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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 1986A total of 2,693 fecal specimens, with 1,422 from healthy persons and 1,271 from patients suffering from enteric diseases, was investigated to isolate species of the...
A total of 2,693 fecal specimens, with 1,422 from healthy persons and 1,271 from patients suffering from enteric diseases, was investigated to isolate species of the Morganella-Proteus-Providencia group and to evaluate the role of these bacteria in intestinal disorders. Most strains were isolated from two media, i.e., blood agar and tryptophan agar. Two of the species were more frequently found in diarrheal cases than in healthy controls. These species were Morganella morganii and Proteus mirabilis. Two new species of Enterobacteriaceae, i.e., Proteus penneri and Providencia rustigianii, were found in 33 and 5 people, respectively. However, these two species were not found more frequently in the diarrheal cases.
Topics: Culture Media; Diarrhea; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Feces; Germany, West; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Proteus; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Providencia
PubMed: 3517057
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.23.2.404-405.1986 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 1999The so-called Proteus-Providencia group is constituted at present by three genera and 10 species. Several of the recognized species are common opportunistic pathogens...
The so-called Proteus-Providencia group is constituted at present by three genera and 10 species. Several of the recognized species are common opportunistic pathogens for humans and animals. Different methods based on the study of phenotypic characters have been used in the past with variable levels of efficiency for typing some species for epidemiological purposes. We have determined the rRNA gene restriction patterns (ribotypes) for the type strains of the 10 different species of the genera Proteus, Morganella, and Providencia. Visual inspection of EcoRV- and HincII-digested DNA from the type strains showed remarkably different patterns for both enzymes, but EcoRV provided better differentiation. Both endonucleases were retained to study a large number of wild and collection strains belonging to the different species. Clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis, Proteus penneri, Morganella morganii, and Providencia heimbachae showed patterns identical or very similar to those of the respective type strains, so that groups of related patterns (ribogroups) were found to correspond to the diverse species. On the contrary, distinct ribogroups were detected within Providencia alcalifaciens (two ribogroups with both enzymes), Providencia rettgeri (four ribogroups with EcoRV and five with HincII), Providencia stuartii (two ribogroups with EcoRV), Providencia rustigianii (two ribogroups with HincII), and Proteus vulgaris (two ribogroups with both enzymes). The pattern shown by the ancient P. vulgaris type strain NCTC 4175 differed considerably from both P. vulgaris ribogroups as well as from the newly proposed type strain ATCC 29905 and from any other strain in this study, thus confirming its atypical nature. Minor differences were frequently observed among patterns of strains belonging to the same ribogroup. These differences were assumed to define ribotypes within each ribogroup. No correlation was observed between ribogroups or ribotypes and biogroups of P. vulgaris, P. alcalifaciens, P. stuartii, and P. rettgeri. Since, not only different species showed different rRNA gene restriction patterns, but also different ribogroups and ribotypes have been found in the majority of the species, ribotyping would be a sensitive method for molecular characterization of clinical isolates belonging to the genera Proteus, Morganella, and Providencia.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Ribosomal; Humans; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Proteus; Providencia; Restriction Mapping
PubMed: 10449462
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.37.9.2840-2847.1999 -
Biotechnology and Bioengineering Apr 20234-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) is an industrially important aromatic compound, and there is an urgent need to establish a bioprocess to produce this compound in a...
4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) is an industrially important aromatic compound, and there is an urgent need to establish a bioprocess to produce this compound in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner from renewable feedstocks such as cellulosic biomass. Here, we developed a bioprocess to directly produce 4-HBA from cellulose using a recombinant Pichia pastoris strain that displays heterologous cellulolytic enzymes on its cell surface via the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchoring system. β-glucosidase (BGL) from Aspergillus aculeatus, endoglucanase (EG) from Trichoderma reesei, and cellobiohydrolase (CBH) from Talaromyces emersonii were co-displayed on the cell surface of P. pastoris using an appropriate GPI-anchoring domain for each enzyme. The cell-surface cellulase activity was further enhanced using P. pastoris SPI1 promoter- and secretion signal sequences. The resulting strains efficiently hydrolyzed phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC) to glucose. Then, we expressed a highly 4-HBA-resistant chorismate pyruvate-lyase (UbiC) from Providencia rustigianii in the cellulase-displaying strain. This strain produced 975 mg/L of 4-HBA from PASC, which corresponding to 36.8% of the theoretical maximum yield, after 96 h of batch fermentation without the addition of commercial cellulase. This 4-HBA yield was over two times higher than that obtained from glucose (12.3% of the theoretical maximum yield). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the direct production of an aromatic compound from cellulose using cellulase-displaying yeast.
