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Anaerobe Dec 2016Propionibacterium acnes is a well-known commensal of the human skin connected to acne vulgaris and joint infections. It is extensively studied in planktonic cultures in...
Propionibacterium acnes is a well-known commensal of the human skin connected to acne vulgaris and joint infections. It is extensively studied in planktonic cultures in the laboratory settings but occurs naturally in biofilms. In this study we have developed an in vitro biofilm model of P. acnes and studied growth features, matrix composition, matrix penetration by fluorescent-labeled antibiotics as well as gene expression. Antibiotic susceptibility of biofilms was studied and could be enhanced by increased glucose concentrations. Biofilm cells were characterized by up-regulated stress-induced genes and up-regulation of genes coding for the potential virulence-associated CAMP factors. P. acnes can generate persister cells showing a reversible tolerance to 50 fold MIC of common antibiotics.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glucose; Hemolysin Proteins; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plankton; Propionibacterium acnes; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Transcriptome; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 27725231
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.10.001 -
Microbiology and Immunology Jan 2017The common skin disease acne vulgaris is caused by Propionibacterium acnes. A lipase secreted by this microorganism metabolizes sebum and the resulting metabolites evoke...
The common skin disease acne vulgaris is caused by Propionibacterium acnes. A lipase secreted by this microorganism metabolizes sebum and the resulting metabolites evoke inflammation in human skin. The antifungal drug ketoconazole inhibits P. acnes lipase activity. We previously showed that the drug also inhibits the growth of P. acnes. Thus, ketoconazole may serve as an alternative treatment for acne vulgaris, which is important because the number of antibiotic-resistant P. acnes strains has been increasing.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Antifungal Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Ketoconazole; Lipase; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 28111792
DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12464 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2017Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic...
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen. We investigated the ability of P. acnes surface proteins to recognize ECM proteins and showed that a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein was specifically recognized by human fibrinogen (hFg). The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. DsA1 is mostly produced during stationary phase. It appears to be highly glycosylated, containing GalNAc residues. Purified DsA1 strongly recognizes the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg, and specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg demonstrated the involvement of the protein backbone in the recognition process. The Bβ subunit of hFg was cloned in four peptide fractions (Fg1-Fg4). The N-terminal Fg1 peptide of hFg was recognized by DsA1, and priming DsA1 with Fg1 inhibited DsA1/hFg recognition. We describe here for the first time, the characterization of a P. acnes surface glycoprotein recognizing human fibrinogen.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Blotting, Western; Dermatan Sulfate; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Fibrinogen; Glycosylation; Humans; Peptide Fragments; Propionibacterium acnes; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 28743910
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06940-3 -
PloS One Apr 2011In the progression of acne vulgaris, the disruption of follicular epithelia by an over-growth of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) permits the bacteria to spread and...
BACKGROUND
In the progression of acne vulgaris, the disruption of follicular epithelia by an over-growth of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) permits the bacteria to spread and become in contact with various skin and immune cells.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
We have demonstrated in the present study that the Christie, Atkins, Munch-Peterson (CAMP) factor of P. acnes is a secretory protein with co-hemolytic activity with sphingomyelinase that can confer cytotoxicity to HaCaT keratinocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages. The CAMP factor from bacteria and acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) from the host cells were simultaneously present in the culture supernatant only when the cells were co-cultured with P. acnes. Either anti-CAMP factor serum or desipramine, a selective ASMase inhibitor, significantly abrogated the P. acnes-induced cell death of HaCaT and RAW264.7 cells. Intradermal injection of ICR mouse ears with live P. acnes induced considerable ear inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and an increase in cellular soluble ASMase. Suppression of ASMase by systemic treatment with desipramine significantly reduced inflammatory reaction induced by intradermal injection with P. acnes, suggesting the contribution of host ASMase in P. acnes-induced inflammatory reaction in vivo. Vaccination of mice with CAMP factor elicited a protective immunity against P. acnes-induced ear inflammation, indicating the involvement of CAMP factor in P. acnes-induced inflammation. Most notably, suppression of both bacterial CAMP factor and host ASMase using vaccination and specific antibody injection, respectively, cooperatively alleviated P. acnes-induced inflammation.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
These findings envision a novel infectious mechanism by which P. acnes CAMP factor may hijack host ASMase to amplify bacterial virulence to degrade and invade host cells. This work has identified both CAMP factor and ASMase as potential molecular targets for the development of drugs and vaccines against acne vulgaris.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Cell Line; Dermatologic Agents; Desipramine; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Propionibacterium acnes; Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase; Virulence
PubMed: 21533261
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014797 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology May 2020Rhein (4, 5-dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid) has various properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, the mechanism...
