-
The Journal of the American Academy of... Feb 2019The purpose of this study was to further evaluate the pathogenicity of hemolytic and nonhemolytic phenotypes of Propionibacterium acnes (P acnes) isolates from shoulders...
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study was to further evaluate the pathogenicity of hemolytic and nonhemolytic phenotypes of Propionibacterium acnes (P acnes) isolates from shoulders of orthopaedic patients.
METHODS
Thirty-one patient records were reviewed, which had a positive P acnes shoulder culture from joint aspiration fluid and/or intraoperative tissues for demographics, clinical course, culture, and laboratory data. Patients were categorized as definite infection, probable infection, or probable contaminant. Antibiotic resistance patterns and hemolysis characteristics were subsequently analyzed.
RESULTS
Hemolysis demonstrated 100% specificity with a positive predictive value of 100% and 80% sensitivity with a negative predictive value of 73% for determining definite and probable infections. Hundred percent of the patients in the hemolytic group and only 27% of patients in the nonhemolytic group were classified as infected. Presenting inflammatory markers were markedly higher in the hemolytic group. Clindamycin resistance was found in 31% of the hemolytic strains, whereas no antibiotic resistance was observed in the nonhemolytic group.
CONCLUSION
Hemolytic strains of P acnes exhibit enhanced pathogenicity to their host by eliciting a more prominent systemic inflammatory response, increased antibiotic resistance, and a more challenging clinical course. Hemolysis may serve as a specific marker for assisting in diagnosing true infection with P acnes.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level III retrospective comparative study.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis, Infectious; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder; Clindamycin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Hemolysis; Humans; Male; Propionibacterium acnes; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Retrospective Studies; Shoulder Joint
PubMed: 30247311
DOI: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-17-00394 -
Current Eye Research Jun 1994We established growth curves for Propionibacterium acnes isolates recovered from eyes with chronic postoperative endophthalmitis. The growth curve plotted the average of...
We established growth curves for Propionibacterium acnes isolates recovered from eyes with chronic postoperative endophthalmitis. The growth curve plotted the average of the duplicate bacterial concentration against time. The generation time for P. acnes calculated from the growth curves was approximately 5.1 hours. The growth of P. acnes is slower than other anaerobic bacteria. This may account for its delayed appearance in culture of ocular specimens. It may also explain treatment failure if the concentration of an antibiotic injected into the vitreous does not remain at an effective level during the critical replicative phase of the organism.
Topics: Cataract Extraction; Cell Division; Chronic Disease; Endophthalmitis; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Humans; Microbiological Techniques; Postoperative Complications; Propionibacterium acnes; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 7924410
DOI: 10.3109/02713689408999875 -
Canadian Journal of Microbiology Jul 1982Thirty strains of Propionibacterium acnes were grown in basal salt medium containing lecithin as a lipid substrate and in other media. The cultures were assayed for...
Thirty strains of Propionibacterium acnes were grown in basal salt medium containing lecithin as a lipid substrate and in other media. The cultures were assayed for production of lipase (measured as fatty acid esterase) and other exoenzymes. Lipase was assayed spectrophotometrically; other enzymes were assayed using the API ZYM system (Analytab Products Inc., Plainview, NY). Substance for lipase were alpha- and beta-naphthol esters of propionic, butyric, valeric, caprylic, lauric, myristic, and oleic acids. All strains showed fatty acid esterase activity. Using the API ZYM system 19 enzymes were detected, 8 of which were found frequently and had high activity in most strains. Acid and alkaline phosphatases, phosphoamidase, ester lipase, trypsin-chymotrypsin-like proteases, beta-glucuronidase (80%), beta-galactosidase (80%), and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were found. Many enzymes of P. acnes appear to be adaptive, dependent on the culture substrate.
Topics: Culture Media; Lipase; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 7172137
DOI: 10.1139/m82-115 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Oct 2007The Propionibacterium acnes biofilm has previously been shown to exist via genomic studies and to make a biological glue which allows for adherence to follicular walls....
The Propionibacterium acnes biofilm has previously been shown to exist via genomic studies and to make a biological glue which allows for adherence to follicular walls. This gylcocalyx polymer secreted by P acnes also finds its way into sebum composition where it causes the adhesiveness of keratinocytes leading to comedones. An appreciation of P acnes biofilms and secretions has implications in immunogenicity of the organism, clinical course of acne, and therapy for comedonal and inflammatory acne.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Biofilms; Dermatologic Agents; Glycocalyx; Humans; Keratinocytes; Propionibacterium acnes; Tissue Adhesives
PubMed: 17870436
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.05.013 -
PloS One 2018Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes, considered a part of the skin microbiota, is one of the most commonly isolated anaerobic bacteria from medical implants in...
Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes, considered a part of the skin microbiota, is one of the most commonly isolated anaerobic bacteria from medical implants in contact with plasma. However, the precise interaction of C. acnes with blood cells and plasma proteins has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we have investigated the molecular interaction of C. acnes with platelets and plasma proteins. We report that the ability of C. acnes to aggregate platelets is dependent on phylotype, with a significantly lower ability amongst type IB isolates, and the interaction of specific donor-dependent plasma proteins (or concentrations thereof) with C. acnes. Pretreatment of C. acnes with plasma reduces the lag time before aggregation demonstrating that pre-deposition of plasma proteins on C. acnes is an important step in platelet aggregation. Using mass spectrometry we identified several plasma proteins deposited on C. acnes, including IgG, fibrinogen and complement factors. Inhibition of IgG, fibrinogen or complement decreased C. acnes-mediated platelet aggregation, demonstrating the importance of these plasma proteins for aggregation. The interaction of C. acnes and platelets was visualized using fluorescence microscopy, verifying the presence of IgG and fibrinogen as components of the aggregates, and co-localization of C. acnes and platelets in the aggregates. Here, we have demonstrated the ability of C. acnes to activate and aggregate platelets in a bacterium and donor-specific fashion, as well as added mechanistic insights into this interaction.
Topics: Blood Proteins; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Platelet Activation; Platelet Aggregation; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 29385206
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192051 -
Anaerobe Oct 2017The recognition of the pathogenicity of Cutibacterium acnes in implant-associated infection is not always obvious. In this paper, we aimed to distinguish pathogenic and...
The recognition of the pathogenicity of Cutibacterium acnes in implant-associated infection is not always obvious. In this paper, we aimed to distinguish pathogenic and non-pathogenic C. acnes isolates. To reach this goal, we investigated the clonal complex (CC) of a large collection of C. acnes clinical isolates through Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), we established a Caenorhabditis elegans model to assess C. acnes virulence and we investigated the presence of virulence factors in our collection. Ours results showed that CC36 and CC53 C. acnes isolates were more frequently observed in prosthetic joint infections (PJI) than CC18 and CC28 C. acnes isolates (p = 0.021). The C. elegans model developed here showed two distinct virulence groups of C. acnes (p < 0.05). These groups were not correlated to CC or clinical origin. Whole genome sequencing allowed us to identify a putative gene linked to low virulent strains. In conclusion, MLST remains a good method to screen pathogenic C. acnes isolates according to their clinical context but mechanisms of C. acnes virulence need to be assess thought transcriptomic analysis to investigate regulatory process.
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Disease Models, Animal; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Propionibacterium acnes; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Survival Analysis; Viral Tropism; Virulence; Virulence Factors; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 28454760
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.04.009 -
Propionibacterium acnes DNA detected in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from patients with sarcoidosis.Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse... Oct 2003The causes of sarcoidosis are unknown. Propionibacterium acnes is so far the only bacterium to be found in sarcoid lymph nodes. We attempted to detect P. acnes DNA in... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK
The causes of sarcoidosis are unknown. Propionibacterium acnes is so far the only bacterium to be found in sarcoid lymph nodes. We attempted to detect P. acnes DNA in cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from patients with sarcoidosis.
METHODS
BAL cells from 30 patients with histologically proven sarcoidosis and 30 controls with other lung diseases were examined by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 16S rRNA of P. acnes. BAL cells from three recent sarcoid patients and two control patients were also examined by in situ PCR to locate P. acnes DNA. Clinical findings in sarcoid patients with and without positive results by PCR were compared.
RESULTS
P. acnes DNA was detected in BAL cells from 21 (70%) sarcoid patients and 7 (23%) control patients. In situ signals of P. acnes DNA were detected in the cytoplasm of 0.2% to 2.8% of alveolar macrophages from sarcoid patients, but from no cells of the control patients. Gallium-67 uptake by lung parenchyma was found in about half of the sarcoid patients with P. acnes DNA, but in none of the other sarcoid patients. More of these patients with such DNA had lung parenchymal shadows in chest X-ray films and were in more advanced stages of the disease than the other sarcoid patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Detection of P. acnes DNA in BAL cells was significantly more common in the patients with confirmed sarcoidosis. Detection was associated with some indices of disease activity in the lung.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Case-Control Studies; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Propionibacterium acnes; Radiography, Thoracic; Sarcoidosis; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 14620162
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Clinical... Dec 2017The study aimed to retrospectively assess if strain typing of Propionibacterium acnes could help to distinguish between infection and contamination in isolates recovered...
