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The Canadian Journal of Neurological... Sep 2021
Topics: Electroencephalography; Humans; Prosopagnosia; Status Epilepticus
PubMed: 33272342
DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2020.264 -
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Apr 2005Congenital prosopagnosia refers to the deficit in face processing that is apparent from early childhood in the absence of any underlying neurological basis and in the... (Review)
Review
Congenital prosopagnosia refers to the deficit in face processing that is apparent from early childhood in the absence of any underlying neurological basis and in the presence of intact sensory and intellectual function. Several such cases have been described recently and elucidating the mechanisms giving rise to this impairment should aid our understanding of the psychological and neural mechanisms mediating face processing. Fundamental questions include: What is the nature and extent of the face-processing deficit in congenital prosopagnosia? Is the deficit related to a more general perceptual deficit such as the failure to process configural information? Are any neural alterations detectable using fMRI, ERP or structural analyses of the anatomy of the ventral visual cortex? We discuss these issues in relation to the existing literature and suggest directions for future research.
Topics: Brain; Face; Humans; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Prosopagnosia
PubMed: 15808500
DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2005.02.011 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition) Jun 2014The goal of the current paper is to review recent findings concerning the neural basis of congenital prosopagnosia (CP), a lifelong impairment in face processing that... (Review)
Review
The goal of the current paper is to review recent findings concerning the neural basis of congenital prosopagnosia (CP), a lifelong impairment in face processing that occurs in the absence of explicit brain damage. As such, CP offers a unique model for exploring the psychological and neural bases of normal face processing. We start by providing background about face perception and representation, and then review behavioral evidence gleaned from individuals with CP. We then review recent functional and structural neural investigations which offer a comprehensive account of the mechanisms underlying CP and support a characterization of this impairment as a disconnection syndrome rather than as a syndrome related to focal brain malfunction. We end the paper by offering a general framework for CP which, we believe, best integrates the behavioral and neural findings, and offers a platform for generating hypotheses for future studies. There remain many open issues in our understanding of CP and, to address these unanswered questions, we lay out several future research directions and testable hypotheses for further investigation.
Topics: Brain; Face; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Models, Neurological; Models, Psychological; Prosopagnosia; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 24896205
DOI: 10.2741/E705 -
Medicina 2021Proposapnosia is a type of visual agnosia characterized by the inability to recognize people's faces. There are basically two variants, apperceptive and associative. The...
Proposapnosia is a type of visual agnosia characterized by the inability to recognize people's faces. There are basically two variants, apperceptive and associative. The "Tortoni effect" is a phenomenon described by Bekinschtein et al a few years ago in waiters from Buenos Aires, who used this tool to remember the orders of each member of a table. We present a case of prosopagnosia associated with bilateral temporo-occipital injury secondary to head trauma, initially manifested by the lack of face recognition with the use of an associative strategy similar to that described in the "Tortoni effect" as compensation, in a 62-year-old female who suffered a severe head injury. A few months after this event, the patient had difficulty in recognizing familiar people, a fact evidenced by her relatives when at a restaurant table, they changed their seats, remained silent momentarily, and right after the patient kept naming them by their previous location. The magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed blunt sequelae lesions in the bilateral temporo-occipital region. Acquired prosopagnosia due to focal lesions in the temporo-occipital region, generally bilateral and right, and less frequently left, is a rare condition. The strategy used in the "Tortoni effect" was one of the initial manifestations of the condition in our patient. Carrying out an ecological neuropsychological test that considers this strategy could be useful in the screening and early detection of this entity.
Topics: Brain; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Prosopagnosia
PubMed: 34633963
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Neuropsychology Mar 2008Faces are of essential importance for human social life. They provide valuable information about the identity, expression, gaze, health, and age of a person. Recent... (Review)
Review
Faces are of essential importance for human social life. They provide valuable information about the identity, expression, gaze, health, and age of a person. Recent face-processing models assume highly interconnected neural structures between different temporal, occipital, and frontal brain areas with several feedback loops. A selective deficit in the visual learning and recognition of faces is known as prosopagnosia, which can be found both in acquired and congenital form. Recently, a hereditary sub-type of congenital prosopagnosia with a very high prevalence rate of 2.5% has been identified. Recent research results show that hereditary prosopagnosia is a clearly circumscribed face-processing deficit with a characteristic set of clinical symptoms. Comparing face processing of people of prosopagnosia with that of controls can help to develop a more conclusive and integrated model of face processing. Here, we provide a summary of the current state of face processing research. We also describe the different types of prosopagnosia and present the set of typical symptoms found in the hereditary type. Finally, we will discuss the implications for future face recognition research.
