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BMC Genomics Feb 2016Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis live in close proximity on human skin, and both bacterial species can be isolated from normal and acne...
BACKGROUND
Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis live in close proximity on human skin, and both bacterial species can be isolated from normal and acne vulgaris-affected skin sites. The antagonistic interactions between the two species are poorly understood, as well as the potential significance of bacterial interferences for the skin microbiota. Here, we performed simultaneous antagonism assays to detect inhibitory activities between multiple isolates of the two species. Selected strains were sequenced to identify the genomic basis of their antimicrobial phenotypes.
RESULTS
First, we screened 77 P. acnes strains isolated from healthy and acne-affected skin, and representing all known phylogenetic clades (I, II, and III), for their antimicrobial activities against 12 S. epidermidis isolates. One particular phylogroup (I-2) exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity than other P. acnes phylogroups. All genomes of type I-2 strains carry an island encoding the biosynthesis of a thiopeptide with possible antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis. Second, 20 S. epidermidis isolates were examined for inhibitory activity against 25 P. acnes strains. The majority of S. epidermidis strains were able to inhibit P. acnes. Genomes of S. epidermidis strains with strong, medium and no inhibitory activities against P. acnes were sequenced. Genome comparison underlined the diversity of S. epidermidis and detected multiple clade- or strain-specific mobile genetic elements encoding a variety of functions important in antibiotic and stress resistance, biofilm formation and interbacterial competition, including bacteriocins such as epidermin. One isolate with an extraordinary antimicrobial activity against P. acnes harbors a functional ESAT-6 secretion system that might be involved in the antimicrobial activity against P. acnes via the secretion of polymorphic toxins.
CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, our study suggests that interspecies interactions could potentially jeopardize balances in the skin microbiota. In particular, S. epidermidis strains possess an arsenal of different mechanisms to inhibit P. acnes. However, if such interactions are relevant in skin disorders such as acne vulgaris remains questionable, since no difference in the antimicrobial activity against, or the sensitivity towards S. epidermidis could be detected between health- and acne-associated strains of P. acnes.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Antibiosis; Comparative Genomic Hybridization; DNA, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium acnes; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Skin; Staphylococcus epidermidis
PubMed: 26924200
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2489-5 -
The Journal of Dermatology Apr 2015Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF) is a papular eruption that occurs on adults' faces, predominantly on the lower eyelids. Histologically, the granulomatous...
Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF) is a papular eruption that occurs on adults' faces, predominantly on the lower eyelids. Histologically, the granulomatous lesions are primarily situated around the hair follicles, particularly the superficial region/infundibula. Its etiology remains to be elucidated. Recently, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) has been suspected as a cause of sarcoidosis. In light of the sarcoid-like reactions that are present in LMDF, we hypothesized that P. acnes may also be implicated in granulomas associated with the disease. We evaluated nine DNA samples from granulomatous lesions from the skin of patients with LMDF. We used laser capture microdissection to extract DNA from these regions. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify segments of the 16S ribosomal RNA of P. acnes, and the P. acnes gene was clearly detectable in all nine DNA samples. The gene was also detected in samples from normal-appearing skin, but these bands were faint in all samples. The results of the present study suggest that P. acnes plays a pathogenetic roles in LMDF.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Genes, Bacterial; Granuloma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Propionibacterium acnes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 25616106
DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12773 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Mar 2014The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of two thiazolidinedione derivatives on Propionibacterium acnes biofilm formation in vitro and to assess their...
AIMS
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of two thiazolidinedione derivatives on Propionibacterium acnes biofilm formation in vitro and to assess their effect on the susceptibility of P. acnes biofilms towards antimicrobials.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The compounds were shown to have a moderate to strong antibiofilm activity when used in subinhibitory concentrations. These compounds do not affect P. acnes attachment but lead to increased dispersal of biofilm cells. This dispersal results in an increased killing of the P. acnes biofilm cells by conventional antimicrobials.
