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Journal of Hazardous Materials Feb 2021Bioremediation is commonly conducted by microbial consortia rather than individual species in natural environments. Biodegradation of dicarboximide fungicides in...
Bioremediation is commonly conducted by microbial consortia rather than individual species in natural environments. Biodegradation of dicarboximide fungicides in brunisolic soil were significantly enhanced by two bacterial cocultures of Providencia stuartii JD and Brevundimonas naejangsanensis J3. The cocultures degraded 98.42 %, 95.44 %, and 96.81 % of 50 mg/L dimethachlon, iprodione, and procymidone in liquid culture within 6 d respectively, whose efficiency was 1.23 and 1.26, 1.25 and 1.23, and 1.24 and 1.24 times of strains JD and J3, respectively. The cocultures could effectively degrade dimethachlon, iprodione and procymidone to simple products. Moreover, the cocultures immobilized in a charcoal-alginate-chitosan carrier obviously surpassed free cocultures in terms of degradability, stability and reusability. In the field brunisolic soils treated by immobilized cocultures, 96.74 % of 20.25 kg a.i./ha dimethachlon, 95.02 % of 7.50 kg a.i./ha iprodione and 96.27 % of 7.50 kg a.i./ha procymidone were degraded after 7 d, respectively. Moreover, the lower half-lifes (1.53, 1.59 and 1.57 d) by immobilized cocultures were observed, as compared to free cocultures (3.60, 4.03 and 3.92 d) and natural dissipation (21.33, 20.51 and 20.09 d). This study highlights that strains JD and J3 have significant synergetic degradation advantages in rapid bioremediation of dicarboximide fungicide contamination sites.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Caulobacteraceae; Coculture Techniques; Fungicides, Industrial; Providencia
PubMed: 33264954
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123888 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Sep 2018A carbapenem-resistant Providencia rettgeri (PR1) isolate was recovered from a wound infection in Missouri, USA. This isolate possessed an EDTA-inhibitable carbapenemase...
OBJECTIVES
A carbapenem-resistant Providencia rettgeri (PR1) isolate was recovered from a wound infection in Missouri, USA. This isolate possessed an EDTA-inhibitable carbapenemase that was unidentified using the Xpert CARBA-R assay. Our objective was to elucidate the molecular determinant of carbapenem resistance in this isolate. We then sought to test the transmissibility of bla loci in clinical P. rettgeri and Proteus mirabilis isolates.
METHODS
In October 2016 the novel ambler Class B carbapenemase bla, was reported in two different Proteus mirabilis (PM185 and PM187) isolates. Broth mating assays for transfer of carbapenemase activity were performed for the three clinical isolates with recipient sodium azide-resistant Escherichia coli J53. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and phenotypic carbapenemase activity testing were performed on the clinical isolates, J53 and transconjugants using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Plasmid DNA from PM187, PR1 and their transconjugants were used as input for Nextera Illumina sequencing libraries and sequenced on a NextSeq platform.
RESULTS
PR1 was resistant to both imipenem and meropenem. PM187 and PR1 could transfer resistance to E. coli through plasmid conjugation (pPM187 and pPR1). pPM187 had a virB/virD4 type IV secretion system whereas pPR1 had a traB/traD type IV secretion system.
CONCLUSION
Two of three bla-bearing clinical isolates tested could conjugate resistance into E. coli. The resulting transconjugants became positive for phenotypic carbapenemase production but did not pass clinical resistance breakpoints. bla can be transmitted on different plasmid replicon types that rely on distinct classes of type IV secretion system for horizontal transfer.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Imipenem; Meropenem; Plasmids; Proteus mirabilis; Providencia; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Thienamycins; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 29496594
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.02.018 -
The Journal of Urology Sep 1989Purple urine drainage bags were found in 7 of 71 chronically catheterized elderly women. The purple staining of the bags is due to a violet discoloration (indirubin) of...
Purple urine drainage bags were found in 7 of 71 chronically catheterized elderly women. The purple staining of the bags is due to a violet discoloration (indirubin) of the plastic of the catheter bag and fine blue crystals of indigo in the urine. The colors are formed from the substrate indoxyl sulfate (indican) and all 7 patients had bacteria in the urine that would produce blue colonies on agar enriched with the urine (filter sterilized) of the patients involved. Organisms identified were Providencia or Klebsiella species. Indican excretion was higher in patients with purple urinary catheter bags than in controls.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Color; Female; Humans; Indican; Klebsiella; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Providencia; Urinary Catheterization; Urine
PubMed: 2504940
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38882-1 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 1981A total of 238 isolates of Providencia stuartii obtained from infected patients in six Dublin hospitals were grouped by using serological and bacteriocin typing methods...
