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Current Opinion in Neurobiology Jun 2013Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) refers to face recognition deficits in the absence of brain damage. DP affects ∼2% of the population, and it often runs in families.... (Review)
Review
Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) refers to face recognition deficits in the absence of brain damage. DP affects ∼2% of the population, and it often runs in families. DP studies have made considerable progress in identifying the cognitive and neural characteristics of the disorder. A key challenge is to develop a valid taxonomy of DP that will facilitate many aspects of research.
Topics: Brain; Humans; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Prosopagnosia; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 23391526
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2012.12.011 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2021Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a selective neurodevelopmental condition defined by lifelong impairments in face recognition. Despite much research, the extent to...
Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a selective neurodevelopmental condition defined by lifelong impairments in face recognition. Despite much research, the extent to which DP is associated with broader visual deficits beyond face processing is unclear. Here we investigate whether DP is accompanied by deficits in colour perception. We tested a large sample of 92 DP individuals and 92 sex/age-matched controls using the well-validated Ishihara and Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue tests to assess red-green colour deficiencies and hue discrimination abilities. Group-level analyses show comparable performance between DP and control individuals across both tests, and single-case analyses indicate that the prevalence of colour deficits is low and comparable to that in the general population. Our study clarifies that DP is not linked to colour perception deficits and constrains theories of DP that seek to account for a larger range of visual deficits beyond face recognition.
Topics: Adult; Color Perception; Discrimination, Psychological; Electroencephalography; Facial Recognition; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Photic Stimulation; Prosopagnosia; Visual Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 34215772
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92840-6 -
Annual Review of Vision Science Sep 2021Congenital prosopagnosia (CP), a life-long impairment in face processing that occurs in the absence of any apparent brain damage, provides a unique model in which to... (Review)
Review
Congenital prosopagnosia (CP), a life-long impairment in face processing that occurs in the absence of any apparent brain damage, provides a unique model in which to explore the psychological and neural bases of normal face processing. The goal of this review is to offer a theoretical and conceptual framework that may account for the underlying cognitive and neural deficits in CP. This framework may also provide a novel perspective in which to reconcile some conflicting results that permits the expansion of the research in this field in new directions. The crux of this framework lies in linking the known behavioral and neural underpinnings of face processing and their impairments in CP to a model incorporating grid cell-like activity in the entorhinal cortex. Moreover, it stresses the involvement of active, spatial scanning of the environment with eye movements and implicates their critical role in face encoding and recognition. To begin with, we describe the main behavioral and neural characteristics of CP, and then lay down the building blocks of our proposed model, referring to the existing literature supporting this new framework. We then propose testable predictions and conclude with open questions for future research stemming from this model.
Topics: Eye Movements; Facial Recognition; Humans; Prosopagnosia; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 34014762
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-113020-012740 -
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Apr 2006Developmental prosopagnosia is characterized by severely impaired face recognition. Individuals with this disorder, which often runs in families, have no history of... (Review)
Review
Developmental prosopagnosia is characterized by severely impaired face recognition. Individuals with this disorder, which often runs in families, have no history of brain damage and intact early visual processing systems. Recent research has also demonstrated that many developmental prosopagnosics have normal or relatively good object recognition, indicating that their impairments are not the result of deficits to a unitary visual recognition mechanism. To investigate the nature of the impaired mechanisms, extensive testing was done on an individual with especially pure face processing deficits. The results ruled out all extant explanations of prosopagnosia except one that proposed that faces are recognized by a content-specific face processing mechanism. fMRI and MEG studies show that there are a variety of neural profiles in developmental prosopagnosia, which is consistent with behavioral studies demonstrating that it is a heterogeneous disorder.
Topics: Brain; Child; Developmental Disabilities; Face; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetoencephalography; Memory; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Prosopagnosia; Social Behavior; Visual Pathways
PubMed: 16563738
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2006.03.003 -
Acta Neurologica Taiwanica Dec 2022A 56-year-old, right-handed man with no known past medical history presented with sudden onset of inability to recognize familiar individuals in person, including his...