CONCLUSION
The antibiofilm effect and the effect on biofilm susceptibility of the thiazolidinedione-derived quorum sensing inhibitors were clearly demonstrated.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Propionibacterium acnes infections are difficult to treat due to the presence of biofilms at the infection site and the associated resistance towards conventional antimicrobials. Our results indicate that these thiazolidinedione derivatives can be promising leads used for the treatment of P. acnes infections and as anti-acne drugs.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Propionibacterium acnes; Quorum Sensing; Thiazolidinediones
PubMed: 24251377
DOI: 10.1111/jam.12378 -
Clinics in Dermatology 2004The inflammatory stage of acne vulgaris is usually of greatest concern to the patient. A number of morphologically different inflammatory lesions may form that can be... (Review)
Review
The inflammatory stage of acne vulgaris is usually of greatest concern to the patient. A number of morphologically different inflammatory lesions may form that can be painful and unsightly. In 30% of patients, such lesions lead to scarring(1). Inflammatory acne and acne scarring can have significant psychological effects on the patient, including depression, anxiety, and poor self-image(2). Although inflammatory acne has been well characterized clinically, the mechanisms by which inflammatory lesions arise are still poorly understood. The human skin commensal bacterium, Propionibacterium acnes, has long been associated with inflammatory acne. This organism has been implicated over and above all of the other cutaneous microflora in contributing to the inflammatory response characteristic of acne. However, its precise role in the disease and its interaction with the human immune system remain to be elucidated.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Inflammation; Propionibacterium acnes; Sebaceous Glands
PubMed: 15556722
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.03.006 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Feb 2018Propionibacterium acnes, a major member of normal skin microbiota, is subdivided into 6 phylotypes: IA1, IA2, IB, IC, II and III. This study investigated P. acnes... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Propionibacterium acnes, a major member of normal skin microbiota, is subdivided into 6 phylotypes: IA1, IA2, IB, IC, II and III. This study investigated P. acnes subgroups on the face and back in patients with severe acne and in healthy controls. In 71.4% of patients with severe acne, P. acnes phylotypes were identical on the face and back, whereas this was the case in only 45.5% of healthy controls. The healthy group carried phylotypes IA1 (39.1%) and II (43.4%), whereas the acne group carried a high predominance of IA1 (84.4%), especially on the back (95.6%). In addition, the single-locus sequence typing (SLST) method revealed A1 to be the predominant type on the back of patients with acne, compared with a wide diversity in the healthy group. We report here that severity of acne on the back is associated with loss of diversity of P. acnes phylotype, with a major predominance of phylotype IA1. The change in balance of cutaneous P. acnes subgroups might be an inducing factor in the activation of P. acnes, which could trigger inflammation.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Back; Case-Control Studies; Face; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium acnes; Severity of Illness Index; Skin; Young Adult
PubMed: 29136261
DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2847 -
Infectious Disorders Drug Targets Sep 2008Recent studies have afforded abundant evidences showing that Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is involved not only in acne vulgaris, but also in many diseases,... (Review)
Review
Recent studies have afforded abundant evidences showing that Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is involved not only in acne vulgaris, but also in many diseases, including endocarditis, endophthalmitis, osteomyelitis, joint, nervous system, cranial neurosurgery infections, and implanted biomaterial contamination. In spite of a range of P. acnes pathogenicity, its vaccine therapies have been studied much less intensively than antibiotic therapies which have been mainstay of treatment for P. acnes-associated diseases. Therefore, we have recently developed effective vaccines for P. acnes-associated inflammatory acne, consisting of a cell wall-anchored sialidase of P. acnes or killed-whole organism of P. acnes. Our data strongly show that immunization of ICR mice with the vaccines provides in vivo protective immunity against P. acnes challenge and decreases P. acnes-induced elevation of cytokine production. This review highlights the potential functions of killed P. acnes- and sialidase-based vaccines as novel treatments for P. acnes-associated diseases.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Animals; Bacterial Vaccines; Disease Models, Animal; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Mice; Neuraminidase; Propionibacterium acnes; Vaccines, Inactivated
PubMed: 18782033
DOI: 10.2174/1871526510808030160 -
Current Problems in Dermatology 2018Acne is based on a complex, multifactorial pathophysiology beginning with a microcomedo. Comedogenesis involves follicular hyperproliferation and disturbed... (Review)
Review
Acne is based on a complex, multifactorial pathophysiology beginning with a microcomedo. Comedogenesis involves follicular hyperproliferation and disturbed keratinization, hyperseborrhea and hyperplasia of sebaceous glands as well as disturbances in skin microbiome. Acne is treated with antibiotics, retinoids, keratolytics, hormonal and anti-inflammatory agents. Efficacy and side effects of given medications are well known. The uppermost layer of the stratum corneum is acidic. The low pH provides protection by slowing down the growth of some bacteria. Increase of skin surface pH leads to impaired barrier function, disturbances in skin microbiome and inflammation. Acne-predisposed skin is in a constant state of subclinical inflammation. Subclinical inflammation may be linked to changes in skin surface pH and disturbances of the stratum corneum, allowing microorganisms to stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, based on the current literature, the possible link between the skin surface pH, epidermal barrier function and acne is reviewed.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Aging; Animals; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Propionibacterium acnes; Sex Characteristics; Skin; Skin Pigmentation
PubMed: 30130780
DOI: 10.1159/000489525 -
Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse... Mar 2005In studies of the unknown etiology of sarcoidosis, Propionibacterium acnes (a possible agent) was found in the lungs and lymph nodes of many sarcoidosis patients and...