Topics: Cellulase; Cellulose; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Glucose
PubMed: 36575132
DOI: 10.1002/bit.28321 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Apr 2012Enterobacteria of the genus Providencia are opportunistic human pathogens associated with urinary tract and wound infections, as well as enteric diseases. The...
Enterobacteria of the genus Providencia are opportunistic human pathogens associated with urinary tract and wound infections, as well as enteric diseases. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen confers major antigenic variability upon the cell surface and is used for serotyping of Gram-negative bacteria. Recently, Providencia O antigen structures have been extensively studied, but no data on the location and organization of the O antigen gene cluster have been reported. In this study, the four Providencia genome sequences available were analysed, and the putative O antigen gene cluster was identified in the polymorphic locus between the cpxA and yibK genes. This finding provided the necessary information for designing primers, and cloning and sequencing the O antigen gene clusters from five more Providencia alcalifaciens strains. The gene functions predicted in silico were in agreement with the known O antigen structures; furthermore, annotation of the genes involved in the three-step synthesis of GDP-colitose (gmd, colD and colC) was supported by cloning and biochemical characterization of the corresponding enzymes. In one strain (P. alcalifaciens O39), no polysaccharide product of the gene cluster in the cpxA-yibK locus was found, and hence genes for synthesis of the existing O antigen are located elsewhere in the genome. In addition to the putative O antigen synthesis genes, homologues of wza, wzb, wzc and (in three strains) wzi, required for the surface expression of capsular polysaccharides, were found upstream of yibK in all species except Providencia rustigianii, suggesting that the LPS of these species may be attributed to the so-called K LPS (K(LPS)). The data obtained open a way for development of a PCR-based typing method for identification of Providencia isolates.
Topics: Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Bacterial; Genetic Loci; Guanosine Diphosphate Sugars; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; O Antigens; Providencia; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 22282517
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.055210-0 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023In this study, the biochemical, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial activity of the epiphytic leafy liverwort (L.) Dumort were investigated. Due to the scarcity...
In this study, the biochemical, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial activity of the epiphytic leafy liverwort (L.) Dumort were investigated. Due to the scarcity and difficulty in obtaining liverworts, research on their bioactivity is limited; thus, this study aimed to uncover the potential of . The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against various microorganisms, including food isolates, clinical isolates, multidrug-resistant strains, and standard strains, using the disk diffusion method and determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. This study represents the first antioxidant investigation on and an antimicrobial study using ethanol extract and the disk diffusion method. Notably, susceptibility was observed in ATCC 29212, FI, ATCC 7644, MDR, and ATCC 25923. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using the DPPH method, emphasizing the high scavenging performance. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified the primary compounds as frullanolide (19.08%), 2,3-Dimethylanisole (15.21%), linoleic acid (11.11%), palmitic acid (9.83%), and valerenic acid (5.3%). The results demonstrated the significant antimicrobial activity of against the tested microorganisms and its potent antioxidant properties. These findings emphasize the potential of as a promising source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents, underscoring the importance of further investigation into its bioactive compounds and elucidating the mechanisms of action in future studies.
PubMed: 37176934
DOI: 10.3390/plants12091877 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oct 1991The efficiency and accuracy of Enterosistem 18-R (Liofilchem s.r.l., Roseto degli Abruzzi, Teramo, Italy) were compared with those of conventional biochemical methods to... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The efficiency and accuracy of Enterosistem 18-R (Liofilchem s.r.l., Roseto degli Abruzzi, Teramo, Italy) were compared with those of conventional biochemical methods to identify 360 members (38 species) of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Overall, 329 strains (91.3%) were correctly identified (percentage of identification, greater than or equal to 90.0), with 37 (11.2%) requiring additional tests for complete identification. For 11 isolates (3.1%), Enterosistem 18-R gave only genus identifications, and for 14 (3.9%), the strains did not correspond to any key in the codebook and could not be identified by the manufacturer's computer service. Only six isolates (1.7%) were misidentified. The new system accurately identified common and several newly described isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae, such as Enterobacter gergoviae, Providencia rustigianii, Serratia odorifera, and Serratia rubidaea. The system is highly reproducible, simple to perform, easy to handle, and inexpensive. With adjustments in supplementary code numbers for some strains, Enterosistem 18-R is a suitable alternative for identification of members of the Enterobacteriaceae in clinical laboratories.
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Computers; Diagnostic Errors; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Species Specificity
PubMed: 1939588
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.29.10.2300-2304.1991 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Apr 1994The ability of the RapID onE system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Norcross, Ga.) to identify 364 strains in the family Enterobacteriaceae and 15...
