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Clinical & Translational Immunology 2022Antitumor viral vaccines, and more particularly poxviral vaccines, represent an active field for clinical development and translational research. To improve the efficacy...
OBJECTIVE
Antitumor viral vaccines, and more particularly poxviral vaccines, represent an active field for clinical development and translational research. To improve the efficacy and treatment outcome, new viral vectors are sought, with emphasis on their abilities to stimulate innate immunity, to display tumor antigens and to induce a specific T-cell response.
METHODS
We screened for a new poxviral backbone with improved innate and adaptive immune stimulation using IFN-α secretion levels in infected PBMC cultures as selection criteria. Assessment of virus effectiveness was made and .
RESULTS
The bovine pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) stood out among several poxviruses for its ability to induce significant secretion of IFN-α. PCPV produced efficient activation of human monocytes and dendritic cells, degranulation of NK cells and reversed MDSC-induced T-cell suppression, without being offensive to activated T cells. A PCPV-based vaccine, encoding the HPV16 E7 protein (PCPV-E7), stimulated strong antigen-specific T-cell responses in TC1 tumor-bearing mice. Complete regression of tumors was obtained in a CD8 T-cell-dependent manner after intratumoral injection of PCPV-E7, followed by intravenous injection of the cancer vaccine MVA-E7. PCPV also proved active when injected repeatedly intratumorally in MC38 tumor-bearing mice, generating tumor-specific T-cell responses without encoding a specific MC38 antigen. From a translational perspective, we demonstrated that PCPV-E7 effectively stimulated IFN-γ production by T cells from tumor-draining lymph nodes of HPV-infected cancer patients.
CONCLUSION
We propose PCPV as a viral vector suitable for vaccination in the field of personalised cancer vaccines, in particular for heterologous prime-boost regimens.
PubMed: 35573979
DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1392 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Jun 2022The pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) is recognized for causing exanthematic lesions in cattle and humans. The diagnosis is important because it is a zoonosis and its clinical...
The pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) is recognized for causing exanthematic lesions in cattle and humans. The diagnosis is important because it is a zoonosis and its clinical signs can be confused with foot-and-mouth disease, a high-impact bovine disease in livestock. The objective of this work is to validate a SYBR Green qPCR and a conventional PCR for virus detection in bovine samples. Detection limit tests, repeatability, reproducibility, sensitivity, and specificity were compared. When two analysts were compared, results demonstrated that training and pipetting influence the repeatability. The qPCR was more sensitive than conventional PCR but showed nonspecific reactions distinguishable by the melting curve. Both showed high repeatability and reproducibility.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Pathology, Molecular; Poxviridae Infections; Pseudocowpox Virus; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 35220553
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00664-3 -
Archives of Virology Jan 2021Pseudocowpox is a zoonosis caused by pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), which mainly affects cows but can be an occupational disease of humans. The aim of the study was to...
Pseudocowpox is a zoonosis caused by pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), which mainly affects cows but can be an occupational disease of humans. The aim of the study was to validate a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for the detection of PCPV. The assay was able to detect up to 1000 copies of PCPV per µL in field samples, with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 100%. We did not observe any cross-reactivity between PCPV-positive samples and samples that were positive for other genetically similar viruses. The repeatability and reproducibility were adequate according to parameters preestablished in official test validation manuals.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Poxviridae Infections; Pseudocowpox Virus; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Zoonoses
PubMed: 33159590
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04872-4 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jul 2020The present report describes a case of pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) infection in a seven-year-old female bison euthanized due to a history of declining condition and sores...
BACKGROUND
The present report describes a case of pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) infection in a seven-year-old female bison euthanized due to a history of declining condition and sores on the vulva and udder.
CASE PRESENTATION
External examination revealed multifocal, raised, keratinized plaques (0.5-2 cm) covering the skin of the ventral surface of the tail, perineum, caudoventral abdomen, udder, both inguinal recesses, and the medial aspects of both thighs. No significant gross lesions were present in the reminder of the tissues examined. Histopathological examination of the affected skin showed moderate epidermal hyperplasia with rete pegs, marked parakeratotic hyperkeratosis with crusts of degenerate neutrophils and cell debris, and few epithelial cells undergoing ballooning degeneration with occasional eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (3-5 μm Bollinger body). Negative staining electron microscopy from skin revealed typical Parapoxvirus (PPV) particles, which were also confirmed by real-time PCR (Ct =18.6). Metagenomic analysis of the skin samples revealed only poxviruses. The bison parapox B2L envelope gene clustered with other parapox sequences identified from ruminants.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report of PCPV virus infection in an American bison. Identification of novel susceptible hosts of parapox viruses sheds light on the viral evolution and highlights the importance of potential economic impact of this disease to the bison industry.
Topics: Animals; Bison; DNA, Viral; Female; Kansas; Microscopy, Electron; Poxviridae Infections; Pseudocowpox Virus; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Skin Diseases, Viral
PubMed: 32660468
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02464-7 -
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology... Dec 2016In 2011, an outbreak of severe vesicular disease occurred in the state of Pará, Amazon region. Besides proliferative or verrucous lesions, cattle showed atypical...