BACKGROUND
In studies of the unknown etiology of sarcoidosis, Propionibacterium acnes (a possible agent) was found in the lungs and lymph nodes of many sarcoidosis patients and some control subjects. P. acnes might be commensal not only to the skin, conjunctivae, and intestine, but also to the lungs and lymph nodes of individuals without sarcoidosis.
METHODS
We cultured peripheral lung tissue and various lymph nodes obtained from patients with diseases other than sarcoidosis. DNA of 45 isolates of P. acnes from these patients, 67 isolates from normal skin, conjunctiva, and intestine, and 39 isolates from sarcoid lymph nodes were compared by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis.
RESULTS
P. acnes was isolated from half of 43 lungs and 8 of 11 mediastinal lymph nodes, mostly in pure culture. P. acnes was isolated from half of 20 gastric and 3 of 12 intestinal lymph nodes; intestinal bacteria were also numerous. In general, fewer than 500 colony-forming units of P. acnes per gram tissue were isolated, but 4 lung tissue specimens, 2 of which had a few granulomas, had many more. P. acnes strains from a particular site (lung, lymph node, skin or conjunctivae, and intestine) were genetically similar, more than isolates obtained from different sites. Lymph-node isolates from subjects with and without sarcoidosis differed little.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that P. acnes normally resides in peripheral lung tissue and mediastinal lymph nodes and that the strains of P. acnes isolated from sarcoid lymph nodes were not specific to sarcoidosis.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lymph Nodes; Male; Mediastinum; Middle Aged; Propionibacterium acnes; Sarcoidosis
PubMed: 15881278
DOI: No ID Found -
The Prostate May 2013Inflammation is commonly observed in radical prostatectomy specimens, and evidence suggests that inflammation may contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. Multiple...
BACKGROUND
Inflammation is commonly observed in radical prostatectomy specimens, and evidence suggests that inflammation may contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. Multiple microorganisms have been implicated in serving as a stimulus for prostatic inflammation. The pro-inflammatory anaerobe, Propionibacterium acnes, is ubiquitously found on human skin and is associated with the skin disease acne vulgaris. Recent studies have shown that P. acnes can be detected in prostatectomy specimens by bacterial culture or by culture-independent molecular techniques.
METHODS
Radical prostatectomy tissue samples were obtained from 30 prostate cancer patients and subject to both aerobic and anaerobic culture. Cultured species were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Propionibacterium acnes isolates were typed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
RESULTS
Our study confirmed that P. acnes can be readily cultured from prostatectomy tissues (7 of 30 cases, 23%). In some cases, multiple isolates of P. acnes were cultured as well as other Propionibacterium species, such as P. granulosum and P. avidum. Overall, 9 of 30 cases (30%) were positive for Propionibacterium spp. MLST analyses identified eight different sequence types (STs) among prostate-derived P. acnes isolates. These STs belong to two clonal complexes, namely CC36 (type I-2) and CC53/60 (type II), or are CC53/60-related singletons.
CONCLUSIONS
MLST typing results indicated that prostate-derived P. acnes isolates do not fall within the typical skin/acne STs, but rather are characteristic of STs associated with opportunistic infections and/or urethral flora. The MLST typing results argue against the likelihood that prostatectomy-derived P. acnes isolates represent contamination from skin flora.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Propionibacterium; Propionibacterium acnes; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 23184509
DOI: 10.1002/pros.22621 -
Annales de Dermatologie Et de... Jan 2019Since its discovery, Propionibacterium acnes has undergone various name changes, and has been known since 2016, as Cutibacterium acnes. Herein we set out the history...
Since its discovery, Propionibacterium acnes has undergone various name changes, and has been known since 2016, as Cutibacterium acnes. Herein we set out the history and rational of these taxonomic changes together with a description of a new genus, Cutibacterium, which includes five species within the cutaneous ecosystem. Modern microbiological techniques allow finer distinction between species and subspecies while also enabling the identification of separate subtypes within the population of Cutibacterium acnes. Phylogeny and molecular typing techniques thus provide a better understanding of the subtypes involved in certain inflammatory skin diseases, including acne, folliculitis and progressive macular hypomelanosis.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Molecular Typing; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium acnes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, RNA
PubMed: 30558958
DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2018.11.002