A total of 238 isolates of Providencia stuartii obtained from infected patients in six Dublin hospitals were grouped by using serological and bacteriocin typing methods and tested for sensitivity to a number of antimicrobial agents. Most isolates were resistant to several of these agents. Resistance to tetracycline, resistance to penicillin, resistance to polymyxin, and probably resistance to nitrofurantoin was intrinsic. Plasmid screening coupled with resistance transfer studies showed that both chromosome-encoded and plasmid-coded resistance mechanisms were clinically important. Ampicillin resistance was both chromosomally and plasmid encoded, whereas resistance to kanamycin and resistance to carbenicillin were exclusively plasmid encoded. Gentamicin resistance was more common than kanamycin resistance, and although gentamicin-resistant strains contained aminoglycoside acetyltransferase activity, no association could be demonstrated with plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid in the strains tested. Unlike minimal inhibitory concentrations for kanamycin, minimal inhibitory concentrations for gentamicin varied over a wide range. P. stuartii isolated obtained from several different countries were tested for comparison. As a group, these strains were less resistant, but they did exhibit similar resistance properties.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Conjugation, Genetic; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Ireland; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Providencia; Serotyping
PubMed: 7251830
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.13.6.1099-1104.1981 -
Veterinary Journal (London, England :... Jul 2006Providencia spp. are Gram negative bacteria, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae and are responsible for gastrointestinal disorders both in humans and animals. We...
Providencia spp. are Gram negative bacteria, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae and are responsible for gastrointestinal disorders both in humans and animals. We report on the isolation of multi-drug resistant Providencia spp. (n=4) from animal manure. The isolates were found to be resistant to clindamycin and to tetracycline, as well as to the macrolide and sulphonamide groups of antibiotics.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Manure; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Providencia; Swine; Turkeys
PubMed: 16772147
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.01.004 -
Current Microbiology Dec 2001We investigated the adherence properties of six P. alcalifaciens strains with previously characterized differential invasive capabilities in HEp-2 cells. Highly invasive...
We investigated the adherence properties of six P. alcalifaciens strains with previously characterized differential invasive capabilities in HEp-2 cells. Highly invasive strains were found to attach to HEp-2 cell monolayers within 2 h post-infection and in large numbers on the eukaryotic cell surfaces within 3 h post-infection. In contrast, weakly or non-invasive P. alcalifaciens strains were non-adherent to HEp-2 cells even at 3 h post-infection. Highly invasive isolates were found to weakly bind F-actin using the fluorescent actin staining assay although these strains were negative for Escherichia coli attachment and effacing gene (eaeA) of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). These results suggest that the strain variation in the ability of P. alcalifaciens to invade HEp-2 cells previously noted by several investigators may be linked to expression of key adhesin(s) on the cell surface of invasive isolates.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Cell Line; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Providencia
PubMed: 11685508
DOI: 10.1007/s002840010330 -
Infection and Immunity Jun 2023Providencia rustigianii is potentially enteropathogenic in humans. Recently, we identified a strain carrying a part of the gene homologous to that of that produces an...
Providencia rustigianii is potentially enteropathogenic in humans. Recently, we identified a strain carrying a part of the gene homologous to that of that produces an exotoxin called cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), encoded by three subunit genes (, , and ). In this study, we analyzed the strain for possible presence of the entire gene cluster and its organization, location, and mobility, as well as expression of the toxin as a putative virulence factor of . Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the presence of the three subunit genes in tandem, and over 94% homology to the corresponding genes carried by P. alcalifaciens both at nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels. The strain produced biologically active CDT, which caused distension of eukaryotic cell lines with characteristic tropism of CHO and Caco-2 cells but not of Vero cells. S1-nuclease digested pulsed-field gel electrophoresis followed by Southern hybridization analysis demonstrated that the genes in both and P. alcalifaciens strains are located on large plasmids (140 to 170 kb). Subsequently, conjugation assays using a genetically marked derivative of the strain showed that the plasmid carrying genes in the was transferable to gene-negative recipient strains of , Providencia rettgeri, and Escherichia coli. Our results demonstrated the presence of genes in for the first time, and further showed that the genes are located on a transferable plasmid, which can potentially spread to other bacterial species.
