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Eye and Brain 2016Prosopagnosia is a selective visual agnosia characterized by the inability to recognize the identity of faces. There are both acquired forms secondary to brain damage... (Review)
Review
Prosopagnosia is a selective visual agnosia characterized by the inability to recognize the identity of faces. There are both acquired forms secondary to brain damage and developmental forms without obvious structural lesions. In this review, we first discuss the diagnosis of acquired and developmental prosopagnosia, and the challenges present in the latter case. Second, we discuss the evidence regarding the selectivity of the prosopagnosic defect, particularly in relation to the recognition of other objects, written words (another visual object category requiring high expertise), and voices. Third, we summarize recent findings about the structural and functional basis of prosopagnosia from studies using magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and event-related potentials. Finally, we discuss recent attempts at rehabilitation of face recognition in prosopagnosia.
PubMed: 28539812
DOI: 10.2147/EB.S92838 -
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and... 2020Nursery rhymes represent the simplest and most innocent form of performance art. 'Humpty-Dumpty' is a popular character of a nursery rhyme. This character denotes a...
Nursery rhymes represent the simplest and most innocent form of performance art. 'Humpty-Dumpty' is a popular character of a nursery rhyme. This character denotes a humanized egg. In medicine, the term 'Humpty-Dumpty syndrome' has been used in many specialities. In neurology, "Humpty-Dumpty" syndrome is used to denote prosopagnosia and in rehabilitation medicine and psychiatry it is used to denote failure of a patient to recover from the psychological trauma of a stressful event in childhood. We believe that the character of "Humpty-Dumpty" potentially represents a patient with Cushing syndrome. In this article we have elaborated the scientific reasons for the same.
PubMed: 33643866
DOI: 10.4103/ijem.IJEM_546_20 -
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology Oct 2022Cerebral visual disorders include a range of common and rare deficits. They can be divided into effects on low-, intermediate-, and high-level forms of visual...
Cerebral visual disorders include a range of common and rare deficits. They can be divided into effects on low-, intermediate-, and high-level forms of visual processing. Low-level deficits are various forms of homonymous hemifield scotomata, which affect all types of vision within their borders. Intermediate-level deficits refer to impairments of colour or motion perception, which affect either one hemifield or the entire field when lesions are bilateral. High-level deficits are divided into those of the ventral (occipitotemporal) or dorsal (occipitoparietal) stream. Occipitotemporal lesions affect various aspects of object recognition, ranging from general visual agnosia to selective agnosias, such as prosopagnosia or topographagnosia from right or bilateral lesions, and pure alexia from left-sided lesions. Occipitoparietal lesions cause the various components of Bálint syndrome, namely, simultanagnosia, optic ataxia, and ocular motor apraxia. They can also cause other impairments of visuospatial or visuotemporal processing, such as astereopsis and sequence-agnosia. Because of anatomic proximity, certain deficits cluster together to form a number of cerebral visual syndromes. Treatment of these disorders remains challenging, with frequent reliance on strategic substitutions rather than restorative approaches.
PubMed: 36589033
DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_136_22 -
Quarterly Journal of Experimental... Feb 2017Over the last 20 years much attention in the field of face recognition has been directed towards the study of developmental prosopagnosia (DP), with some authors...
Over the last 20 years much attention in the field of face recognition has been directed towards the study of developmental prosopagnosia (DP), with some authors investigating the behavioural characteristics of the condition, and many others using these individuals to further our theoretical understanding of the typical face-processing system. It is broadly agreed that the term "DP" refers to people who have failed to develop the ability to recognize faces in the absence of neurological illness or injury, yet more precise terminology in relation to potential subtypes of the population are yet to be confirmed. Furthermore, specific diagnostic techniques and inclusion and exclusion criteria have yet to be uniformly accepted across the field, making cross-paper comparisons and meta-analyses very difficult. This paper presents an overview of the current challenges that face research into DP and introduces a series of papers that attempt to further our understanding of the condition's characteristics. It is hoped that this special issue will provide a springboard for further research addressing these issues, improving the current state of the art by ensuring the quality of theoretical investigations into DP, and by posing advances that will assist those who have the condition.
