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Genes & Development Sep 2018Despite the high long-term survival in localized prostate cancer, metastatic prostate cancer remains largely incurable even after intensive multimodal therapy. The... (Review)
Review
Despite the high long-term survival in localized prostate cancer, metastatic prostate cancer remains largely incurable even after intensive multimodal therapy. The lethality of advanced disease is driven by the lack of therapeutic regimens capable of generating durable responses in the setting of extreme tumor heterogeneity on the genetic and cell biological levels. Here, we review available prostate cancer model systems, the prostate cancer genome atlas, cellular and functional heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment, tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance, and technological advances focused on disease detection and management. These advances, along with an improved understanding of the adaptive responses to conventional cancer therapies, anti-androgen therapy, and immunotherapy, are catalyzing development of more effective therapeutic strategies for advanced disease. In particular, knowledge of the heterotypic interactions between and coevolution of cancer and host cells in the tumor microenvironment has illuminated novel therapeutic combinations with a strong potential for more durable therapeutic responses and eventual cures for advanced disease. Improved disease management will also benefit from artificial intelligence-based expert decision support systems for proper standard of care, prognostic determinant biomarkers to minimize overtreatment of localized disease, and new standards of care accelerated by next-generation adaptive clinical trials.
Topics: Animals; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Gene Fusion; Humans; Male; Mice; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prognosis; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 30181359
DOI: 10.1101/gad.315739.118 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2018This chapter provides a brief overview of prostate cancer statistics, grading, diagnosis and treatment strategies that are discussed in more detail in the subsequent... (Review)
Review
This chapter provides a brief overview of prostate cancer statistics, grading, diagnosis and treatment strategies that are discussed in more detail in the subsequent chapters of this book and the companion book titled "Clinical Molecular and Diagnostic Imaging of Prostate Cancer and Treatment Strategies". It also points to websites that provide additional useful information for patients affected by prostate cancer and for students and teachers to obtain practical and updated information on research, new diagnostic modalities and new therapies including new updated clinical trials. Three sections are focused on overview of prostate cancer statistics; overview of detection, diagnosis, stages and grading of prostate cancer; and treatment possibilities and options.
Topics: Humans; Male; Neoplasm Grading; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 30229546
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95693-0_1 -
Archivos Espanoles de Urologia Mar 2018Prostate cancer is a disease that presents a wide spectrum from low aggressiveness localized to disseminated cancer. Locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC) is a... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Prostate cancer is a disease that presents a wide spectrum from low aggressiveness localized to disseminated cancer. Locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC) is a particularly difficult to manage phase of this spectrum.
OBJECTIVES
We review the definition, diagnosis and treatment of this phase of the disease.
METHODS
We performed a non systematic literature review of the most relevant features of this pathology.
RESULTS
LAPC is more aggressive than organ confined disease. Its clinical diagnosis is not always easy. Local treatment, in spite of being aggressive with potential sequelae, seems to be advantageous in terms of patient survival.
CONCLUSIONS
Prostate cancer local staging is currently based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). Local radical treatment with surgery or radiotherapy, with probable addition of systemic treatment, offers promising results for disease control and quality of life improvement.
Topics: Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 29633943
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2021Prostate cancer (PCa) is globally the second most diagnosed cancer type and the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Family history of PCa, hereditary... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer (PCa) is globally the second most diagnosed cancer type and the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Family history of PCa, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) and Lynch syndromes (LS), are among the most important risk factors compared to age, race, ethnicity and environmental factors for PCa development. Hereditary prostate cancer (HPCa) has the highest heritability of any major cancer in men. The proportion of PCa attributable to hereditary factors has been estimated in the range of 5-15%. To date, the genes more consistently associated to HPCa susceptibility include mismatch repair (MMR) genes (, , , and ) and homologous recombination genes (, , , ). Additional genes are also recommended to be integrated into specific research, including , and . Importantly, and mutated patients potentially benefit from Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP inhibitors, through a mechanism of synthetic lethality, causing selective tumor cell cytotoxicity in cell lines. Moreover, the detection of germline alterations in MMR genes has therapeutic implications, as it may help to predict immunotherapy benefits. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of the genetic basis for inherited predisposition to PCa, the potential target therapy, and the role of active surveillance as a management strategy for patients with low-risk PCa. Finally, the current PCa guideline recommendations are reviewed.
Topics: Germ-Line Mutation; Humans; Male; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Proteins; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 33916521
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073753 -
World Journal of Urology Feb 2021
Topics: Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 33591380
DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03618-4 -
European Urology Jul 2022Transperineal biopsy is recommended as the first-choice technique for diagnosis of prostate cancer owing to lower rates of postprocedural sepsis. However, unresolved...
Transperineal biopsy is recommended as the first-choice technique for diagnosis of prostate cancer owing to lower rates of postprocedural sepsis. However, unresolved issues such as biopsy quality, lack of a systematic biopsy template, cost-effectiveness, and the risk of acute urine retention are yet to be resolved by the urological community.
Topics: Biopsy; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Male; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Urinary Retention
PubMed: 35216857
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.01.046 -
Archivos Espanoles de Urologia Mar 2022Prostate cancer is themost prevalent and deadliest neoplasm in men, with adiverse clinical presentantion and oncological outcomes.The diagnosis and treatment remains a... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Prostate cancer is themost prevalent and deadliest neoplasm in men, with adiverse clinical presentantion and oncological outcomes.The diagnosis and treatment remains a challenge.New essays about biomarkers show their potential asa tool that may influence in clinical decision making,risk stratification and management of the disease.
METHODS
we performed a literature review abouttissue biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment ofprostate cancer.
RESULTS
Within the last years, a wide number ofdiagnostic and prognostic tests in tissue have been developed(ConfirmMDx, Promark, Oncoytype DX, Decipher),creating an opportunity to improve the diagnosis,prognosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
Since prostate cancer is the mostprevalent neoplasm in men, it is mandatory to stratifypatients correctly to prevent unnecessary biopsiesand overtreatment in low risk patients, as well as designthe best strategy in those with high risk disease.Tissue biomarkers may become a useful tool in precisionmedicine to guide decision making.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Clinical Decision-Making; Humans; Male; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35332888
DOI: No ID Found -
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of... Dec 1994Prostate carcinoma is a growing concern in our aging society. While the disease often follows a indolent course, it is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths... (Review)
Review
Prostate carcinoma is a growing concern in our aging society. While the disease often follows a indolent course, it is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males. Prostate cancer screening is promising but remains unproven and controversial. The therapy of prostate cancer has changed little over the past 10 years. The tumor remains refractory to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. True containment of this disease will require novel strategies of diagnosis, biologic assessment, and therapy.
Topics: Humans; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 7705321
DOI: No ID Found -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Oct 2002It is a paradigm in cancer treatment that early detection and treatment improves survival. However, although screening measures lead to a higher rate of detection, for... (Review)
Review
It is a paradigm in cancer treatment that early detection and treatment improves survival. However, although screening measures lead to a higher rate of detection, for small bulk localised prostate cancer it remains unclear whether early detection and early treatment will lead to an overall decrease in mortality. The management options include surveillance, radiotherapy, and radical prostatectomy but there is no evidence base to evaluate the benefits of each approach. Advanced prostate cancer is managed by hormonal therapy. There have been major changes in treatment over the last two decades with the use of more humane treatment and developments in both chemotherapy and radiation. In this article we review the natural history and management of prostate cancer.
Topics: Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Prostatic Neoplasms; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 12415080
DOI: 10.1136/pmj.78.924.590 -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Nov 2016
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nuclear Medicine; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 27825427
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.07.010