In 2011, an outbreak of severe vesicular disease occurred in the state of Pará, Amazon region. Besides proliferative or verrucous lesions, cattle showed atypical clinical signs such as diarrhea and leading to death. The animals were submitted to clinical, pathological and molecular diagnosis, and laboratory tests have confirmed the presence of Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), a Parapoxvirus genus member, and have also found Bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (BVDV-1), probably causing persistent infection. The results of molecular diagnostics, followed by sequencing data demonstrated the circulation of both viruses (PCPV and BVDV-1) in an area previously affected by another poxvirus, as Vaccinia virus.The cocirculation between PCPV and BVDV-1 indicates a major concern for animal health because the clinical presentation can be a severe disease. This is the first detection of PCPV in the Brazilian Amazon.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Viral; Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease; Brazil; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Coinfection; Diarrhea; Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral; Disease Outbreaks; Phylogeny; Poxviridae Infections; Pseudocowpox Virus; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 27865267
DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.09.005 -
Archives of Virology Nov 2020Two cases of coinfection with bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) and pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) in dairy calves in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan, are reported. Sequences...
Two cases of coinfection with bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) and pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) in dairy calves in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan, are reported. Sequences of BPSV and PCPV were simultaneously detected in the same polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons, which were obtained from the DNA of two dairy calves using a pan-parapoxvirus primer set. PCR amplification using BPSV- and PCPV-specific primer sets were able to distinguish between the two viruses in coinfected clinical samples. Based on these data, further studies on the occurrence BPSV/PCPV coinfections in cattle in Japan are warranted.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Coinfection; Female; Japan; Male; Parapoxvirus; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Poxviridae Infections; Pseudocowpox Virus
PubMed: 32880730
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04792-3 -
Virology Journal Oct 2020Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) of the genus Parapoxvirus in the family Poxviridae causes pseudocowpox in cattle worldwide and presents a zoonotic concern. Most poxviruses...
BACKGROUND
Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) of the genus Parapoxvirus in the family Poxviridae causes pseudocowpox in cattle worldwide and presents a zoonotic concern. Most poxviruses produce diseases of similar clinical signs in affected animals, which are impossible to differentiate clinically or by serology. It is, therefore, vital to use molecular assays to rapidly identify the causative agents of poxvirus infections. This study aimed to detect, diagnose, and characterize the causative agent of pox-like skin lesions in a cattle herd in Zambia, initially suspected to be infected with Lumpy Skin Disease virus.
METHODS
We used a High-Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis assay to detect the PCPV genome and sequenced the major envelope protein (B2L gene) for comparative sequence and phylogenetic analysis.
RESULTS
Our field investigations showed cattle presenting atypical skin lesions and high morbidity within the herd. The laboratory diagnosis, based on the HRM assay revealed PCPV DNA in the samples. Phylogenetic and comparative sequence analyses confirmed PCPV in the samples and revealed genomic differences between samples collected in 2017 and 2018 from the same farm.
CONCLUSION
Our work is the first documented report of PCPV in Zambia. It shows the strength of molecular methods to diagnose pox-like infections in cattle and discriminate between diseases causing similar clinical signs. This rapid and accurate diagnosis improves the response time for more accurate veterinary interventions.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Phylogeny; Poxviridae Infections; Pseudocowpox Virus; Skin; Zambia
PubMed: 33036619
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01426-7 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Mar 2019We detected parapoxviruses from environmental samples and calves with and without intraoral clinical signs and conducted molecular and serological analyses. Pseudocowpox...
We detected parapoxviruses from environmental samples and calves with and without intraoral clinical signs and conducted molecular and serological analyses. Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) was detected from a calf showing anorexia, frothy salivation, and erosion in the mucosa of the lip and tongue. At the time that PCPV was detected, bovine papular stomatitis viruses (BPSVs) were detected in environmental samples as well as in calves without intraoral clinical signs. BPSV, but not PCPV, was detected in the same calf after 22 days. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that genetically different PCPV strains exist in Japan. This is the first report on the detection of PCPV and BPSV sequentially in the same calf and coexistence of PCPV and BPSV in the same farm in Japan.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Japan; Male; Parapoxvirus; Phylogeny; Poxviridae Infections
PubMed: 30674740
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0367 -
Virusdisease 2014Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) infects cattle throughout the world and has zoonotic potential. However, it is not known to infect cattle in Turkey. In August 2013, we...
Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) infects cattle throughout the world and has zoonotic potential. However, it is not known to infect cattle in Turkey. In August 2013, we observed ulcerative nodular swelling and pustules on udder and teats of a cow in a small village nearly Lake of Bafa, Milas, Mugla locate in southwestern part of Turkey. Interestingly, the similar lesions were also observed on skin of milkier women's hand at the same time. A PCPV strain was characterized based on the major envelop gene sequence. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated strain was closely related to the members of other parapoxvirus genus. This study provides the first description of PCPV infection in Turkey.
PubMed: 25674608
DOI: 10.1007/s13337-014-0214-z -
Microorganisms Apr 2020The molecular identification of arboviruses in West Africa is of particular interest, due to their zoonotic potential in a population living in close contact with...
The molecular identification of arboviruses in West Africa is of particular interest, due to their zoonotic potential in a population living in close contact with livestock, and in a region where the livestock migration across borders raises the risk of diseases infection and dissemination. The aim of the study was the screening of potential circulating arboviruses and the assessment of their zoonotic implications. Therefore, ticks were collected on cattle located in three provinces of eastern Burkina Faso. Tick pools were tested using a panel of genus-specific real-time assays targeting conserved regions of parapoxvirus, orthopoxvirus, flavivirus and phlebovirus. On the 26 farms visited, a total of 663 ticks were collected. Four genera and six tick species were morphologically identified, with and spp. being the most represented species. No arboviruses were found. However, this study highlights the presence of pseudocowpox virus (8.2%) and bovine papular stomatitis virus (5.8%) among the positive tick pools. BPSV positive ticks were found in herds sharing water and pastures resources and with a history of seasonal transhumance. Therefore, common grazing and the seasonal transhumance are likely to support the transmission of the virus. This could have important health and economic impacts, especially regarding transboundary cattle movements.
PubMed: 32354102
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050644