Topics: Autistic Disorder; Face; Humans; Nerve Net; Prosopagnosia; Recognition, Psychology; Social Behavior Disorders; Visual Perception
PubMed: 19334306
DOI: 10.1348/174866407x231001 -
Cognitive Neuropsychology 2019Whether face and object recognition are dissociated in prosopagnosia continues to be debated: a recent review highlighted deficiencies in prior studies regarding the...
Whether face and object recognition are dissociated in prosopagnosia continues to be debated: a recent review highlighted deficiencies in prior studies regarding the evidence for such a dissociation. Our goal was to study cohorts with acquired and developmental prosopagnosia with a complementary battery of tests of object recognition that address prior limitations, as well as evaluating for residual effects of object expertise. We studied 15 subjects with acquired and 12 subjects with developmental prosopagnosia on three tests: the Old/New Tests, the Cambridge Bicycle Memory Test, and the Expertise-adjusted Test of Car Recognition. Most subjects with developmental prosopagnosia were normal on the Old/New Tests: for acquired prosopagnosia, subjects with occipitotemporal lesions often showed impairments while those with anterior temporal lesions did not. Ten subjects showed a putative classical dissociation between the Cambridge Face and Bicycle Memory Tests, seven of whom had normal reaction times. Both developmental and acquired groups showed reduced car recognition on the expertise-adjusted test, though residual effects of expertise were still evident. Two subjects with developmental prosopagnosia met criteria for normal object recognition across all tests. We conclude that strong evidence for intact object recognition can be found in a few subjects but the majority show deficits, particularly those with the acquired form. Both acquired and developmental forms show residual but reduced object expertise effects.
Topics: Adult; Facial Recognition; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prosopagnosia; Recognition, Psychology; Young Adult
PubMed: 30947609
DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2019.1593821 -
Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B Oct 2003A 23-year-old right-handed woman developed isolated transient prosopagnosia following surgical resection of a right posterior temporal seizure focus. At 18 years of age...
A 23-year-old right-handed woman developed isolated transient prosopagnosia following surgical resection of a right posterior temporal seizure focus. At 18 years of age she had developed secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Preoperative neuropsychological evaluation was normal, and neurological examination revealed only a left superior quadrant achromatopsia. MRI revealed a circumscribed lesion in the right inferolateral temporo-occipital junction. Following surgery she was agitated for 36 hours, and afterward, when her attention and orientation improved, she was unable to recognize familiar faces. She could, however, recognize familiar voices. Her prosopagnosia resolved over the next 6-7 days. This case demonstrates that isolated prosopagnosia can occur in patients with lesions restricted to the right inferior posterior temporal-anterior occipital region. The temporary nature of the prosopagnosia may result from postsurgical tissue injury, including focal cerebral edema, with compensation by ipsilateral or contralateral areas.
Topics: Adult; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neurosurgical Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Prosopagnosia; Temporal Lobe
PubMed: 14527501
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.07.012 -
Cognitive Neuropsychology 2012The author gives an anecdotal account of his life with developmental prosopagnosia (DP). He was not formally diagnosed until the age of 53 and has evolved a complicated...
The author gives an anecdotal account of his life with developmental prosopagnosia (DP). He was not formally diagnosed until the age of 53 and has evolved a complicated strategy for recognizing people based on non-facial physical features and context. He describes his experiences through infancy, school, university life and courtship, work and family life. He believes that he has lived a full and successful life despite DP but that some aspects of his social and work life were impaired by face-blindness. In his experience people react positively and helpfully if the consequences of DP are explained to them, and this improves social interactions and communications.
Topics: Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Prosopagnosia
PubMed: 23186078
DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2012.736377 -
Cognitive Neuropsychology 2018
Topics: Agnosia; Face; Humans; Prosopagnosia
PubMed: 29658422
DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2018.1424708 -
Cortex; a Journal Devoted To the Study... Sep 2008Face perception is a function with significant complexity, reflected in cognitive models that propose a hierarchy of parallel and serial processing stages. Current... (Review)
Review
Face perception is a function with significant complexity, reflected in cognitive models that propose a hierarchy of parallel and serial processing stages. Current neuroimaging data also show that face perception involves a core processing network of cortical modules, which are likely specialized for different functions involved in face processing. The core face processing network is further linked to an extended face processing network which is not solely involved in the perception of faces, but rather contains modules mediating the processing of semantic, biographic and emotional information about people. The segregation of these processes within discrete anatomic regions creates the potential for disconnection between regions to generate neuropsychological deficits involving faces. In this review we consider the types of disconnection possible both within the core face processing system and between the core and extended systems, the pattern of deficits that would be considered as evidence of such disconnections, the potential anatomy of lesions that would create them, and whether any cases exist that meet these criteria.
Topics: Association Learning; Face; Humans; Limbic System; Nerve Fibers; Neural Pathways; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Prosopagnosia; Recognition, Psychology; Visual Pathways; Visual Perception
PubMed: 18597749
DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2008.04.003