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World Journal of Microbiology &... Nov 2019Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common, Gram-negative environmental organism. It can be a significant pathogenic factor of severe infections in humans, especially... (Review)
Review
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common, Gram-negative environmental organism. It can be a significant pathogenic factor of severe infections in humans, especially in cystic fibrosis patients. Due to its natural resistance to antibiotics and the ability to form biofilms, infection with this pathogen can cause severe therapeutic problems. In recent years, metabolomic studies of P. aeruginosa have been performed. Therefore, in this review, we discussed recent achievements in the use of metabolomics methods in bacterial identification, differentiation, the interconnection between genome and metabolome, the influence of external factors on the bacterial metabolome and identification of new metabolites produced by P. aeruginosa. All of these studies may provide valuable information about metabolic pathways leading to an understanding of the adaptations of bacterial strains to a host environment, which can lead to new drug development and/or elaboration of new treatment and diagnostics strategies for Pseudomonas.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Genome, Bacterial; Host Microbial Interactions; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 31701321
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2739-1 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2021is a dominant pathogen in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) contributing to morbidity and mortality. Its tremendous ability to adapt greatly facilitates its capacity to... (Review)
Review
is a dominant pathogen in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) contributing to morbidity and mortality. Its tremendous ability to adapt greatly facilitates its capacity to cause chronic infections. The adaptability and flexibility of the pathogen are afforded by the extensive number of virulence factors it has at its disposal, providing with the facility to tailor its response against the different stressors in the environment. A deep understanding of these virulence mechanisms is crucial for the design of therapeutic strategies and vaccines against this multi-resistant pathogen. Therefore, this review describes the main virulence factors of and the adaptations it undergoes to persist in hostile environments such as the CF respiratory tract. The very large genome (5 to 7 MB) contributes considerably to its adaptive capacity; consequently, genomic studies have provided significant insights into elucidating evolution and its interactions with the host throughout the course of infection.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Biofilms; Humans; Lung; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quorum Sensing; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 33803907
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063128 -
Biologicals : Journal of the... Jan 2014Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative pathogen that has become an important cause of infection, especially in patients with compromised host defense mechanisms. It... (Review)
Review
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative pathogen that has become an important cause of infection, especially in patients with compromised host defense mechanisms. It is frequently related to nosocomial infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs) and bacteremia. The biofilm formed by the bacteria allows it to adhere to any surface, living or non-living and thus Pseudomonal infections can involve any part of the body. Further, the adaptive and genetic changes of the micro-organisms within the biofilm make them resistant to all known antimicrobial agents making the Pseudomonal infections complicated and life threatening. Pel, Psl and Alg operons present in P. aeruginosa are responsible for the biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharide which plays an important role in cell-cell and cell-surface interactions during biofilm formation. Understanding the bacterial virulence which depends on a large number of cell-associated and extracellular factors is essential to know the potential drug targets for future studies. Current novel methods like small molecule based inhibitors, phytochemicals, bacteriophage therapy, photodynamic therapy, antimicrobial peptides, monoclonal antibodies and nanoparticles to curtail the biofilm formed by P. aeruginosa are being discussed in this review.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 24309094
DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2013.11.001 -
Microbial Ecology Jul 2014Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous organism that is the focus of intense research because of its prominent role in disease. Due to its relatively large genome and... (Review)
Review
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous organism that is the focus of intense research because of its prominent role in disease. Due to its relatively large genome and flexible metabolic capabilities, this organism exploits numerous environmental niches. It is an opportunistic pathogen that sets upon the human host when the normal immune defenses are disabled. Its deadliness is most apparent in cystic fibrosis patients, but it also is a major problem in burn wounds, chronic wounds, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, surface growth on implanted biomaterials, and within hospital surface and water supplies, where it poses a host of threats to vulnerable patients (Peleg and Hooper, N Engl J Med 362:1804-1813, 2010; Breathnach et al., J Hosp Infect 82:19-24, 2012). Once established in the patient, P. aeruginosa can be especially difficult to treat. The genome encodes a host of resistance genes, including multidrug efflux pumps (Poole, J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 3:255-264, 2001) and enzymes conferring resistance to beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibotics (Vahdani et al., Annal Burns Fire Disast 25:78-81, 2012), making therapy against this gram-negative pathogen particularly challenging due to the lack of novel antimicrobial therapeutics (Lewis, Nature 485: 439-440, 2012). This challenge is compounded by the ability of P. aeruginosa to grow in a biofilm, which may enhance its ability to cause infections by protecting bacteria from host defenses and chemotherapy. Here, we review recent studies of P. aeruginosa biofilms with a focus on how this unique mode of growth contributes to its ability to cause recalcitrant infections.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Cystic Fibrosis; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Immune System; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 24096885
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0297-x -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Jan 2020is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen and a model bacterium for studying virulence and bacterial social traits. While it can be isolated in low numbers from a wide...
is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen and a model bacterium for studying virulence and bacterial social traits. While it can be isolated in low numbers from a wide variety of environments including soil and water, it can readily be found in almost any human/animal-impacted environment. It is a major cause of illness and death in humans with immunosuppressive and chronic conditions, and infections in these patients are difficult to treat due to a number of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and the organism's propensity to form multicellular biofilms.