The ability of the RapID onE system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Norcross, Ga.) to identify 364 strains in the family Enterobacteriaceae and 15 oxidase-negative, gram-negative, nonfermentative rods was evaluated. Kits were inoculated with no. 2 McFarland standard suspensions, and reactions were interpreted after 4 h of incubation at 35 degrees C. Overall, the method correctly identified (to the species level or to the genus level for salmonellas and non-Shigella sonnei Shigella species) 363 strains (95.8%) without additional tests. For four strains (1.0%), additional tests were required to delineate the correct identification from a range of two or more possibilities; these included one Serratia liquefaciens (Serratia marcescens or Serratia liquefaciens), one Serratia rubidaea (Serratia rubidaea or Serratia odorifera), one Salmonella typhi (Leminorella richardii or Salmonella sp.) and one Yersinia enterocolitica (Yersinia frederiksenii, Yersinia intermedia, or Yersinia enterocolitica). Twelve strains (3.2%) were misidentified or yielded codes with no identification; these comprised one Citrobacter amalonaticus (no identification), three Enterobacter hormaechei (not in the RapID onE database; two Enterobacter amnigenus, one Enterobacter sp.), one Serratia liquefaciens (Enterobacter cloacae), one Serratia rubidaea (no identification), four Serratia fonticola (not in RapID onE database; two Enterobacter aerogenes, one Serratia marcescens, one not identified), one Proteus mirabilis (Proteus penneri), and one Proteus vulgaris (Providencia rustigianii). If the seven strains not included in the database had been excluded, correct identification rates would have risen to 97.6% without additional tests and 98.7% with additional tests, with misidentification rates dropping to 1.3%. The RapID onE system is easy to set up and the results are easy to read, and the system provides an accurate, nonautomated commercially available method for the same-day identification of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and oxidase-negative, gram-negative nonfermenters.
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Enterobacteriaceae; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fermentation; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Oxidoreductases; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 8027345
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.4.931-934.1994 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Dec 2018Ammonia-producing bacteria were isolated and identified from five commercial fermented skates (A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5). In addition, the pH, ammonia nitrogen, total...
Ammonia-producing bacteria were isolated and identified from five commercial fermented skates (A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5). In addition, the pH, ammonia nitrogen, total volatile nitrogen (TVBN), trimethylamine nitrogen (TMAN), and amino nitrogen contents of skate samples were also determined. A total of 88 strains of ammonia-producing bacteria was isolated and seven hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria isolates (A2-2, A2-3, A2-12, A2-18, A2-20, A3-6 and A3-14) were selected based on ammonia nitrogen producing ability. Those isolates were identified as (three strains), (three strains), and . The pH and ammonia nitrogen content in skate samples were ranged from 8.63 to 9.03, and 4.86 to 7.31 g/kg, respectively. No significant difference of pH values was observed in skate samples A2, A3, A4 and A5. While, skate samples A3, A4 and A5 showed similar level of TVBN and TMAN content. Skate sample A2 showed the highest amino nitrogen content among all samples, which indicated the highest degree of protein degradation of skate muscle during fermentation. Bivariate cluster analysis showed that skate samples A3, A4, and A5 clustered together at a relatively high level, implying a similar microbial environment during fermentation. The cluster analysis allowed different commercial fermented skates to be clearly differentiated based on the characteristics determined in this study. This study can provide important information for investigating the mechanisms underlying ammonia flavor formation in skate muscle during fermentation.
PubMed: 30483004
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3447-9 -
Carbohydrate Research Jun 2004The O-specific polysaccharide was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of the marine bacterium Shewanella fidelis type strain KMM 3582T and...
Structure of an acidic O-specific polysaccharide from marine bacterium Shewanella fidelis KMM 3582T containing Nepsilon-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-Nalpha-(D-galacturonoyl)-L-lysine.
The O-specific polysaccharide was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of the marine bacterium Shewanella fidelis type strain KMM 3582T and studied by sugar analysis along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy including one-dimensional NOE in difference mode and two-dimensional experiments. The polysaccharide was found to consist of linear tetrasaccharide repeating units containing Nepsilon-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-Nalpha-(D-galacturonoyl)-L-lysine and having the following structure: [See text.] The amide of D-galacturonic acid with Nepsilon-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-lysine ('alaninolysine', 2S,8S-AlaLys) was found for the first time in nature as a component of the O-specific polysaccharide of Providencia rustigianii O14 (Carbohydr. Res. 2003, 338, 1009-1016).
Topics: Acetic Acid; Acetylation; Amides; Carbohydrate Sequence; Carbon Isotopes; Glycosylation; Hydrolysis; Lipopolysaccharides; Lysine; Molecular Sequence Data; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; O Antigens; Polysaccharides; Shewanella
PubMed: 15183741
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.04.003