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Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. Journal of... Aug 2005
Review
Topics: Antibodies, Bacterial; Biomarkers; DNA, Bacterial; Disease Outbreaks; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Japan; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Providencia
PubMed: 16180691
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Food Protection May 2022Providencia rettgeri is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen with a strong biofilm-forming ability in low-nutrition environments. However, information regarding the...
ABSTRACT
Providencia rettgeri is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen with a strong biofilm-forming ability in low-nutrition environments. However, information regarding the impact of simulated food processing conditions on P. rettgeri planktonic growth and biofilm formation is limited. Using response surface methodology (RSM), the combined effects of temperature (19 to 37°C), pH (5 to 9), and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration (0.50 to 2.0%, w/v) were applied to construct planktonic growth and biofilm formation models for P. rettgeri. For both RSM models, an increase in NaCl concentration restricted P. rettgeri growth. Planktonic growth and biofilm formation were maximum at 27.83 and 25.41°C, respectively. Tannic acid (TA) is a highly effective antibacterial agent that inhibited planktonic and biofilm P. rettgeri under optimal growth conditions. The viability of P. rettgeri cells was decreased by TA treatment, which caused destruction of the cell membrane and production of endogenous reactive oxygen species. TA significantly inactivated P. rettgeri biofilms, as verified by observation. The obtained models in this study may be useful for describing the impact of temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration on the growth by P. rettgeri in the food processing environment and better understanding the impacts of food-related conditions on bacterial planktonic growth and biofilm formation. These results obtained for P. rettgeri planktonic cells and biofilms can provide a framework for removal strategies for other foodborne pathogens.
Topics: Biofilms; Plankton; Providencia; Sodium Chloride; Tannins
PubMed: 35271716
DOI: 10.4315/JFP-21-289 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Jul 2016In the present study, we examined the prevalence of Providencia spp. in retail meats and in stool samples from diarrheal patients in Thailand. Providencia-specific...
In the present study, we examined the prevalence of Providencia spp. in retail meats and in stool samples from diarrheal patients in Thailand. Providencia-specific (Psp)-PCR amplification was positive for 58% (15/26) of the chicken, 64% (16/25) of the pork, and 68% (17/25) of the beef samples. Subsequently, Providencia strains were isolated from 65% (17/26) of the chicken, 68% (17/25) of the pork, and 72% (18/25) of the beef samples. Although P. alcalifaciens (40-58%) was the most prevalent Providencia strain, P. rettgeri, P. stuartii, and P. rustigianii were also isolated. Of the patient stool samples tested, 7.5% (16/214) had Psp-PCR products, of which 4 were P. alcalifaciens (1.9%), 4 were P. rettgeri (1.9%), and 1 was P. stuartii (0.5%). In conclusion, retail meats were substantially contaminated with Providencia, especially P. alcalifaciens. Therefore, retail meats are possibly the source of Providencia infections in humans.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chickens; DNA, Bacterial; Diarrhea; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Feces; Meat; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevalence; Providencia; Swine; Thailand
PubMed: 26370430
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2015.224 -
The American Journal of the Medical... Aug 2013Providencia, unlike other enterobacteriaceae, is a lesser known causative agent of hospital-acquired and community-acquired neuroinfection. Two cases of meningitis and...
Providencia, unlike other enterobacteriaceae, is a lesser known causative agent of hospital-acquired and community-acquired neuroinfection. Two cases of meningitis and one patient with subdural empyema, where Providencia rettgeri was the causative agent, are reported. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of hospital-acquired and community-acquired meningitis or empyema caused by P rettgeri.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Central Nervous System Infections; Child, Preschool; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Male; Providencia
PubMed: 23811573
DOI: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318294f998 -
BMC Genomics Oct 2021Enterobacteria of the genus Providencia are mainly known as opportunistic human pathogens but have been isolated from highly diverse natural environments. The species...
BACKGROUND
Enterobacteria of the genus Providencia are mainly known as opportunistic human pathogens but have been isolated from highly diverse natural environments. The species Providencia vermicola comprises insect pathogenic bacteria carried by entomoparasitic nematodes and is investigated as a possible insect biocontrol agent. The recent publication of several genome sequences from bacteria assigned to this species has given rise to inconsistent preliminary results.
