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Future Microbiology Sep 2019Sarecycline is a novel, narrow-spectrum, once-daily tetracycline-derived oral antibiotic that is FDA-approved in the US to be taken with or without food for... (Review)
Review
Sarecycline is a novel, narrow-spectrum, once-daily tetracycline-derived oral antibiotic that is FDA-approved in the US to be taken with or without food for moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris for ages 9 years of age and older. Sarecycline possesses anti-inflammatory properties and potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including activity against multiple strains of , while exhibiting minimal activity against enteric aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. Unlike many acne studies, sarecycline was investigated for chest and back acne. Significant reduction in inflammatory lesions was seen at week 12 at 1.5 mg/kg/day of sarecycline, with statistically significant improvement seen as early as week 3. No reports of phototoxicity, dizziness, pseudotumor cerebri or lupus but 1.2% nausea and 1.2% vaginal candidiasis was reported in the pivotal Phase III studies.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacteria; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Propionibacteriaceae; Tetracyclines
PubMed: 31475868
DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0199 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Dec 2012Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strains isolated from a pharmaceutical clean room (strain WS4616(T)), a dessert milk product (strain WS4617) and from raw...
Four Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterial strains isolated from a pharmaceutical clean room (strain WS4616(T)), a dessert milk product (strain WS4617) and from raw milk (strains WS4623 and WS4624) were characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and recA gene sequences showed that they formed a distinct lineage within the family Propionibacteriaceae. Similarity values between 16S rRNA gene sequences of the four novel strains and the type species of all genera belonging to the family Propionibacteriaceae were 89.2-94.1%. The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C(15:0) and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. Respiratory quinones were MK-8(H(4)) and MK-9(H(4)). The cell-wall peptidoglycan of type A3γ contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain WS4616(T) was 67.7 mol%. The whole-cell sugar pattern contained ribose, mannose, arabinose, glucose and galactose. On the basis of phenotypic and genetic data, strains WS4616(T), WS4617, WS4623 and WS4624 are classified as members of a novel species in a new genus of the family Propionibacteriaceae, for which the name Naumannella halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WS4616(T) ( = DSM 24323(T) = LMG 26184(T)) and three additional strains are WS4617, WS4623 and WS4624.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Carbohydrates; DNA, Bacterial; Dairy Products; Environment, Controlled; Fatty Acids; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phylogeny; Propionibacteriaceae; Quinones; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 22307502
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.037218-0 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Mar 2014In recent years, significant progress has been made in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of acne and the role of Propionibacterium acnes. With this... (Review)
Review
In recent years, significant progress has been made in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of acne and the role of Propionibacterium acnes. With this review, the authors aim to provide an update on the current understanding of the role of P. acnes in the development of acne lesions and analysing the potential implications for future treatments. A total of 188 articles published between January 1980 and March 2013 were searched using key words such as acne, P. acnes, microbiology, Corynebacterium acnes, acne vulgaris, pathogenesis, antibiotic, vaccination and a combination of those key words. From those articles, 77 were analysed in depth. Recent data confirm that P. acnes has a strong proinflammatory activity and targets molecules involved in the innate cutaneous immunity, keratinocytes and sebaceous glands of the pilosebaceous follicle and leads to the development of comedones. Furthermore, the profile of its different strains may differ between healthy subjects and acne patients. The better understanding of the role of P. acnes may allow for new perspectives in the treatment of acne. Novel therapies should target molecules implicated in the activation of innate immunity, including toll-like receptors, protease-activated receptors and topical antimicrobial peptides; the latter may be an alternative to topical antibiotics and thus a solution for limiting bacterial resistance induced by topical macrolides. Vaccines may also be promising. However, the most appropriate candidate remains to be selected.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Biofilms; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 23905540
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12224 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Mar 2014A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea...
