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Annual Review of Cell and Developmental... Oct 2017
Topics: Humans; Public Policy; Reproductive Medicine; Research
PubMed: 28992435
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cb-33-092017-100001 -
Preventing Chronic Disease Sep 2011Interventions to reduce childhood obesity entail ethical considerations. Although a rationale exists for government to intervene in a way that limits individual rights...
Interventions to reduce childhood obesity entail ethical considerations. Although a rationale exists for government to intervene in a way that limits individual rights while protecting the public's health, a clear economic rationale also exists. The markets for goods and services that contribute to obesity are characterized by multiple failures that create an economic rationale for government to intervene (eg, consumers' lack of accurate information regarding obesogenic foods and beverages). If effective public policies for reducing obesity and its consequences are to be developed and implemented, individual rights and government interests must be balanced.
Topics: Advertising; Beverages; Bioethical Issues; Child; Food; Human Rights; Humans; Obesity; Public Policy; Taxes
PubMed: 21843403
DOI: No ID Found -
Health Policy and Planning Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Health Policy; Public Policy; Family Planning Services; Family Planning Policy
PubMed: 36416306
DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czac087 -
Journal of Environmental Management Apr 2021In this paper, we ask how the written composition of public policies structure an environmental governance system. We answer this question using semi-automated text...
In this paper, we ask how the written composition of public policies structure an environmental governance system. We answer this question using semi-automated text analyses of 22 state-level policies governing oil and gas development in California between 2007 and 2017. The findings portray an environmental governance system that is both partitioned and connected into different focal areas (called "targeted action situations") through certain actors, issues, and rules. We conclude with substantive insights about California's oil and gas governance system, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions for analyzing the composition of public policy to advance knowledge about hybrid governance.
Topics: California; Conservation of Natural Resources; Environmental Policy; Public Policy
PubMed: 33581495
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112069 -
Cadernos de Saude Publica Feb 2018This study analyzes Brazil's tobacco control policy from 1986 to 2016, seeking to describe the policy's history and discuss its achievements, limits, and challenges. The... (Review)
Review
This study analyzes Brazil's tobacco control policy from 1986 to 2016, seeking to describe the policy's history and discuss its achievements, limits, and challenges. The study adopted a political economics approach and contributions from public policy analysis. Data were based on a search of the literature, documents, and secondary sources and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders involved in the policy. Factors related to the domestic and international contexts, the political process, and the policy's content influenced the institutional characteristics of tobacco control in the country. The study emphasizes the consolidation of Brazil's social rejection of smoking, government structuring of the policy, action by civil society, and Brazil's prestige in the international scenario. Inter-sector tobacco control measures like price and tax increases on cigarettes, the promotion of smoke-free environments, and the enforcement of health warnings contributed to the important reduction in prevalence of smoking. Implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Brazil, beginning in 2006, contributed to the expansion and consolidation of the national policy. However, tobacco-related economic interests limited the implementation of some strategic measures. The challenges feature the medium- and long-term sustainability of tobacco control and the solution to barriers involving crop diversification on current tobacco-growing areas, the fight against the illegal cigarette trade, and interference in the policy by the tobacco industry.
Topics: Brazil; Health Policy; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Public Policy; Smoking; Smoking Prevention; Tobacco Industry
PubMed: 29489940
DOI: 10.1590/0102-311X00017317 -
Health Promotion International Oct 2017Household food insecurity (HFI), insufficient income to obtain adequate food, is a growing problem in Canada and other Organisation of economic cooperation and...
Household food insecurity (HFI), insufficient income to obtain adequate food, is a growing problem in Canada and other Organisation of economic cooperation and development (OECD) countries. Government political orientations impact health policies and outcomes. We critically examined Canadian political rhetoric around HFI from 1995 to 2012 as a means to support effective healthy public policy argumentation. We analysed a data set comprised of Hansard extracts on HFI from the legislative debates of the Canadian federal and three provincial governments, using thematic coding guided by interpretivist theories of policy. Extracts were examined for content, jurisdiction, the political affiliation of the legislator speaking and governing status. Members of non-governing, or 'opposition' parties, dominated the rhetoric. A central hunger-as-poverty theme was used by legislators across the political spectrum, both in government and in opposition. Legislators differed in terms of policy approach around how income should flow to citizens facing HFI: income intervention on the left, pragmatism in the centre, reliance on markets on the right. This analysis is a case-example from Canada and caution must be exercised in terms of the generalizability of findings across jurisdictions. Despite this limitation, our findings can help healthy public policy advocates in designing and communicating HFI policy interventions in OECD countries with a similar left-right spectrum. First, even with a divisive health policy issue such as actions to address HFI, core themes around poverty are widely understood. Secondly, the non-polarizing centrist, pragmatist, approach may be strategically valuable. Thirdly, it is important to treat the rhetoric of opposition members differently from that of government members.
