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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 1983The name Providencia rustigianii sp. nov. is proposed for a group of organisms previously known as Providencia alcalifaciens biogroup 3. By DNA hybridization, strains of...
The name Providencia rustigianii sp. nov. is proposed for a group of organisms previously known as Providencia alcalifaciens biogroup 3. By DNA hybridization, strains of P. rustigianii were 81 to 99% related to each other at 60 degrees C, but only 44 to 49% related to P. alcalifaciens biogroups 1 and 2 and 26 to 33% related to Providencia stuartii. P. rustigianii could be differentiated from P. alcalifaciens and P. stuartii by simple biochemical tests. P. rustigianii produced acid from D-galactose but not from trehalose; P. stuartii produced acid from both; and P. alcalifaciens produced acid from neither. P. rustigianii could be distinguished from Providencia rettgeri (formerly Proteus rettgeri) by urea hydrolysis and acid production from D-arabitol; P. rustigianii was negative for these two tests, but P. rettgeri was positive. Strains of P. rustiganii were 32 to 34% related to strains of P. rettgeri. Three of the 11 strains of P. rustigianii were isolated from stools, but the sources of the other isolates are unknown. Three strains (27%) were sensitive to colistin, and 82 to 100% were sensitive to ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Strain ATCC 33673 (CDC no. 0132-68) is the type strain for this species.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; DNA, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Proteus; Providencia
PubMed: 6874899
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.17.6.1057-1060.1983 -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... May 2020A general and efficient strategy for synthesis of tri-, hexa- and heptasaccharidic substructures of the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia rustigianii O34 is described....
A general and efficient strategy for synthesis of tri-, hexa- and heptasaccharidic substructures of the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia rustigianii O34 is described. For the heptasaccharide seven different building blocks were employed. Special features of the structures are an α-linked galactosamine and the two embedded α-fucose units, which are either branched at positions-3 and -4 or further linked at their 2-position. Convergent strategies focused on [4+3], [3+4], and [4+2+1] couplings. Whereas the [4+3] and [3+4] coupling strategies failed the [4+2+1] strategy was successful. As monosaccharidic building blocks trichloroacetimidates and phosphates were employed. Global deprotection of the fully protected structures was achieved by Birch reaction.
PubMed: 32092205
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000496 -
Infection and Immunity Jun 2023Providencia rustigianii is potentially enteropathogenic in humans. Recently, we identified a strain carrying a part of the gene homologous to that of that produces an...
Providencia rustigianii is potentially enteropathogenic in humans. Recently, we identified a strain carrying a part of the gene homologous to that of that produces an exotoxin called cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), encoded by three subunit genes (, , and ). In this study, we analyzed the strain for possible presence of the entire gene cluster and its organization, location, and mobility, as well as expression of the toxin as a putative virulence factor of . Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the presence of the three subunit genes in tandem, and over 94% homology to the corresponding genes carried by P. alcalifaciens both at nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels. The strain produced biologically active CDT, which caused distension of eukaryotic cell lines with characteristic tropism of CHO and Caco-2 cells but not of Vero cells. S1-nuclease digested pulsed-field gel electrophoresis followed by Southern hybridization analysis demonstrated that the genes in both and P. alcalifaciens strains are located on large plasmids (140 to 170 kb). Subsequently, conjugation assays using a genetically marked derivative of the strain showed that the plasmid carrying genes in the was transferable to gene-negative recipient strains of , Providencia rettgeri, and Escherichia coli. Our results demonstrated the presence of genes in for the first time, and further showed that the genes are located on a transferable plasmid, which can potentially spread to other bacterial species.
Topics: Animals; Chlorocebus aethiops; Humans; Providencia; Vero Cells; Caco-2 Cells; Escherichia coli
PubMed: 37158737
DOI: 10.1128/iai.00121-22 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 1999The so-called Proteus-Providencia group is constituted at present by three genera and 10 species. Several of the recognized species are common opportunistic pathogens...
