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Nursing Ethics Aug 2021This article draws attention to the nature and importance of public policy. It argues that if nurses are to influence the quality of healthcare effectively, they must be...
This article draws attention to the nature and importance of public policy. It argues that if nurses are to influence the quality of healthcare effectively, they must be engaged with policymakers to get nursing care issues on the policy agenda. There is an ethical imperative to do so, driven by the advocacy role of the nurse and rooted in the values base of nursing. In addition, it is argued that if one takes the role of patient advocacy seriously, as core to the nursing role, two things are required of nurses: We must (a) broaden the conceptualisation of patient advocacy beyond the individual patient to the system of healthcare resourcing and provision and (b) see systemic change as important as change at the bedside.
Topics: Health Policy; Humans; Nurse's Role; Patient Advocacy; Public Policy
PubMed: 33231104
DOI: 10.1177/0969733020961823 -
Canadian Journal of Public Health =... Jun 2023Our aim was to synthesize published scholarship that applies policy diffusion-a theory of the policy process that considers the interdependence of government-level... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Our aim was to synthesize published scholarship that applies policy diffusion-a theory of the policy process that considers the interdependence of government-level public health policy choices. We paid particular attention to the role of scientific evidence in the diffusion process, and to identifying challenges and gaps towards strengthening the intersection of public health, public policy, and political science.
METHODS
We systematically searched 17 electronic academic databases. We included English-language, peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2021. For each article, we extracted the following information: public health policy domain, geographic setting, diffusion directions and mechanisms, the role of scientific evidence in the diffusion process, and author research discipline.
SYNTHESIS
We identified 39 peer-reviewed, primary research articles. Anti-smoking and tobacco control policies in the United States (n = 9/39) were the most common policy domain and geographic context examined; comparatively fewer studies examined policy diffusion in the Canadian context (n = 4/39). In terms of how policies diffuse, we found evidence of five diffusion mechanisms (learning, emulation, competition, coercion, and social contagion), which could moreover be conditional on internal government characteristics. The role of scientific evidence in the diffusion process was unclear, as only five articles discussed this. Policy diffusion theory was primarily used by public policy and political science scholars (n = 19/39), with comparatively fewer interdisciplinary authorship teams (n = 6/39).
CONCLUSION
Policy diffusion theory provides important insights into the intergovernmental factors that influence public health policy decisions, thus helping to expand our conceptualization of evidence-informed public health. Despite this, policy diffusion research in the Canadian public health context is limited.
Topics: Humans; Canada; Health Policy; Policy Making; Public Health; Public Policy; United States
PubMed: 36944893
DOI: 10.17269/s41997-023-00752-x -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023
Topics: Public Policy; Health Policy
PubMed: 37593723
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1227503 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023
Topics: Public Policy; Public Opinion; Health Policy
PubMed: 37026127
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1166645 -
Gaceta Sanitaria 2021To summarize public health policy models reported in studies published between 2002-2017. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To summarize public health policy models reported in studies published between 2002-2017.
METHOD
Using MesH vocabulary, we systematically searched articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese in the PubMed, Scielo, Jstor, ProQuest and Google Scholar data-bases. The quality of the articles was assessed using the tool for understanding a qualitative study by CASPe.
RESULTS
A higher proportion of scientific studies were conducted in the African continent. The policies relating to health care were most frequently investigated. Walt and Gilson's model and Kingdon's multiple streams framework were more frequently reported.
CONCLUSIONS
The articles set out the public policy analysis model, but not the approach to guide it. A more robust theoretical body needs to be built to enable discussion about the approaches and models for the analysis of public policies. Its distinction is relevant, since it can order methodological proposals for the study of policies.
Topics: Health Policy; Humans; Policy Making; Public Health; Public Policy; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 31982213
DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.11.007 -
Home Healthcare Now 2020
Topics: Health Policy; Humans; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Public Health Nursing; Public Policy; United States; Workforce
PubMed: 31895902
DOI: 10.1097/NHH.0000000000000847 -
Health Research Policy and Systems Aug 2020Engaged scholarship includes the coproduction and use of research by partnerships that blend research, policy and/or practice perspectives. This way of doing research... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Engaged scholarship includes the coproduction and use of research by partnerships that blend research, policy and/or practice perspectives. This way of doing research attempts to bridge-the-gap between knowledge and its application. Recent reviews have described practices that support engagement and involve the community in research and patients in healthcare but there is less known about how to engage individuals working to inform public policy.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this research was to articulate the actions and context that support the coproduction and use of research to inform public policy decisions. The study focuses on partnerships between researchers and stakeholders working in public policy across different levels and sectors of government.
METHODS
A scoping review methodology was used. Relevant articles were identified from six electronic bibliographic databases of peer-reviewed literature.
FINDINGS
A total of 9904 articles were screened and 375 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. The included 11 studies were from research partnerships internationally and described actions and contextual factors contributing to the coproduction and use of research to inform public policy. Key actions included facilitating frequent interactions with public policy stakeholders, joint planning for research, and collaboration to execute data collection and analysis. Contextual factors included clarity in responsibilities, prior relationships, and mutual respect for partner priorities and perspectives.
CONCLUSIONS
Key actions and contextual factors were identified in this review and warrant further study to strengthen research-policy partnerships and their outcomes.
Topics: Fellowships and Scholarships; Government; Health Policy; Humans; Public Policy; Research Personnel
PubMed: 32843063
DOI: 10.1186/s12961-020-00613-w -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023Given the cost-effective nature of promoting desirable behaviors among individuals and societies, national and local governments have widely applied the nudge concept in... (Review)
Review
Given the cost-effective nature of promoting desirable behaviors among individuals and societies, national and local governments have widely applied the nudge concept in various public policy fields. This viewpoint briefly explains the concept of nudge and presents the trend of nudge application in public health policy with illustrative examples. While most academic evidence on its effectiveness has been derived from Western countries, there is a significant accumulation of cases of nudge practices in non-Western countries, including the Western Pacific nations. This viewpoint also provides tips for designing nudge interventions. We introduce a simple, three-step procedure for this purpose: (1) identify target behavior, (2) determine friction and fuel of the behavior, and (3) design and implement a nudge-as well as the behavioral process map and the EAST framework.
Topics: Humans; Choice Behavior; Health Behavior; Public Policy; Motivation; Health Policy
PubMed: 36900972
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053962 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2013Public policy in healthcare affects physician and patient choices. In many ways it may limit choices. These choices present conflicts that are discussed here. Some... (Review)
Review
Public policy in healthcare affects physician and patient choices. In many ways it may limit choices. These choices present conflicts that are discussed here. Some issues depend on the laws enacted to enable either a single-payer system or that mixed with a private-payer system. In each case, the systems attain some cost controls through means such as gatekeepers, long wait lists, authorization processes, national fee schedules, complex coding schemes, or placing physicians on salary. National health systems are compared here. No one system has proven completely satisfactory, and each has its advantages. There are many factors that contribute to the escalating costs of care that lead to many healthcare public policies to constrain costs. Initiatives to incentivize preventive actions are a more positive step, but ones that are difficult to define in detail.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Public Policy; Single-Payer System
PubMed: 24182385
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53501-6.00023-8 -
The Lancet. Public Health Mar 2020
Topics: Health Policy; Humans; Public Policy
PubMed: 32113515
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30027-X