Rhein (4, 5-dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid) has various properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, the mechanism underlying the role of rhein in antimicrobial activity remains largely unknown. This study aims to identify potential natural compounds of rhein that are capable of inhibiting and elucidate the effects of rhein on NADH dehydrogenase-2 activity in . The anti activity of compounds was analysed using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the paper disc diffusion test and the checkerboard dilution test. To check whether rhein was inhibitory, putative type II NADH dehydrogenase (NDH-2) of was analysed, cloned and expressed in and then NDH-2 purification was assessed with Ni-NTA before rhein inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase-2 activity was checked with ferricyanide [KFe(CN)] as a substrate. The results showed that the MIC of rhein against was 6.25 µg ml, while the MBC was 12.5 µg ml, and there was a 38 mm inhibition zone in the paper disc diffusion test. Rhein showed an additive two- to fourfold reduction of the MIC value with four antibiotics on the checkerboard dilution test. The purified NADH dehydrogenase gene product showed a size of approximately 51 kDa and had a of 23 µmol and a of 280 µm. The inhibitory effect of rhein against NADH dehydrogenase-2 activity was non-competitive with ferricyanide [KFe(CN)] with a value of 3.5-4.5 µm. This study provided evidence of the inhibitory effects of rhein on the growth of by blocking of NADH dehydrogenase-2 activity. This mechanism of inhibitory activity in the reduction of ROS formation and ATP productivity should be further tested in and the question of whether rhein inhibits the natural growth of should be investigated.
Topics: Anthraquinones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Kinetics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability; NADH Dehydrogenase; Propionibacterium acnes; Reactive Oxygen Species; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 32375980
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001196 -
Infection and Immunity Oct 2015In the present study, human atherosclerotic carotid arteries were examined following endarterectomy for the presence of the Gram-positive bacterium Propionibacterium...
Propionibacterium acnes Recovered from Atherosclerotic Human Carotid Arteries Undergoes Biofilm Dispersion and Releases Lipolytic and Proteolytic Enzymes in Response to Norepinephrine Challenge In Vitro.
In the present study, human atherosclerotic carotid arteries were examined following endarterectomy for the presence of the Gram-positive bacterium Propionibacterium acnes and its potential association with biofilm structures within the arterial wall. The P. acnes 16S rRNA gene was detectable in 4 of 15 carotid artery samples, and viable P. acnes was one among 10 different bacterial species recoverable in culture. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of 5 additional atherosclerotic carotid arteries demonstrated biofilm bacteria within all samples, with P. acnes detectable in 4 samples. We also demonstrated that laboratory-grown cultures of P. acnes biofilms were susceptible to induction of a biofilm dispersion response when challenged with physiologically relevant levels of norepinephrine in the presence of iron-bound transferrin or with free iron. The production and release of lipolytic and proteolytic extracellular enzymes by P. acnes were shown to increase in iron-induced dispersed biofilms, and these dispersion-induced P. acnes VP1 biofilms showed increased expression of mRNAs for the triacylglycerol lipases PPA2105 and PPA1796 and the hyaluronate lyase PPA380 compared to that in untreated biofilms. These results demonstrate that P. acnes can infect the carotid arteries of humans with atherosclerosis as a component of multispecies biofilms and that dispersion is inducible for this organism, at least in vitro, with physiologically relevant levels of norepinephrine resulting in the production and release of degradative enzymes.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Biofilms; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Humans; Iron; Molecular Sequence Data; Norepinephrine; Peptide Hydrolases; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 26216428
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00510-15 -
European Journal of Clinical... Feb 2015Propionibacterium acnes belongs to the normal skin microbiota, but it is also responsible for acne vulgaris and causes serious infections such as endocarditis and...
Propionibacterium acnes belongs to the normal skin microbiota, but it is also responsible for acne vulgaris and causes serious infections such as endocarditis and surgical site infections (SSI). The P. acnes population is structured into phylogenetic groups, with phylotype I being associated with acne. Herein, we explore the link between phylotypes and clinical origins in a collection of P. acnes isolated from different body sites, involved in deep infections or healthcare-associated infections (HAI), with particular emphasis on strains from cardiac SSI. Cardiac SSI have been further studied in terms of P. acnes population dynamics during the care pathway. The recA and tly genes phylotypes were compared to hemolytic behavior, susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, and clinical origins. An original approach of recA polymerase chain reaction temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (PCR-TTGE) was developed and applied for the direct identification of P. acnes phylotypes in surgical samples, in order to assess their temporal dynamics during the surgical course. Our results underlined the preferential involvement of IA-2/IB and II phylogroups in HAI and SSI. Unlike IA and II, type IA-2/IB presented a gradual increase with the depth of sampling in the peroperative phase of cardiac surgery. Phylotypes IA and IA-2/IB were both predominant in scar tissues and on postoperative skin, suggesting a specific predisposition to recolonize skin. Particular association of the phylotype IA-2/IB with SSI and its propensity to colonize wounds in cardiac surgery was observed. We assumed that the follow-up of P. acnes phylotypes during pathological processes could give new clues for P. acnes pathogenicity.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Sequence; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Propionibacterium acnes; Rec A Recombinases; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Skin
PubMed: 25169966
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2228-2 -
Anaerobe Apr 2015Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) caused by Propionibacterium acnes account for a larger proportion of the total number of PJIs than previously assumed and thus...