A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile, irregular coccus, designated strain YIM M13146(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea at a depth of 2439 m, and its taxonomic position was determined by a polyphasic approach. Optimal growth of the strain was observed at 30 °C (range 5-40 °C), pH 7.0 (pH 6.0-9.0) and 0-1% NaCl (0-6%, w/v) on/in tryptic soy agar/broth. Strain YIM M13146(T) had the major cellular fatty acid anteiso-C15:0, the predominant respiratory menaquinone MK-9(H4), peptidoglycan type A3γ (ll-DAP-Gly) containing alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP) and the polar lipids phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unknown phospholipid and several glycolipids. The G+C content of the DNA was 67.2 mol%. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics together with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain YIM M13146(T) was distinct from its close phylogenetic relatives in the genera Propioniferax and Granulicoccus of the family Propionibacteriaceae. Hence, a new genus and species, Mariniluteicoccus flavus gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Mariniluteicoccus flavus is YIM M13146(T) ( = DSM 25892(T) = CCTCC AB 2012055(T)).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Propionibacteriaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 24363295
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.058404-0 -
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science... 2020In the aseptic manufacture of parenteral drug products and low bioburden, cell, and gene therapy products, the control and monitoring of environmental- and... (Review)
Review
In the aseptic manufacture of parenteral drug products and low bioburden, cell, and gene therapy products, the control and monitoring of environmental- and personnel-associated microorganisms is an imperative for the confirmation of controlled conditions and the assessment of microbial risks. Environmental and personnel monitoring programs exist to assure product quality and serve as one of the several means of removing the emphasis on finished drug product testing. Therefore, these programs must adequately assess these risks and identify situations in which increased microbial risks occur. The major source of microbial risks in the controlled clean room environments for parenteral drug product manufacture are personnel. Modern microbial analytical methods, including metagenomic analysis, have identified a greater abundance of ; traditional culture-based monitoring fails to consistently recover and assist in the identification of the potential risk that this microorganism represents. This review provides a case-study assessment of this microorganism in the context of parenteral manufacture for the purpose of assisting in the deciding the necessary controls and the potential monitoring addressing this microbial risk.
Topics: Drug Contamination; Environment, Controlled; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Microbiological Techniques; Patient Safety; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Propionibacteriaceae; Risk Assessment; Skin; Technology, Pharmaceutical
PubMed: 32060223
DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2019.010975 -
Trends in Microbiology Jun 2015The human gut contains a highly diverse microbial community that is essentially an open ecosystem, despite being deeply embedded within the human body. Food-associated... (Review)
Review
The human gut contains a highly diverse microbial community that is essentially an open ecosystem, despite being deeply embedded within the human body. Food-associated fermentative bacteria, including probiotics, are major sources of ingested bacteria that may temporarily complement resident microbial communities, thus forming part of our transient microbiome. Here, we review data on the fate and activity of ingested bacteria and, in particular, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and their impact on the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiome with a focus on data from clinical studies. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms involved and the potential impact on the host's health.
Topics: Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Bifidobacterium; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diet; Eating; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Lactobacillus; Microbial Interactions; Probiotics; Propionibacteriaceae
PubMed: 25840765
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.03.002 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology May 2021Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a beneficial food-grade actinobacterium, widely implemented, and thus consumed, in various food products. As the main application, P.... (Review)
Review
Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a beneficial food-grade actinobacterium, widely implemented, and thus consumed, in various food products. As the main application, P. freudenreichii is used as a cheese-ripening starter, mostly in hard type cheeses. Indeed, during manufacture of "Swiss-type" cheeses (or opened-body cheeses), the technological process favors propionibacteria growth, as well as the corresponding propionic fermentation. This leads to the characteristic flavor of these cheeses, through the release of short chain fatty acids and through lipolysis, as well as to their specific texture. To fulfil this ripening, massive amounts of propionibacteria are industrially produced, dried and stored, prior to cheese making. Furthermore, P. freudenreichii is commercialized in various probiotic food supplements aiming at preserving intestinal