The so-called Proteus-Providencia group is constituted at present by three genera and 10 species. Several of the recognized species are common opportunistic pathogens for humans and animals. Different methods based on the study of phenotypic characters have been used in the past with variable levels of efficiency for typing some species for epidemiological purposes. We have determined the rRNA gene restriction patterns (ribotypes) for the type strains of the 10 different species of the genera Proteus, Morganella, and Providencia. Visual inspection of EcoRV- and HincII-digested DNA from the type strains showed remarkably different patterns for both enzymes, but EcoRV provided better differentiation. Both endonucleases were retained to study a large number of wild and collection strains belonging to the different species. Clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis, Proteus penneri, Morganella morganii, and Providencia heimbachae showed patterns identical or very similar to those of the respective type strains, so that groups of related patterns (ribogroups) were found to correspond to the diverse species. On the contrary, distinct ribogroups were detected within Providencia alcalifaciens (two ribogroups with both enzymes), Providencia rettgeri (four ribogroups with EcoRV and five with HincII), Providencia stuartii (two ribogroups with EcoRV), Providencia rustigianii (two ribogroups with HincII), and Proteus vulgaris (two ribogroups with both enzymes). The pattern shown by the ancient P. vulgaris type strain NCTC 4175 differed considerably from both P. vulgaris ribogroups as well as from the newly proposed type strain ATCC 29905 and from any other strain in this study, thus confirming its atypical nature. Minor differences were frequently observed among patterns of strains belonging to the same ribogroup. These differences were assumed to define ribotypes within each ribogroup. No correlation was observed between ribogroups or ribotypes and biogroups of P. vulgaris, P. alcalifaciens, P. stuartii, and P. rettgeri. Since, not only different species showed different rRNA gene restriction patterns, but also different ribogroups and ribotypes have been found in the majority of the species, ribotyping would be a sensitive method for molecular characterization of clinical isolates belonging to the genera Proteus, Morganella, and Providencia.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Ribosomal; Humans; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Proteus; Providencia; Restriction Mapping
PubMed: 10449462
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.37.9.2840-2847.1999 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Mar 2018was metabolically engineered to produce 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), a valuable aromatic compound used as a raw material for the production of liquid crystal polymers...
was metabolically engineered to produce 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), a valuable aromatic compound used as a raw material for the production of liquid crystal polymers and paraben. was found to have a higher tolerance to 4-HBA toxicity than previously reported hosts used for the production of genetically engineered 4-HBA. To obtain higher titers of 4-HBA, we employed a stepwise overexpression of all seven target genes in the shikimate pathway in Specifically, multiple chromosomal integrations of a mutated gene from , encoding a 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonic acid 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase, and wild-type from , encoding chorismate synthase, shikimate kinase, and 3-dehydroquinate synthase, were effective in increasing product titers. The last step of the 4-HBA biosynthesis pathway was recreated in by expressing a highly 4-HBA-resistant chorismate pyruvate-lyase (UbiC) from the intestinal bacterium To enhance the yield of 4-HBA, we reduced the formation of by-products, such as 1,3-dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate, by deleting , a gene coding for a haloacid dehalogenase superfamily phosphatase, and , a gene coding for a pyruvate kinase, from the bacterial chromosome. The maximum concentration of 4-HBA produced by the resultant strain was 36.6 g/liter, with a yield of 41% (mol/mol) glucose after incubation for 24 h in minimal medium in an aerobic growth-arrested bioprocess using a jar fermentor. To our knowledge, this is the highest concentration of 4-HBA produced by a metabolically engineered microorganism ever reported. Since aromatic compound 4-HBA has been chemically produced from petroleum-derived phenol for a long time, eco-friendly bioproduction of 4-HBA from biomass resources is desired in order to address environmental issues. In microbial chemical production, product toxicity often causes problems, but we confirmed that wild-type has high tolerance to the target 4-HBA. A growth-arrested bioprocess using this microorganism has been successfully used for the production of various compounds, such as biofuels, organic acids, and amino acids. However, no production method has been applied for aromatic compounds to date. In this study, we screened for a novel final reaction enzyme possessing characteristics superior to those in previously employed microbial 4-HBA production. We demonstrated that the use of the highly 4-HBA-resistant UbiC from the intestinal bacterium is very effective in increasing 4-HBA production.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Glucose; Metabolic Engineering; Parabens
PubMed: 29305513
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02587-17 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Apr 2012Enterobacteria of the genus Providencia are opportunistic human pathogens associated with urinary tract and wound infections, as well as enteric diseases. The...
