicating that profenofos-inhibited AChE may undergo rapid aging. Brain AChE from chicks poisoned with profenofos was not reactivated by pralidoxime methanesulfonate, although it was from chicks poisoned with the phosphoramidothiolate, methamidophos. Similarly, eel AChE, inhibited in vitro by bioactivated (-)-profenofos, the most toxic isomer, did not reactivate in contrast to that inhibited by methamidophos, nonbioactivated (-)-profenofos, and (+)-profenofos, with or without bioactivation. It appears that the action of eserine and possibly SAD-128 was due to protecting AChE or cholinergic receptors from profenofos or bioactivated profenofos and that oximes may work in the same way rather than as reactivators due to rapid aging of the inhibited AChE.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Antidotes; Atropine; Brain; Chickens; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterase Reactivators; In Vitro Techniques; Insecticides; Male; Mice; Organothiophosphates; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 6710513
DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(84)90047-4 -
The Science of the Total Environment Mar 2023Profenofos residues in the environment pose a high risk to mammals and non-target organisms. In this study, the biodegradation and detoxification of profenofos in an...
Profenofos residues in the environment pose a high risk to mammals and non-target organisms. In this study, the biodegradation and detoxification of profenofos in an efficient degrading strain, Cupriavidus nantongensis X1, was investigated. Strain X1 could degrade 88.82 % of 20 mg/L profenofos in 48 h. The optimum temperature and inoculation amount of strain X1 for the degradation of profenofos were 30-37 °C and 20 % (V/V), respectively. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that strain X1 could degrade both profenofos and its main metabolite 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol. Metabolite toxicity analysis results showed that dehalogenation was the main detoxification step in profenofos biodegradation. The key gene and enzyme for profenofos degradation in strain X1 were also explored. RT-qPCR shows that organophosphorus hydrolase (OpdB) was the key enzyme to control the hydrolysis process in strain X1. The purified enzyme OpdB in vitro had the same degradation characteristics as strain X1. Divalent metal cations could significantly enhance the hydrolysis activity of strain X1 and enzyme OpdB. Meanwhile, strain X1 could degrade 60.89 % of 20 mg/L profenofos in actual field soil within 72 h. This study provides an efficient biological resource for the remediation of profenofos residual pollution in the environment.
Topics: Animals; Insecticides; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphates; Biodegradation, Environmental; Mammals
PubMed: 36513234
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160782 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jan 2015Profenofos (PF) is one of the heavily used organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) of which its contamination is ubiquitous in an agricultural area. This study aims to...
Profenofos (PF) is one of the heavily used organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) of which its contamination is ubiquitous in an agricultural area. This study aims to acquire and characterize PF-degrading bacterial cultures from contaminated soil. OPP degradation by the novel isolates was then investigated. The experiment was performed at the initial PF concentration of 20 mg/L. The result showed that the enriched consortium comprised three predominant PF-degrading strains designated as PF1, PF2, and PF3. The isolates (PF1, PF2, and PF3) were characterized as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and P. aeruginosa, respectively. A consortium and all isolates could utilize PF as a sole carbon source with PF removal of more than 90% via a hydrolysis process. The bacterial growth and PF degradation rates followed the first-order kinetic reaction with the rates of 0.4 to 2.7/h and 0.15 to 1.96/h, respectively. Additional carbon supplement deteriorated PF biodegradation. The enriched cultures were also capable for degrading chlorpyrifos and dicrotophos pesticides (33-73% removal). The results indicated that the consortium and isolates are efficient for PF and other OPP degradation and have potential for PF remediation.
Topics: Agriculture; Biodegradation, Environmental; Capsicum; Chlorpyrifos; Insecticides; Microbial Consortia; Organophosphorus Compounds; Organothiophosphates; Pseudomonas; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 25065481
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3354-1 -
Comparative Biochemistry and... Apr 2021The present study was aimed to assess the acute toxicity of organophosphate pesticide, profenofos; synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, λ cyhalothrin and biopesticide,...
Acute toxicity of organophosphate pesticide profenofos, pyrethroid pesticide λ cyhalothrin and biopesticide azadirachtin and their sublethal effects on growth and oxidative stress enzymes in benthic oligochaete worm, Tubifex tubifex.