A 56-year-old, right-handed man with no known past medical history presented with sudden onset of inability to recognize familiar individuals in person, including his wife and his mother. He also couldn't recognize himself in the mirror. There was no weakness, numbness, visual disturbances, or speech difficulty. Face recognition test, using Warrington Recognition Memory Test (1), showed the presence of complete prosopagnosia. The rest of the neurological and cranial nerves examinations were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed restricted diffusion at the right temporal and occipital lobes (the fusiform gyrus) [Figure 1]. Magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) of the brain was unremarkable. The 24-hours Holter monitoring showed paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The transthoracic echocardiogram and carotid doppler ultrasound scan were normal. He was then treated with rivaroxaban 20mg daily for secondary stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Face recognition skill training was started in the ward, which includes compensatory strategies to achieve person recognition by circumventing the face processing impairment, and remediation to enhance mnemonic function for face recognition. His prosopagnosia resolved completely after one week. Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is an impairment in recognizing faces. The core defects are the loss of familiarity with previously known faces and the inability to recognize new faces. Patients with prosopagnosia may present with poor recognition of familiar individuals in person or in the photograph, confusion with plotlines in movies or plays with numerous characters, and difficulty distinguishing individuals wearing a uniform or similar clothing. Stroke is the most common cause of acquired prosopagnosia (2). Other less common aetiologies include traumatic brain injury, carbon monoxide poisoning, temporal lobectomy, and encephalitis. Literature has shown that areas involved in acquired prosopagnosia are the right fusiform gyrus or anterior temporal cortex, or both (3). The fusiform gyrus is part of the lateral temporal lobe and occipital lobe in 'Brodmann area 37' (4). The fusiform gyrus is considered a key structure for functionally specialized computations of high-level vision such as face perception, object recognition, and reading. Individuals with fusiform lesions are more likely to have apperceptive prosopagnosia, while those with anterior temporal lesions have an amnestic variant (5). In summary, prosopagnosia can be the sole presentation for the right fusiform gyrus stroke. It is important to recognize prosopagnosia for early stroke diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosing it as a psychiatric or ocular disorder. Keywords: prosopagnosia, fusiform gyrus, stroke.
Topics: Humans; Infarction; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Occipital Lobe; Prosopagnosia; Stroke; Temporal Lobe
PubMed: 35470413
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista de NeurologiaThe prosopagnosia has generally been defined as an incapacity to recognize familiar faces, or faces previously known, due to certain lesions to certain areas of the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
INTRODUCTION
The prosopagnosia has generally been defined as an incapacity to recognize familiar faces, or faces previously known, due to certain lesions to certain areas of the cerebral cortex. Yet it seems that there is no universal consensus neither on its definition nor in relation to the specific lesions that might cause it. There seems to be no consensus either around the criteria that might enable us to identify different types of prosopagnosia.
OBJECTIVE
We make an attempt to revise the definition of prosopagnosia and to see if it is appropriate to consider it as a single entity or, on the contrary, we are able to differentiate specific types of prosopagnosia according to its origin, brain lesion associated with it or the patients characteristics. On the other hand, we questioned ourselves whether different exams usually utilized for the identification of prosopagnosia in fact measure the same concept.
CONCLUSIONS
We propose that we could distinguish different types of prosopagnosia with different clinical characteristics. Then we went on to differentiate between developed prosopagnosias and acquired prosopagnosias by bilateral brain lesion as opposed with those associated with a fundamentally aperceptive deficit, as opposed to those linked with a fundamentally associative deficit. Lastly, we propose that different types of exams of recognition and identification can measure distinct aspects linked to prosopagnosia.
Topics: Brain Damage, Chronic; Dominance, Cerebral; Face; Humans; Neuropsychological Tests; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Prosopagnosia; Visual Pathways; Visual Perception
PubMed: 15098192
DOI: No ID Found -
Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) May 2024We report an investigation of the neural processes involved in the processing of faces and objects of brain-lesioned patient PS, a well-documented case of pure acquired...
We report an investigation of the neural processes involved in the processing of faces and objects of brain-lesioned patient PS, a well-documented case of pure acquired prosopagnosia. We gathered a substantial dataset of high-density electrophysiological recordings from both PS and neurotypicals. Using representational similarity analysis, we produced time-resolved brain representations in a format that facilitates direct comparisons across time points, different individuals, and computational models. To understand how the lesions in PS's ventral stream affect the temporal evolution of her brain representations, we computed the temporal generalization of her brain representations. We uncovered that PS's early brain representations exhibit an unusual similarity to later representations, implying an excessive generalization of early visual patterns. To reveal the underlying computational deficits, we correlated PS' brain representations with those of deep neural networks (DNN). We found that the computations underlying PS' brain activity bore a closer resemblance to early layers of a visual DNN than those of controls. However, the brain representations in neurotypicals became more akin to those of the later layers of the model compared to PS. We confirmed PS's deficits in high-level brain representations by demonstrating that her brain representations exhibited less similarity with those of a DNN of semantics.