RESULTS
The genome of the nematode-derived P. vermicola type strain DSM_17385 has been assembled into a 4.2 Mb sequence comprising 5 scaffolds and 13 contigs. A total of 3969 protein-encoding genes were identified. Multilocus sequence typing with different marker sets revealed that none of the previously published presumed P. vermicola genomes represents this taxonomic species. Comparative genomic analysis has confirmed a close phylogenetic relationship of P. vermicola to the P. rettgeri species complex. P. vermicola DSM_17385 carries a type III secretion system (T3SS-1) with probable function in host cell invasion or intracellular survival. Potentially antibiotic resistance-associated genes comprising numerous efflux pumps and point-mutated house-keeping genes, have been identified across the P. vermicola genome. A single small (3.7 kb) plasmid identified, pPVER1, structurally belongs to the qnrD-type family of fluoroquinolone resistance conferring plasmids that is prominent in Providencia and Proteus bacteria, but lacks the qnrD resistance gene.
CONCLUSIONS
The sequence reported represents the first well-supported published genome for the taxonomic species P. vermicola to be used as reference in further comparative genomics studies on Providencia bacteria. Due to a striking difference in the type of injectisome encoded by the respective genomes, P. vermicola might operate a fundamentally different mechanism of entomopathogenicity when compared to insect-pathogenic Providencia sneebia or Providencia burhodogranariea. The complete absence of antibiotic resistance gene carrying plasmids or mobile genetic elements as those causing multi drug resistance phenomena in clinical Providencia strains, is consistent with the invertebrate pathogen P. vermicola being in its natural environment efficiently excluded from the propagation routes of multidrug resistance (MDR) carrying genetic elements operating between human pathogens. Susceptibility to MDR plasmid acquisition will likely become a major criterion in the evaluation of P. vermicola for potential applications in biological pest control.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Genomics; Humans; Nematoda; Phylogeny; Providencia
PubMed: 34598677
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08027-w -
Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea) Jun 2011Multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Providentia carrying bla (PER-1) and bla (VIM-2) were evaluated for the abilities to form biofilm and high biofilm forming...
Multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Providentia carrying bla (PER-1) and bla (VIM-2) were evaluated for the abilities to form biofilm and high biofilm forming capacity was demonstrated in them. Minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs), minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs), and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for imipenem and meropenem were also determined. In all tested strains, the MBICs were higher than the MICs for both drugs. Interestingly, the MBICs and the MBEC(50) for meropenem were lower than those for imipenem in the isolates producing high amounts of biofilm, suggesting that meropenem is superior to imipenem in the growth inhibition and eradication of biofilm forming Providentia strains.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Carbapenems; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Imipenem; Meropenem; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Providencia; Thienamycins; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 21717342
DOI: 10.1007/s12275-011-1221-z -
European Journal of Clinical... Dec 1984Providencia stuartii has emerged as a significant nosocomial urinary tract pathogen. An increase in the number of Providencia isolates from urine cultures prompted an...
Providencia stuartii has emerged as a significant nosocomial urinary tract pathogen. An increase in the number of Providencia isolates from urine cultures prompted an investigation into the possibility of an outbreak due to this organism. A high proportion of patients studied had urinary devices. Four wards were screened at two time periods to ascertain the prevalence of Providencia stuartii in urine cultures. Biotype, serotype, antibiogram and plasmid content were determined for each Providencia isolate. Of 129 patients initially sampled 22.5% were found to harbor Providencia stuartii. Biotyping, serotyping and antibiograms indicated an epidemic strain was not present. Similar results were obtained when the wards were screened a second time, with 25.4% of urine cultures found to contain Providencia stuartii. By plasmid analysis the isolates could be grouped into one of ten profiles. A correlation could be made between urease activity and the presence of a large plasmid. No association however could be made between a particular plasmid profile and antibiogram. The data indicate that an epidemic strain of Providencia stuartii was not present. The source(s) of the endemic Providencia stuartii strains remain unknown.
Topics: Bacteriuria; Catheters, Indwelling; Cross Infection; Humans; Plasmids; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Providencia; Serotyping; Urease; Urinary Catheterization
PubMed: 6526019
DOI: 10.1007/BF02013611 -
PLoS Pathogens Sep 2022Bacteria from the genus Providencia are ubiquitous Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens, causing "travelers' diarrhea", urinary tract, and other nosocomial infections...
Lipopolysaccharide -mediated resistance to host antimicrobial peptides and hemocyte-derived reactive-oxygen species are the major Providencia alcalifaciens virulence factors in Drosophila melanogaster.