The present study was aimed to assess the acute toxicity of organophosphate pesticide, profenofos; synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, λ cyhalothrin and biopesticide, azadirachtin and their sublethal effects on growth rate and oxidative stress biomarkers in Tubifex tubifex in vivo. The results showed that 96 h LC value of profenofos, λ cyhalothrin and azadirachtin to Tubifex tubifex are 0.59, 0.13 and 82.15 mg L respectively. Pesticide treated worms showed several behavioral abnormalities including increased mucus secretion, erratic movements, wrinkling activity and decreased clumping tendency during acute exposure. The percentage of autotomy increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increasing concentration of the pesticides at 96 h of exposure. Sublethal concentrations of profenofos (0.059 and 0.118 mg L), λ cyhalothrin (0.013 and 0.026 mg L) and azadirachtin (8.2 and 16.4 mg L) caused significant alterations in growth rate and oxidative stress enzymes in T. tubifex during 14 days exposure period. The growth rate of the pesticide exposed worms decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in a concentration and duration-dependent manner. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) demonstrated a noteworthy (p < 0.05) initial induction followed by a subsequent reduction, while catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited noteworthy induction (p < 0.05) all through the exposure time. Through principal component analysis, correlation matrix, and integrated biomarker response, the effects of profenofos, λ cyhalothrin and azadirachtin on T. tubifex were distinguished. These results indicate that exposure to profenofos, λ cyhalothrin and azadirachtin affect survivability, change the behavioral responses, reduce the growth rate and induce oxidative stress enzymes in T. tubifex.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biomarkers; Insecticides; Limonins; Nitriles; Oligochaeta; Organothiophosphates; Oxidative Stress; Pyrethrins
PubMed: 33220514
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108943 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Mar 2020Profenofos insecticide is one of the most broadly used organophosphorus pesticides causing the contamination of soil and groundwater. Since dissolved oxygen...
Profenofos insecticide is one of the most broadly used organophosphorus pesticides causing the contamination of soil and groundwater. Since dissolved oxygen concentration in groundwater is limited, this study aimed to investigate profenofos biodegradation and detoxification under aerobic and anoxic conditions using the profenofos-degrading Pseudomonas plecoglossicida strain PF1 (PF1). Anoxic biodegradation under the presence of nitrate was the focus. The results showed that profenofos at 10-150 mg/L was degraded under aerobic and anoxic conditions with removal efficiencies of 38-55% and 27-45%, respectively. Kinetic analysis following the Michaelis-Menten model revealed that the maximum substrate degradation rates and the Michaelis constants were 13.07 and 8.92 mg/L/d and 92.07 and 84.76 mg/L under aerobic and anoxic conditions, respectively. The culture preferred an aerobic environment resulting in better biodegradation performance. During the degradation experiment, 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol and 1,1-dimethylethylphenol were detected as profenofos biodegradation intermediate products. Microbial toxicity, phytotoxicity, and cytogenotoxicity assays showed that the toxicity of the contaminated water significantly decreased after both aerobic and anoxic biodegradation by PF1. The results from this study indicated that PF1 has the potential for bioremediation in a profenofos-contaminated environment under the presence or absence of oxygen.
Topics: Animals; Biodegradation, Environmental; Chlorophenols; Coleoptera; Groundwater; Inactivation, Metabolic; Insecticides; Kinetics; Nitrates; Organothiophosphates; Oxygen; Pesticides; Pseudomonas
PubMed: 31884327
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110129 -
Forensic Science International Feb 2001Profenofos and its metabolites were determined in a case of fatal poisoning. Little profenofos and large amounts of metabolites were detected by gas chromatography/flame...
Profenofos and its metabolites were determined in a case of fatal poisoning. Little profenofos and large amounts of metabolites were detected by gas chromatography/flame photometric detection in the acid extracts of blood and urine after methylation with diazomethane. Four major metabolites containing phosphorus were identified with the synthesized metabolites, namely, despropylated profenofos, desethylated profenofos and des-S-propylated profenofos, respectively. 4-Bromo-2-chlorophenol (BCP), an aryl moiety of profenofos, was also determined in blood and urine with high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) as free or conjugated metabolites.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autopsy; Cause of Death; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Overdose; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Insecticides; Organophosphate Poisoning; Organothiophosphates; Suicide
PubMed: 11182275
DOI: 10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00377-7 -
Environmental Technology Jan 2023Among the organophosphate pesticides, the wide and indiscriminate use of profenofos (PFF) in agricultural and horticultural crops has resulted in serious environmental...
Among the organophosphate pesticides, the wide and indiscriminate use of profenofos (PFF) in agricultural and horticultural crops has resulted in serious environmental and animal health concerns and therefore demands an urgent need to develop a biological solution for its effective removal from the environment. For the bioremediation of PFF, a strain PF1, capable of utilizing profenofos as the sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from the soil samples of apple orchards of Shimla region of Himachal Pradesh, India. Based on the biochemical, FAME, and 16S rRNA gene analysis the bacterium PF1 was identified as (GenBank: MH986176). The strain was able to degrade 50μg mL PFF up to 93% within 30 days of incubation at 28°C, pH 7.0. A linear regression analysis performed on the data-set revealed the statistical significance of the relationship between the growth of the bacterial population and the degradation of pesticides. The compound 4-Bromo-2-chlorophenol (BCP) was detected as one of the pathway metabolites which further were completely degraded to lower pathway metabolites. A probable PFF degradation pathway has been proposed which follows the path from PFF to BCP and ultimately enters into the TCA cycle. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of PFF biodegradation by any species of western Himalayan origin exhibiting close phylogenetic association with . This indigenous bacterium can be useful to bio-remediate the PFF contaminated soil as this pesticide is extensively used in the different horticulture fields in Himachal Pradesh, India.