Topics: Humans; Prosopagnosia; Female; Adult; Brain; Neural Networks, Computer; Middle Aged; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Male; Models, Neurological
PubMed: 38795358
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae211 -
Neuropsychologia Mar 2016Face recognition can be viewed as part of a divergent set of operations in object recognition, in which information from common low-level visual mechanisms feeds forward... (Review)
Review
Face recognition can be viewed as part of a divergent set of operations in object recognition, in which information from common low-level visual mechanisms feeds forward into increasingly specialized processes for different object types. This divergence may also involve hemispheric specialization, notably for faces in the right and words in the left hemisphere. However, in person recognition, face processing is one of a set of sensory inputs that converge upon access to stored information about people. We review the literature and evidence from a cohort of acquired prosopagnosic subjects, on three issues concerning selectivity. First, we review the data on object recognition in prosopagnosia, and recent evidence that, after adjusting for pre-morbid car expertise, impairments of car identification are common in our cohort, particularly among car experts. Second, we review the data on word processing in prosopagnosia. In our cohort we show that the word-length effect in single word reading is normal after right-sided lesions, but the discrimination of font and handwriting is impaired in most of our subjects, regardless of lesion location. Third, we discuss the status of voice recognition in prosopagnosia, and show that in our cohort, right anterior temporal lesions do not impair this function, but bilateral ones do. Together, these findings suggest that the processes for faces, cars and visual text involve either the same neural resources or parallel processes in close proximity. Voice and face processing remain distinct in our subjects, and confirm that right anterior temporal lesions cause an associative prosopagnosia rather than a multi-modal person recognition syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Facial Recognition; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Prosopagnosia; Recognition, Psychology; Visual Pathways; Young Adult
PubMed: 26375683
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.09.015 -
Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No... Apr 2014Congenital prosopagnosia (CP) refers to lifelong and severe impairment of face processing, which is apparent from birth, despite intact visual and intellectual... (Review)
Review
Congenital prosopagnosia (CP) refers to lifelong and severe impairment of face processing, which is apparent from birth, despite intact visual and intellectual abilities. Usually, individuals with CP do not exhibit brain lesions or neurological disorders that account for their specific impairment. An epidemiological survey revealed that the prevalence rate of CP was approximately 2.5% in a young Caucasian population. CP frequently runs in families, suggesting a genetic component in this disturbance. Detailed neuropsychological investigations demonstrated that individuals with CP show reduced performance in face tasks including famous face recognition, face matching, and encoding/retrieval of novel faces. In contrast, they can judge facial expression and eye gaze almost as well as healthy controls. These results suggest an impairment of holistic processing of faces in individuals with CP. Neurophysiological investigation using ERP showed that individuals with CP, as a group, had reduced voltage of the N170 component, which is a hallmark of face processing in the temporal lobe. However, there were large variations in the results of N170 among individuals with CP. Structural MRI showed that the impairments could be due to reduced volume of grey matter and microstructure of white matter in a part of the temporal lobe. Studies using fMRI and face tasks revealed mixed results with regard to face-selective activation in the fusiform gyrus. These findings indicate the heterogeneity of CP, and further investigation is needed to clarify neurodevelopmental substrates of face processing. Results from normative data obtained using the Japanese version of a questionnaire for screening of hereditary prosopagnosia is presented.
Topics: Cognition; Face; Humans; Neurons; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Photic Stimulation; Prosopagnosia
PubMed: 24748088
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Dec 2020Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a cognitive condition characterised by a relatively selective deficit in face recognition. Some adults and children with DP...
Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a cognitive condition characterised by a relatively selective deficit in face recognition. Some adults and children with DP experience severe psychosocial consequences related to the condition, yet are reluctant to disclose it to others. The remediation of DP is therefore an urgent issue, but has been met with little success. Given that developmental conditions may only benefit from compensatory rather than remedial training, this study aimed to examine (a) the positive and negative effects of DP disclosure, and (b) compensatory techniques that may circumvent recognition failure. Qualitative questionnaires and interviews were carried out with 79 participants: 50 adults with DP, 26 of their non-affected significant others, and three parents of DP children. Findings indicated positive effects of disclosure, yet most adults choose not to do so in the workplace. Effective compensatory strategies include the use of extra-facial information, identity prompts from others, and preparation for planned encounters. However, changes in appearance, infrequent contact, or encounters in unexpected contexts often cause strategy failure. As strategies are effortful and disrupted by heavily controlled appearance (e.g., the wearing of uniform), disclosure of DP may be necessary for the safety, wellbeing and optimal education of children with the condition.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Child; Cognitive Remediation; Female; Humans; Male; Prosopagnosia; Qualitative Research; Self Disclosure; Social Perception; Truth Disclosure
PubMed: 31161896
DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2019.1623824