Topics: Canada; Food Supply; Health Policy; Humans; Politics; Poverty; Public Policy
PubMed: 27006368
DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daw019 -
International Journal of Health Policy... Aug 2021Our paper responds to a narrative review on the influence of populist radical right parties (PRRPs) on welfare policy and its implications for population health in...
Right Wing Politics and Public Policy: The Need for a Broad Frame and Further Research Comment on "A Scoping Review of Populist Radical Right Parties' Influence on Welfare Policy and its Implications for Population Health in Europe".
Our paper responds to a narrative review on the influence of populist radical right parties (PRRPs) on welfare policy and its implications for population health in Europe. Five aspects of their review are striking: welfare chauvinism is higher in tax-funded healthcare systems; PRRPs in coalition with liberal or social democratic parties are able to shift welfare reform in a more chauvinistic direction; coalitions involving PRRPs can buffer somewhat the drift to welfare chauvinism, but not by much; the European Union (EU) and its healthcare policies has served somewhat as a check on PRRPs' direct influence on healthcare welfare chauvinism; PRRPs perform a balancing act between supporting their base and protecting elected power. We note that PRRPs are not confined to Europe and examine the example of Trump's USA, arguing that the Republican Party he dominates now comes close to the authors' definition of a PRRP. We applaud the authors' scoping review for adding to the literature on political determinants of health but note the narrow frame on welfare policy could be usefully expanded to other areas of public policy. We examine three of such areas: the extent to which policy protects those who are different from mainstream society in terms of race, ethnicity, gender or sexuality; the debate between free trade and protectionism; and the rejection of climate change science by many PRRPs. Our analysis concludes that PRRPs promote agendas which are antithetical to eco-socially just population health, and conclude for a call for more research on the political determinants of health.
Topics: Europe; Health Policy; Humans; Politics; Population Health; Public Policy; Social Welfare
PubMed: 32729282
DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.137 -
World Politics 2011How do changes in electoral rules affect the nature of public policy outcomes? The current evidence supporting institutional theories that answer this question stems...
How do changes in electoral rules affect the nature of public policy outcomes? The current evidence supporting institutional theories that answer this question stems almost entirely from quantitative cross-country studies, the data of which contain very little within-unit variation. Indeed, while there are many country-level accounts of how changes in electoral rules affect such phenomena as the number of parties or voter turnout, there are few studies of how electoral reform affects public policy outcomes. This article contributes to this latter endeavor by providing a detailed analysis of electoral reform and the public policy process in Thailand through an examination of the 1997 electoral reforms. Specifically, the author examines four aspects of policy-making: policy formulation, policy platforms, policy content, and policy outcomes. The article finds that candidates in the pre-1997 era campaigned on broad, generic platforms; parties had no independent means of technical policy expertise; the government targeted health resources to narrow geographic areas; and health was underprovided in Thai society. Conversely, candidates in the post-1997 era relied more on a strong, detailed national health policy; parties created mechanisms to formulate health policy independently; the government allocated health resources broadly to the entire nation through the introduction of a universal health care system, and health outcomes improved. The author attributes these changes in the policy process to the 1997 electoral reform, which increased both constituency breadth (the proportion of the population to which politicians were accountable) and majoritarianism.
Topics: Cross-Cultural Comparison; Government; Health Policy; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; National Health Programs; Policy Making; Political Systems; Public Health; Public Policy; Thailand
PubMed: 21591306
DOI: 10.1017/s0043887110000316 -
International Journal of Health Policy... Dec 2022Fisher and colleagues carefully review the extent to which health equity goals of availability, affordability, and acceptability have been achieved in the areas of...
Fisher and colleagues carefully review the extent to which health equity goals of availability, affordability, and acceptability have been achieved in the areas of national broadband network policy and land-use policy, in addition to the more traditional areas of primary healthcare and Indigenous health in Australia. They consider the effectiveness of policies identified as either universal, proportionate-universal, targeted or residualist in these areas. In this commentary we suggest future areas of inquiry that can help inform the findings of their excellent study. These include the impacts of Australia being a liberal welfare state and how acceptance of neoliberal approaches to governance makes the achieving of health equity in these four policy areas difficult.
Topics: Humans; Health Policy; Health Equity; Public Policy; Social Welfare; Australia
PubMed: 35942963
DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2022.7354 -
The Milbank Quarterly Apr 2023
Topics: Public Policy; Health Policy; Population Health
PubMed: 37096614
DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12645