Topics: Animals; Biofilms; Biological Evolution; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Phylogeny; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Virulence
PubMed: 31597590
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000860 -
FEMS Microbiology Reviews Sep 2017Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the γ-proteobacteria. Like other members of the Pseudomonas genus, it is known for its metabolic... (Review)
Review
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the γ-proteobacteria. Like other members of the Pseudomonas genus, it is known for its metabolic versatility and its ability to colonize a wide range of ecological niches, such as rhizosphere, water environments and animal hosts, including humans where it can cause severe infections. Another particularity of P. aeruginosa is its high intrinsic resistance to antiseptics and antibiotics, which is partly due to its low outer membrane permeability. In contrast to Enterobacteria, pseudomonads do not possess general diffusion porins in their outer membrane, but rather express specific channel proteins for the uptake of different nutrients. The major outer membrane 'porin', OprF, has been extensively investigated, and displays structural, adhesion and signaling functions while its role in the diffusion of nutrients is still under discussion. Other porins include OprB and OprB2 for the diffusion of glucose, the two small outer membrane proteins OprG and OprH, and the two porins involved in phosphate/pyrophosphate uptake, OprP and OprO. The remaining nineteen porins belong to the so-called OprD (Occ) family, which is further split into two subfamilies termed OccD (8 members) and OccK (11 members). In the past years, a large amount of information concerning the structure, function and regulation of these porins has been published, justifying why an updated review is timely.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Porins; Protein Conformation; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 28981745
DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux020 -
Microbes and Environments 2013Microbes interact with each other in multicellular communities and this interaction enables certain microorganisms to survive in various environments. Pseudomonas... (Review)
Review
Microbes interact with each other in multicellular communities and this interaction enables certain microorganisms to survive in various environments. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly adaptable bacterium that ubiquitously inhabits diverse environments including soil, marine habitats, plants and animals. Behind this adaptivity, P. aeruginosa has abilities not only to outcompete others but also to communicate with each other to develop a multispecies community. In this review, we focus on how P. aeruginosa interacts with other microorganisms. P. aeruginosa secretes antimicrobial chemicals to compete and signal molecules to cooperate with other organisms. In other cases, it directly conveys antimicrobial enzymes to other bacteria using the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) or membrane vesicles (MVs). Quorum sensing is a central regulatory system used to exert their ability including antimicrobial effects and cooperation with other microbes. At least three quorum sensing systems are found in P. aeruginosa, Las, Rhl and Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) systems. These quorum-sensing systems control the synthesis of extracellular antimicrobial chemicals as well as interaction with other organisms via T6SS or MVs. In addition, we explain the potential of microbial interaction analysis using several micro devices, which would bring fresh sensitivity to the study of interspecies interaction between P. aeruginosa and other organisms.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Microbial Interactions; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quorum Sensing; Signal Transduction; Species Specificity; Transport Vesicles
PubMed: 23363620
DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me12167 -
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2021Modulators of quorum sensing pathways in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) gain attention due to their potential therapeutic applications. These chemical agents are viewed as... (Review)
Review
Modulators of quorum sensing pathways in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) gain attention due to their potential therapeutic applications. These chemical agents are viewed as anti-virulence agents capable of increasing the existing therapeutic agents' efficacy against resistant clinical strains. Additionally, they can be utilized in developing anticancer therapeutics, whole-cell biosensors, and artificial biological systems. In this mini-review, we summarize recent (2015-2021) publications on PA's QS modulation.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Biosensing Techniques; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quorum Sensing; Virulence
PubMed: 34561982
DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210924160004 -
Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 1989
Review
Topics: Oligopeptides; Pigments, Biological; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 2512849
DOI: 10.1159/000417597 -
Microbial Genomics Mar 2021is one of the main microbial species colonizing the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients and is responsible for the decline in respiratory function. Despite the hostile... (Review)
Review
is one of the main microbial species colonizing the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients and is responsible for the decline in respiratory function. Despite the hostile pulmonary environment, is able to establish chronic infections thanks to its strong adaptive capacity. Various longitudinal studies have attempted to compare the strains of early infection with the adapted strains of chronic infection. Thanks to new '-omics' techniques, convergent genetic mutations, as well as transcriptomic and proteomic dysregulations have been identified. As a consequence of this evolution, the adapted strains of have particular phenotypes that promote persistent infection.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Cystic Fibrosis; Genotype; Humans; Phenotype; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 33529147
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000513