Topics: Animals; Pesticides; Organophosphorus Compounds; Biodegradation, Environmental; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; Bacillus; Chlorophenols; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 34469281
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1976282 -
Biomedical Chromatography : BMC Apr 2022Herein we report a novel, accurate and cost-effective gas chromatography method for the determination of average deposits of profenofos on green pea and cucumber...
Herein we report a novel, accurate and cost-effective gas chromatography method for the determination of average deposits of profenofos on green pea and cucumber following good agricultural practices. Additionally the risk assessment, dissipation and waiting period for profenofos were determined. The average initial deposits (2 h after spraying) of profenofos in/on green pea and cucumber were 3.41 and 3.62 mg kg respectively following two applications at a 10 day interval of profenofos 50EC formulation. Profenofos residues on both of the substrates were below the detection limit of 0.05 mg kg after 20 days at the recommended dosage. For risk assessment studies, the 20th day will be safe for consumers for consumption of green peas. The gas chromatography method was validated according to the SANTE guidelines using the various analytical parameters: linearity, accuracy, detection and quantification limits. The developed method is simple, selective and repeatable and can be extended for profenofos-based standardization of pesticide formulations for green pea/cucumber and their use as pesticides.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cucumis sativus; Organothiophosphates; Pisum sativum; Pesticide Residues
PubMed: 35023162
DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5335 -
Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam,... Dec 2022In this work, an interference-resistant electrochemical aptasensor that could detect profenofos in vegetables was constructed based on complexes of graphene oxide and...
In this work, an interference-resistant electrochemical aptasensor that could detect profenofos in vegetables was constructed based on complexes of graphene oxide and polyaniline (GO@PANI) and gold nanoparticles-tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (Au-TDN). Compared with a single chain aptamer, the tetrahedral DNA nanostructure is highly stable and allows the aptamer on this structure to stand in a highly ordered position on an electrode surface. Moreover, the AuNPs are biocompatible and can protect the activity of the aptamer, which can improve the assembly success rate of Au-TDN. Besides, the conductivity of PANI had been tremendously enhanced thanks to the existence of GO, which improved the dispersion of PANI. The GO@PANI was prepared by a chemical synthesis method, which had a large surface area and was able to adsorb many Au-TDN. Under optimal working parameters, the constructed aptasensor exhibited good electrochemical sensing performance with a detection limit of 10.50 pg/mL and a linear range of 1.0 × 10-1.0 × 10 pg/mL. In addition, it was employed in detecting profenofos in vegetables with a good recovery rate of 90.41-116.37 %. More importantly, the aptasensor also has excellent stability and high selectivity. This study provides a promising method to avoid interference in the detection of profenofos by sensors.
Topics: Aniline Compounds; Biosensing Techniques; DNA; Electrochemical Techniques; Gold; Graphite; Metal Nanoparticles; Nanostructures; Organothiophosphates
PubMed: 35973324
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108227 -
Mikrochimica Acta Aug 2023A split-type photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor was designed for the detection of profenofos (PFF) depending on the magnetic-assisted exciton-plasmon interactions (EPI)...
A split-type photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor was designed for the detection of profenofos (PFF) depending on the magnetic-assisted exciton-plasmon interactions (EPI) between the semiconductor substrate and Au NPs. The core-shell BiS nanorods@MoS nanosheets (BiS NRs@MoS NSs) heterostructure nanomaterial with fascinating performance was synthesized and used as the photovoltaic conversion substrate and signal molecules absorption platform. The PEC sensor is operated by co-incubating with the released Au NPs-cDNA from the surface of magnetic beads, originating from the target-triggered DNA double-stranded structure opening event. Due to the strong EPI effects, the photocurrent of BiS NRs@MoS NSs decreased and varied with the PFF concentrations. The proposed PEC sensor exhibited outstanding analytical performances, including a wide linear range (1.0 pg mL~1.0 μg mL), low detection limitation (0.23 pg mL, at 3 σ/m), excellent specificity, high stability, and applicability. Overall, this work provides a new signal strategy for PEC biosensors and extends its application in environmental analysis.
Topics: Molybdenum; Electrochemical Techniques; Nanotubes; Magnetic Phenomena
PubMed: 37574467
DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05927-4