health and comfort, in line with its ability to produce beneficial metabolites (short chain fatty acids, vitamins), as well as immunomodulatory compounds. Other industrial applications of P. freudenreichii include the production of food-grade vitamins of the B group, of trehalose, of conjugated linoleic acid, and of biopreservatives. For these different applications, maintaining survival and activity of propionibacteria during production, drying, storage and finally implementation, is crucial. More widely, maintaining live and active probiotic bacteria represents a challenge as the market for probiotic products increases. Probiotic bacteria are, for a bulk majority, freeze-dried, but spray drying is also more and more considered. Indeed, this process is both continuous and more cost-efficient, as it utilizes less energy compared to freeze-drying; on the other hand, it exposes bacteria to higher heat and oxidative stresses. Apart from process optimization and strain selection, it is possible to enhance the resistance of bacteria by taking advantage of their adaptation capacity. Indeed, P. freudenreichii stress tolerance can be boosted by different pretreatments applied before the drying step, thus considerably increasing its final survival. In particular, adaptation to hyperosmotic conditions improves stress tolerance, while the presence of osmoprotectants may mitigate this improvement. Thermal adaptation also modulates tolerance towards these technological challenges. The composition of the growth medium, including the ratio between the carbohydrates provided and the non-protein nitrogen, plays a key role in driving the accumulation of osmoprotectants. This, in turn, determines P. freudenreichii tolerance towards different stresses, and overall towards both freeze-drying and spray-drying. As an example, the accumulation of trehalose enhances its spray-drying survival, while the accumulation of glycine betaine enhances its freeze-drying survival. Growth of propionibacteria in hyperconcentrated whey was used to trigger multiple stress tolerance acquisition, underpinned by overexpression of key stress protein, accumulation of cytoplasmic storage compounds, and leading to enhanced spray-drying survival. A simplified process, from cultivation to atomization, was developed by using whey as a 2-in-1 medium in which propionibacteria were grown, protected and dried with minimal cell death. This innovative process was then subjected to scaling up at the industrial level. In this aim, a gentle multi-stage drying process offering mild drying conditions by coupling spray drying with belt drying, led to final probiotic survival close to 100% when stress tolerance acquisition was previously implemented. Such innovation opens new avenues for the efficient, cost-effective and sustainable development of new probiotic production technologies, as well as probiotic application in the context of food and feed. KEY POINTS: • Propionibacteria acquire multi-stress tolerance when grown in hyper-concentrated whey. • Spray drying of osmo-adapted probiotic bacteria is possible with limited cell death. • A two-in-one drying method is developed to grow and dry probiotic bacteria in the same matrix.
Topics: Cheese; Desiccation; Food Microbiology; Probiotics; Propionibacterium; Propionibacterium freudenreichii; Whey
PubMed: 33885925
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11273-3 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Jun 2018
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 29894578
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15090 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Aug 2021Propionic acid is an important organic acid with wide industrial applications, especially in the food industry. It is currently produced from petrochemicals via chemical... (Review)
Review
Propionic acid is an important organic acid with wide industrial applications, especially in the food industry. It is currently produced from petrochemicals via chemical routes. Increasing concerns about greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and a growing consumer preference for bio-based products have led to interest in fermentative production of propionic acid, but it is not yet competitive with chemical production. To improve the economic feasibility and sustainability of bio-propionic acid, fermentation performance in terms of concentration, yield, and productivity must be improved and the cost of raw materials must be reduced. These goals require robust microbial producers and inexpensive renewable feedstocks, so the present review focuses on bacterial producers of propionic acid and promising sources of substrates as carbon sources. Emphasis is placed on assessing the capacity of propionibacteria and the various approaches pursued in an effort to improve their performance through metabolic engineering. A wide range of substrates employed in propionic acid fermentation is analyzed with particular interest in the prospects of inexpensive renewable feedstocks, such as cellulosic biomass and industrial residues, to produce cost-competitive bio-propionic acid. KEY POINTS: • Fermentative propionic acid production emerges as competitor to chemical synthesis. • Various bacteria synthesize propionic acid, but propionibacteria are the best producers. • Biomass substrates hold promise to reduce propionic acid fermentation cost.
Topics: Fermentation; Metabolic Engineering; Propionates; Propionibacterium
PubMed: 34410439
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11499-1 -
Radiology Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Empyema
PubMed: 38289207
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.231433