Topics: Humans; Prosopagnosia
PubMed: 27251859
DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2016.1195414 -
Vision (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Right temporal variant of frontotemporal dementia (rtv-FTD) represents an uncommon and recently described frontotemporal dementia (FTD) entity presenting with symptoms...
Right temporal variant of frontotemporal dementia (rtv-FTD) represents an uncommon and recently described frontotemporal dementia (FTD) entity presenting with symptoms in many ways comparable to those of the frontal or behavioral variant of FTD (bv-FTD). The aims of this study were to explore the timing of cognitive and behavioral symptoms of rtv-FTD, and to compare the distinct cognitive deficits including prosopagnosia and behavioral symptoms of rtv-FTD patients with those observed in bv-FTD patients. We reviewed the records of 105 patients clinically diagnosed with FTD. A total of 7 patients (5 men/2 women) with FTD and marked right temporal atrophy in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were detected. Clinical features were compared with those observed in a group of 22 age-matched patients (16 men/6 women) with FTD and predominant frontal lobe atrophy. The main presenting symptoms of rtv-FTD were prosopagnosia, apathy, and episodic memory impairment. In contrast, social awkwardness and compulsive behaviors were dominant in later stages of the disease together with disinhibition and loss of insight with a marked personality change. Although the cognitive and behavioral profiles of patients with right temporal or frontal lobes atrophy present substantial similarities, each subtype has a number of distinct characteristics. It appears that prosopagnosia, obsessive behaviors, and psychotic symptoms are more prominent in rtv-FTD patients.
PubMed: 36548937
DOI: 10.3390/vision6040075 -
Cortex; a Journal Devoted To the Study... Dec 1990A review of recent studies of prosopagnosia suggests that the weight of evidence has shifted in favor of regarding it as a disability that can be produced by a right... (Review)
Review
A review of recent studies of prosopagnosia suggests that the weight of evidence has shifted in favor of regarding it as a disability that can be produced by a right hemisphere lesion alone even though bilateral disease remains the more frequent anatomical basis. It is possible that prosopagnosia resulting from a right hemisphere lesion occurs only within the context of some atypical condition of the left hemisphere. "Types" of prosopagnosia continue to be postulated and the "identification of individuality" hypothesis continues to be advanced. Autonomic and covert recognition studies of prosopagnosic patients have described a new dimension in facial identification. Right hemisphere dominance for the discrimination of unfamiliar faces in non-aphasic patients has been confirmed but the performances of left-hemisphere damaged aphasic patients has still not been fully investigated. New developments include the study of developmental prosopagnosia and novel applications of test of facial discrimination.
Topics: Agnosia; Brain Damage, Chronic; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Dominance, Cerebral; Face; Humans; Mental Recall; Pattern Recognition, Visual
PubMed: 2081388
DOI: 10.1016/s0010-9452(13)80299-7 -
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Children with prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, struggle to recognize the faces of acquaintances, which can have a negative impact on their social... (Review)
Review
Children with prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, struggle to recognize the faces of acquaintances, which can have a negative impact on their social interactions and overall functioning. This paper reviews existing research on interventions for children with prosopagnosia, including compensatory and remedial strategies, and provides a summary and comparison of their effectiveness. However, despite the availability of these interventions, their effectiveness remains limited and constrained by various factors. The lack of a widely accepted treatment for children with prosopagnosia emphasizes the need for further research to improve intervention strategies. Last, three future research directions were proposed to improve interventions for prosopagnosia, including ecological approaches, the social challenges faced by children, and new potential intervention methods.
PubMed: 37622816
DOI: 10.3390/bs13080676 -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... May 1959"And what is the nature of this knowledge or recollection? I mean to ask, Whether a person, who having seen or heard or in any way perceived anything, knows not only...
"And what is the nature of this knowledge or recollection? I mean to ask, Whether a person, who having seen or heard or in any way perceived anything, knows not only that, but has a conception of something else which is the subject, not of the same but of some other kind of knowledge, may not be fairly said to recollect that of which he has the conception?""And when the recollection is derived from like things, then another consideration is sure to arise, which is, Whether the likeness in any degree falls short or not of that which is recollected?" "The Philosophy of Plato" Phaedo (the Jowett translation).
Topics: Agnosia; Humans; Male; Philosophy; Prosopagnosia
PubMed: 13655102
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.22.2.124