Enterobacteria of the genus Providencia are opportunistic human pathogens associated with urinary tract and wound infections, as well as enteric diseases. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen confers major antigenic variability upon the cell surface and is used for serotyping of Gram-negative bacteria. Recently, Providencia O antigen structures have been extensively studied, but no data on the location and organization of the O antigen gene cluster have been reported. In this study, the four Providencia genome sequences available were analysed, and the putative O antigen gene cluster was identified in the polymorphic locus between the cpxA and yibK genes. This finding provided the necessary information for designing primers, and cloning and sequencing the O antigen gene clusters from five more Providencia alcalifaciens strains. The gene functions predicted in silico were in agreement with the known O antigen structures; furthermore, annotation of the genes involved in the three-step synthesis of GDP-colitose (gmd, colD and colC) was supported by cloning and biochemical characterization of the corresponding enzymes. In one strain (P. alcalifaciens O39), no polysaccharide product of the gene cluster in the cpxA-yibK locus was found, and hence genes for synthesis of the existing O antigen are located elsewhere in the genome. In addition to the putative O antigen synthesis genes, homologues of wza, wzb, wzc and (in three strains) wzi, required for the surface expression of capsular polysaccharides, were found upstream of yibK in all species except Providencia rustigianii, suggesting that the LPS of these species may be attributed to the so-called K LPS (K(LPS)). The data obtained open a way for development of a PCR-based typing method for identification of Providencia isolates.
Topics: Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Bacterial; Genetic Loci; Guanosine Diphosphate Sugars; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; O Antigens; Providencia; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 22282517
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.055210-0 -
BMC Research Notes Oct 2017Providencia are gram negative motile rods and is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. It consists of five species, namely Providencia alcalifaciens, Providencia...
BACKGROUND
Providencia are gram negative motile rods and is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. It consists of five species, namely Providencia alcalifaciens, Providencia rustigianii, Providencia stuartii, Providencia rettgeri and Providencia heimbachae. These are opportunistic pathogens and leads to infections in immunocompromised host. Providencia rettgeri has been associated with the nosocomial infections of the urinary tract and infections of wounds, burns and blood. Providencia rettgeri is very rare cause of neonatal sepsis and we report first case of neonatal late onset sepsis secondary to it.
CASE PRESENTATION
A term male infant presented on day 4 of post-natal life with the complaint of decreased appetite, fast respiration and lethargy. The clinical examination showed features of sepsis and shock with chest radiogram showing pneumonia. The infant was started on invasive ventilation, intravenous fluids, antibiotic and inotropes. The blood culture was suggestive of multi-drug resistant P. rettgeri. The antibiotics were changed according to organism antibiotic susceptibility pattern and infant gradually improved and was discharged successfully.
CONCLUSION
Providencia rettgeri is a very rare organism to cause neonatal sepsis. The management involves early diagnosis, treatment with appropriate antibiotics and finding the source of infection.