Utility of strain typing of Propionibacterium acnes in central nervous system and prosthetic joint infections to differentiate contamination from infection: a retrospective cohort.
The study aimed to retrospectively assess if strain typing of Propionibacterium acnes could help to distinguish between infection and contamination in isolates recovered from the central nervous system (CNS) and prosthetic joints (PJs). This was a retrospective cohort of all Propionibacterium species isolates from the Barnes-Jewish Hospital (St Louis, MO, USA) clinical microbiology laboratory from 2011 to 2014. Available frozen isolates were recovered, and strain type (IA-1, IA-2, IB, II, III, or nontypeable class A or B) was determined via polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. For CNS isolates, P. acnes was considered pathogenic if treating physicians administered ≥7 days of directed antibiotic therapy against P. acnes. During the study period, Propionibacterium species was isolated from clinical cultures 411 times. 152 isolates were available for analysis. Of the 152 isolates, 140 were confirmed to be P. acnes, 61 of which were from the CNS (45 contaminants, 16 infections). Strain type IA-1 was more common (50.0%, 8 out of 16) among CNS infections than among contaminants (22.2%, 10 out of 45). For PJ isolates 61.3% (19 out of 31) met the criteria for infection. The predominant strain type for CNS infection was IA-1 and for PJ isolates, IB. Strain type IA-1 was isolated more often in patients with CNS infections, which may indicate a predilection of this strain type to cause CNS infection. Future research should prospectively evaluate strain typing as a means of assisting in the diagnosis of CNS infections and confirm our findings.
Topics: Adult; Arthritis, Infectious; Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Propionibacterium acnes; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 28842758
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3090-9 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Nov 2010The predominant cultivable microbiota from 20 refractory endodontic lesions (9 with abscesses and 11 without abscesses) were determined, and Propionibacterium acnes and...
The predominant cultivable microbiota from 20 refractory endodontic lesions (9 with abscesses and 11 without abscesses) were determined, and Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis were among the most predominant organisms. The number of species identified from lesions with abscesses (14.1 ± 2.6) was significantly greater (P < 0.001) than the number from lesions without abscesses (7.4 ± 5.9). Comparison of perioral isolates using repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR of the same species from the same subjects demonstrated that the endodontic and skin populations were significantly different. The P. acnes isolates were typed on the basis of recA gene sequence comparison, and only three types (types I, II, and III) were identified among 125 isolates examined. However, we found that type I (type IA and IB) isolates were primarily isolated from the skin, while types II and III were significantly more likely to be isolated from the endodontic lesions (P < 10(-10)). We found that the robustness of the recA phylotypes was not strong by comparing the partial gene sequences of six putative virulence determinants, PAmce, PAp60, PA-25957, PA-5541, PA-21293, and PA-4687. The resulting neighbor-joining trees were incongruent, and significant (phi test; P = 2.2 × 10(-7)) evidence of recombination was demonstrated, with significant phylogenetic heterogeneity being apparent within the clusters. P. acnes and S. epidermidis isolated from refractory endodontic infections, with or without periapical abscesses, are likely to be nosocomial infections.
Topics: Abscess; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Cluster Analysis; Genotype; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Mouth; Opportunistic Infections; Phylogeny; Propionibacterium acnes; Pulpitis; Rec A Recombinases; Skin; Staphylococcus epidermidis
PubMed: 20739494
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01326-10 -
A Polycation Antimicrobial Peptide Mimic without Resistance Buildup against Propionibacterium Acnes.Macromolecular Bioscience Sep 2017A preliminary study is reported for a polycation antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mimic against Propionibacterium acnes, which is associated with acne vulgaris, a common skin...
A preliminary study is reported for a polycation antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mimic against Propionibacterium acnes, which is associated with acne vulgaris, a common skin condition. Antibiotics are commonly used against P. acnes but buildup of resistance is well-known. Worse, antibiotic regimens build up resistance for more sensitive bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis. The polycation AMP mimic C12-50, 1, is chosen for the present study as it has been previously shown to have high antimicrobial effectiveness. This study reports that C12-50 is active against P. acnes (strain ATCC 6919) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.3 µg mL . To monitor resistance build-up ten passages are conducted with C12-50 against P. acnes. The MIC remains constant with no resistance buildup. Parallel studies with erythromycin confirm previously reported resistance buildup. The results point to a promising pathway to applications for polycation AMP mimics against P. acnes.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polyamines; Polyelectrolytes; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 28605136
DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700090