Topics: Animals; Chlorocebus aethiops; Humans; Providencia; Vero Cells; Caco-2 Cells; Escherichia coli
PubMed: 37158737
DOI: 10.1128/iai.00121-22 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Sep 2020The increasing trend of β-lactam resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide problem. This study investigated isolates of the tribe Proteeae (Proteus,...
Antimicrobial susceptibility and distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamases, AmpC β-lactamases and carbapenemases among Proteus, Providencia and Morganella isolated from global hospitalised patients with intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections: Results of the Study for Monitoring...
OBJECTIVES
The increasing trend of β-lactam resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide problem. This study investigated isolates of the tribe Proteeae (Proteus, Providencia and Morganella) causing intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections from the worldwide Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) collected from 2008-2011.
METHODS
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on isolates with an ertapenem minimum inhibitory concentration >0.5mg/L or those phenotypically producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). ESBLs, AmpC β-lactamases and carbapenemases were detected by multiplex PCR.
RESULTS
A total of 142 isolates, including Proteus mirabilis (n=121), Proteus vulgaris (n=3), Providencia stuartii (n=5), Providencia rettgeri (n=6) and Morganella morganii (n=7), were analysed. Proteus mirabilis was generally susceptible to ertapenem (∼90%) compared with imipenem (≤25%). The most common ESBLs were CTX-M types (n=64), followed by TEM (n=27) and SHV (n=7). CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-15 were the dominant CTX-M-type ESBLs in P. mirabilis isolates. CMY (n=14), which included CMY-2 (n=6), was the most common AmpC β-lactamase, followed by DHA (n=6) and FOX (n=4). NDM (n=7), which included NDM-1 (n=4), was the most common carbapenemase, followed by KPC (n=2). Isolates from hospital-associated infections had more complicated β-lactamase combinations than isolates from community-acquired infections.
CONCLUSION
The global emergence and spread of β-lactamase-producing Proteeae isolates are major issues in tackling antimicrobial resistance. Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance trends and developing further resistance surveillance are necessary.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Morganella; Proteus mirabilis; Providencia; Urinary Tract Infections; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 32311502
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.04.011 -
Archives of Microbiology Apr 1986The chemical constitutional analysis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Providencia rettgeri was carried out. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using sodium...
The chemical constitutional analysis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Providencia rettgeri was carried out. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using sodium dodecylsulfate or sodium deoxycholate showed that the lipopolysaccharide mostly consisted of short sugar chains. The lipid A was precipitated out after mild acid hydrolysis of LPS. From the supernatant degraded polysaccharide and unsubstituted core fractions were isolated. Compositional analysis of the core material revealed the presence of galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, glucosamine, L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, alanine and phosphorus. Methylation analysis of the core material indicated the presence of terminal units of glucose, galacturonic acid and glucosamine. The chemical structure of the lipid A was elucidated. It constitutes a beta-1,6-glucosamine disaccharide substituted on either side by ester and glycosidically-bond phosphate residues. The ester-bound phosphate was found to be substituted by a 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinosyl residue. The amino groups of the backbone disaccharide are N-acylated by 3-O-(14:0)14:0 and 3-O-14:0. Two hydroxyl groups of the disaccharide are esterified by 3-O-(14:0)14:0 and 3-O-14:0. The taxonomical importance of these structural details will be discussed.
Topics: Amino Sugars; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Fatty Acids; Lipid A; Lipopolysaccharides; Proteus; Proteus mirabilis; Providencia; Salmonella typhimurium
PubMed: 3524498
DOI: 10.1007/BF00410949 -
Carbohydrate Research Jan 2012An O-polysaccharide was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia alcalifaciens O48 and studied by sugar and methylation analyses along...
An O-polysaccharide was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia alcalifaciens O48 and studied by sugar and methylation analyses along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including 2D COSY, TOCSY, ROESY and (1)H,(13)C HSQC and HMBC experiments. It was found that the polysaccharide is acidic and has a linear mono-O-acetylated tetrasaccharide repeating unit with the following structure: →3)-α-D-Manp-(1→2)-α-L-Fucp-(1→2)-β-D-GlcpA4Ac-(1→3)-α-D-GalpNAc-(1→.
Topics: Carbohydrate Sequence; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Sequence Data; O Antigens; Providencia
PubMed: 22099381
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.10.031