Bacteria from the genus Providencia are ubiquitous Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens, causing "travelers' diarrhea", urinary tract, and other nosocomial infections in humans. Some Providencia strains have also been isolated as natural pathogens of Drosophila melanogaster. Despite clinical relevance and extensive use in Drosophila immunity research, little is known about Providencia virulence mechanisms and the corresponding insect host defenses. To close this knowledge gap, we investigated the virulence factors of a representative Providencia species-P. alcalifaciens which is highly virulent to fruit flies and amenable to genetic manipulations. We generated a P. alcalifaciens transposon mutant library and performed an unbiased forward genetics screen in vivo for attenuated mutants. Our screen uncovered 23 mutants with reduced virulence. The vast majority of them had disrupted genes linked to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis or modifications. These LPS mutants were sensitive to cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in vitro and their virulence was restored in Drosophila mutants lacking most AMPs. Thus, LPS-mediated resistance to host AMPs is one of the virulence strategies of P. alcalifaciens. Another subset of P. alcalifaciens attenuated mutants exhibited increased susceptibility to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro and their virulence was rescued by chemical scavenging of ROS in flies prior to infection. Using genetic analysis, we found that the enzyme Duox specifically in hemocytes is the source of bactericidal ROS targeting P. alcalifaciens. Consistently, the virulence of ROS-sensitive P. alcalifaciens mutants was rescued in flies with Duox knockdown in hemocytes. Therefore, these genes function as virulence factors by helping bacteria to counteract the ROS immune response. Our reciprocal analysis of host-pathogen interactions between D. melanogaster and P. alcalifaciens identified that AMPs and hemocyte-derived ROS are the major defense mechanisms against P. alcalifaciens, while the ability of the pathogen to resist these host immune responses is its major virulence mechanism. Thus, our work revealed a host-pathogen conflict mediated by ROS and AMPs.
Topics: Animals; Antimicrobial Peptides; Drosophila melanogaster; Hemocytes; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Oxygen; Providencia; Reactive Oxygen Species; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 36084158
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010825 -
Infectious Disorders Drug Targets 2021The members of the tribe Proteeae, Morganella and Providencia are being increasingly recognized as important pathogens. The spectrum of disease caused by them is wide...
INTRODUCTION
The members of the tribe Proteeae, Morganella and Providencia are being increasingly recognized as important pathogens. The spectrum of disease caused by them is wide and in reported cases, the mortality is high. Previously both of these pathogens were considered to be rare pathogens as the potential to cause nosocomial transmission and infection was not much studied. But their phenomenal evolution and increase in multidrug-resistance (MDR) strains of these pathogens are posing a major threat toward public health throughout the world.
METHODS
This present study was carried out from July 2018 to December 2018 on all the pus and body fluid samples that were received in the Department of Microbiology. Samples were processed as per the standard Microbiological guidelines and also were analyzed for their antimicrobial susceptibility profile as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute.
RESULTS
Out of 8425 samples received, 2140 were culture positive, amongst which 19 samples (0.89%) were positive for Providencia species (9) and Morganella morganii(10). The male : female ratio of these 19 patients was 2.8 : 1 and maximum patients (13) belonged to 20-60 years. As far as risk factors are concerned, maximum patients were diabetics (7) followed by abnormal liver function tests (6), concomitant UTI (6), history of invasive procedure (5), prior exposure to antibiotics (5) and urinary catheterization (4). About 6 were polymicrobial infections. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns revealed that Providencia strains were sensitive to ampicillin- sulbactum (77.7%) and amikacin (77.7%), while all Morganella strains were 100% sensitive to tobramycin and piperacillintazobactam.
CONCLUSION
This study heralds in need for more research in this area as infections caused by these two pathogens are on the rise. Moreover, resistance to antimicrobials is also an increasingly common problem thus delaying the treatment and prognosis of the disease.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; India; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Morganella morganii; Providencia; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 31994472
DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200128162646 -
American Journal of Epidemiology Aug 1976The emergence of Providencia stuartii as a hospital pathogen in a burn unit was demonstrated by routine infection surveillance. The organism was initially recognized in...
The emergence of Providencia stuartii as a hospital pathogen in a burn unit was demonstrated by routine infection surveillance. The organism was initially recognized in a burn wound and subsequently in urine or sputum. Compared to controls, those patients harboring P. stuartii were similar in age and percentage of body surface burned and were more likely to have been in one of the two burn unit rooms, (p less than 0.02). Infection with P. stuartii was independent of duration in the Intensive Care Unit or Burn Unit, and of number of visits to hydrotherapy or operating rooms (OR). Once patients were colonized with P. stuartii they had greater morbidity than non-colonized patients as evidenced by longer stays in the unit and increased visits to the OR for debridement. P. stuartii was isolated from air samples (5/14) more commonly than from the hands of personnel. In vitro tests suggested that extensive use of parenteral gentamicin and replacement of the antibacterial topical cream sulfamylon by silver sulfadiazine favored the emergence of P. stuartii over Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the predominant colonizing organism.
Topics: Adult; Burns; Cross Infection; Epidemiologic Methods; Hospital Units; Humans; Pneumonia; Proteus; Providencia; Sputum; Urinary Tract Infections; Wound Infection
PubMed: 952286
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112287