INTRODUCTION
Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) caused by Propionibacterium acnes account for a larger proportion of the total number of PJIs than previously assumed and thus knowledge of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of P. acnes is of great value in everyday clinical practice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Using Etest, the present study investigated the susceptibility of 55 clinical isolates of P. acnes, obtained from orthopaedic implant-associated infections of the knee joint (n = 5), hip joint (n = 17), and shoulder joint (n = 33), to eight antimicrobial agents: benzylpenicillin, clindamycin, metronidazole, fusidic acid, doxycycline, moxifloxacin, linezolid and rifampicin. Synergy testing was also conducted, in which rifampicin was combined with each of the remaining seven antibiotics.
RESULTS
All isolates (n = 55) were susceptible to most of the antibiotics tested, with the exception of 100% resistance to metronidazole, five (9.1%) isolates displaying decreased susceptibility to clindamycin, and one (1.8%) to moxifloxacin. None of the antimicrobial agents investigated were synergistic with each other when combined and nine isolates were antagonistic for various antimicrobial combinations. The majority of the antimicrobial combinations had an indifferent effect on the isolates of P. acnes. However, the combination of rifampicin and benzylpenicillin showed an additive effect on nearly half of the isolates.
CONCLUSION
Almost all P. acnes, isolated from orthopaedic implant-associated infections, predominantly PJIs, were susceptible to the antibiotics tested, with the exception of complete resistance to metronidazole. Synergy test could not demonstrate any synergistic effect but additive effects were found when combining various antibiotics. Antagonistic effects were rare.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Typing; Orthopedic Procedures; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium acnes; Prosthesis-Related Infections
PubMed: 25541476
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.12.006 -
Propionibacterium acnes DNA detected in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from patients with sarcoidosis.Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse... Oct 2003The causes of sarcoidosis are unknown. Propionibacterium acnes is so far the only bacterium to be found in sarcoid lymph nodes. We attempted to detect P. acnes DNA in... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK
The causes of sarcoidosis are unknown. Propionibacterium acnes is so far the only bacterium to be found in sarcoid lymph nodes. We attempted to detect P. acnes DNA in cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from patients with sarcoidosis.
METHODS
BAL cells from 30 patients with histologically proven sarcoidosis and 30 controls with other lung diseases were examined by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 16S rRNA of P. acnes. BAL cells from three recent sarcoid patients and two control patients were also examined by in situ PCR to locate P. acnes DNA. Clinical findings in sarcoid patients with and without positive results by PCR were compared.
RESULTS
P. acnes DNA was detected in BAL cells from 21 (70%) sarcoid patients and 7 (23%) control patients. In situ signals of P. acnes DNA were detected in the cytoplasm of 0.2% to 2.8% of alveolar macrophages from sarcoid patients, but from no cells of the control patients. Gallium-67 uptake by lung parenchyma was found in about half of the sarcoid patients with P. acnes DNA, but in none of the other sarcoid patients. More of these patients with such DNA had lung parenchymal shadows in chest X-ray films and were in more advanced stages of the disease than the other sarcoid patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Detection of P. acnes DNA in BAL cells was significantly more common in the patients with confirmed sarcoidosis. Detection was associated with some indices of disease activity in the lung.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Case-Control Studies; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Propionibacterium acnes; Radiography, Thoracic; Sarcoidosis; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 14620162
DOI: No ID Found -
Proteomics. Clinical Applications Jan 2017Extracellular vesicle (EV) has been reported to conduct critical pathophysiological functions as an emerging mode of communication in bacteria. Recently,...
PURPOSE
Extracellular vesicle (EV) has been reported to conduct critical pathophysiological functions as an emerging mode of communication in bacteria. Recently, Propionibacterium acnes, an anaerobic Gram-positive human commensal found in the skin and gastrointestinal tract, has drawn increasing attention as an underestimated pathogen in a variety of diseases.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
For the comprehensive understanding of P. acnes, here we report the isolation of P. acnes EVs for the first time and identification of 252 vesicular proteins with high confidence using triplicate LC-MS/MS analyses.
RESULT
Comprehensive proteomic profiling reveals that P. acnes EVs harbor various proteins involved in biochemical processes, antibiotic resistance, bacterial competition, cell adherence, virulence, and immunogenicity.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
We believe that this report will provide valuable information for investigating the biological role of P. acnes EVs and effective targets for developing clinical applications against P. acnes.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dynamic Light Scattering; Extracellular Vesicles; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Propionibacterium acnes; Proteome; Proteomics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 27594576
DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600040