Topics: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Neonatal Sepsis; Providencia
PubMed: 29084590
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2866-4 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oct 1991The efficiency and accuracy of Enterosistem 18-R (Liofilchem s.r.l., Roseto degli Abruzzi, Teramo, Italy) were compared with those of conventional biochemical methods to... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The efficiency and accuracy of Enterosistem 18-R (Liofilchem s.r.l., Roseto degli Abruzzi, Teramo, Italy) were compared with those of conventional biochemical methods to identify 360 members (38 species) of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Overall, 329 strains (91.3%) were correctly identified (percentage of identification, greater than or equal to 90.0), with 37 (11.2%) requiring additional tests for complete identification. For 11 isolates (3.1%), Enterosistem 18-R gave only genus identifications, and for 14 (3.9%), the strains did not correspond to any key in the codebook and could not be identified by the manufacturer's computer service. Only six isolates (1.7%) were misidentified. The new system accurately identified common and several newly described isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae, such as Enterobacter gergoviae, Providencia rustigianii, Serratia odorifera, and Serratia rubidaea. The system is highly reproducible, simple to perform, easy to handle, and inexpensive. With adjustments in supplementary code numbers for some strains, Enterosistem 18-R is a suitable alternative for identification of members of the Enterobacteriaceae in clinical laboratories.
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Computers; Diagnostic Errors; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Species Specificity
PubMed: 1939588
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.29.10.2300-2304.1991 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023In this study, the biochemical, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial activity of the epiphytic leafy liverwort (L.) Dumort were investigated. Due to the scarcity...
In this study, the biochemical, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial activity of the epiphytic leafy liverwort (L.) Dumort were investigated. Due to the scarcity and difficulty in obtaining liverworts, research on their bioactivity is limited; thus, this study aimed to uncover the potential of . The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against various microorganisms, including food isolates, clinical isolates, multidrug-resistant strains, and standard strains, using the disk diffusion method and determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. This study represents the first antioxidant investigation on and an antimicrobial study using ethanol extract and the disk diffusion method. Notably, susceptibility was observed in ATCC 29212, FI, ATCC 7644, MDR, and ATCC 25923. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using the DPPH method, emphasizing the high scavenging performance. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified the primary compounds as frullanolide (19.08%), 2,3-Dimethylanisole (15.21%), linoleic acid (11.11%), palmitic acid (9.83%), and valerenic acid (5.3%). The results demonstrated the significant antimicrobial activity of against the tested microorganisms and its potent antioxidant properties. These findings emphasize the potential of as a promising source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents, underscoring the importance of further investigation into its bioactive compounds and elucidating the mechanisms of action in future studies.
PubMed: 37176934
DOI: 10.3390/plants12091877 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Dec 2018Ammonia-producing bacteria were isolated and identified from five commercial fermented skates (A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5). In addition, the pH, ammonia nitrogen, total...
Ammonia-producing bacteria were isolated and identified from five commercial fermented skates (A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5). In addition, the pH, ammonia nitrogen, total volatile nitrogen (TVBN), trimethylamine nitrogen (TMAN), and amino nitrogen contents of skate samples were also determined. A total of 88 strains of ammonia-producing bacteria was isolated and seven hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria isolates (A2-2, A2-3, A2-12, A2-18, A2-20, A3-6 and A3-14) were selected based on ammonia nitrogen producing ability. Those isolates were identified as (three strains), (three strains), and . The pH and ammonia nitrogen content in skate samples were ranged from 8.63 to 9.03, and 4.86 to 7.31 g/kg, respectively. No significant difference of pH values was observed in skate samples A2, A3, A4 and A5. While, skate samples A3, A4 and A5 showed similar level of TVBN and TMAN content. Skate sample A2 showed the highest amino nitrogen content among all samples, which indicated the highest degree of protein degradation of skate muscle during fermentation. Bivariate cluster analysis showed that skate samples A3, A4, and A5 clustered together at a relatively high level, implying a similar microbial environment during fermentation. The cluster analysis allowed different commercial fermented skates to be clearly differentiated based on the characteristics determined in this study. This study can provide important information for investigating the mechanisms underlying ammonia flavor formation in skate muscle during fermentation.
PubMed: 30483004
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3447-9