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World Hospitals and Health Services :... 2011Egypt's medical tourism industry has been experiencing tremendous growth. However, Egypt continues to lack the necessary investment in its public health system to...
Egypt's medical tourism industry has been experiencing tremendous growth. However, Egypt continues to lack the necessary investment in its public health system to effectively care for its population. Current policy and the emergence of medical tourism have led to unequal health care access, resulting in high a prevalence of infectious diseases and lack of resources for its most vulnerable populations. As a new Egyptian government emerges, it is important for policymakers to understand the critical issues and ethical concerns of existing health policy. This understanding may be used to propose new policy that more effectively allocates to care for Egypt's population.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Egypt; Health Policy; Medical Tourism; Public Policy
PubMed: 22619867
DOI: No ID Found -
Health Research Policy and Systems Apr 2024Generally, public health policy-making is hardly a linear process and is characterized by interactions among politicians, institutions, researchers, technocrats and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Generally, public health policy-making is hardly a linear process and is characterized by interactions among politicians, institutions, researchers, technocrats and practitioners from diverse fields, as well as brokers, interest groups, financiers and a gamut of other actors. Meanwhile, most public health policies and systems in Africa appear to be built loosely on technical and scientific evidence, but with high political systems and ideologies. While studies on national health policies in Africa are growing, there seems to be inadequate evidence mapping on common themes and concepts across existing literature.
PURPOSE
The study seeks to explore the extent and type of evidence that exist on the conflict between politics and scientific evidence in the national health policy-making processes in Africa.
METHODS
A thorough literature search was done in PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Dimensions, Taylor and Francis, Chicago Journals, Emerald Insight, JSTOR and Google Scholar. In total, 43 peer-reviewed articles were eligible and used for this review.
RESULT
We found that the conflicts to evidence usage in policy-making include competing interests and lack of commitment; global policy goals, interest/influence, power imbalance and funding, morals; and evidence-based approaches, self-sufficiency, collaboration among actors, policy priorities and existing structures. Barriers to the health policy process include fragmentation among actors, poor advocacy, lack of clarity on the agenda, inadequate evidence, inadequate consultation and corruption. The impact of the politics-evidence conflict includes policy agenda abrogation, suboptimal policy development success and policy implementation inadequacies.
CONCLUSIONS
We report that political interests in most cases influence policy-makers and other stakeholders to prioritize financial gains over the use of research evidence to policy goals and targets. This situation has the tendency for inadequate health policies with poor implementation gaps. Addressing these issues requires incorporating relevant evidence into health policies, making strong leadership, effective governance and a commitment to public health.
Topics: Humans; Health Policy; Policy Making; Public Policy; Politics; Africa
PubMed: 38622666
DOI: 10.1186/s12961-024-01129-3 -
Journal of Agromedicine 2017The emerging, next generation of people engaged as managers in agriculture differs from the "baby boomer" farm generation that relishes certain traditions and an...
The emerging, next generation of people engaged as managers in agriculture differs from the "baby boomer" farm generation that relishes certain traditions and an agrarian lifestyle. These futuristic producers and managers have been raised in a society that promulgates safety environment rules. They have witnessed lives saved by automobile seatbelts and lives improved from clean air and water. They know the basic cost of effective safety compliance is relatively fixed, regardless of the number of employees, and they are willing to invest resources that ensure a culture of safety, because it is economically beneficial, socially responsible, and probably required by the companies to whom they need to market their products. These same millennials understand that society and their customers will not continue to tolerate the high rate of agricultural injuries and deaths indefinitely. Public policy as a means to improve agricultural workers' safety and health is likely to be less resisted by the next generation of farmers, ranchers, producers, and agribusiness leaders who, regardless of legal or regulatory pressure, will implement internal business policies emphasizing safety, health, sustainability, and social justness as they understand it.
Topics: Accidents, Occupational; Agriculture; Farmers; Humans; Leadership; Occupational Health; Public Policy; Workforce
PubMed: 28718706
DOI: 10.1080/1059924X.2017.1353470 -
Sociology of Health & Illness Jan 2022Progress in reducing health inequalities through public policy action is difficult in nations identified as liberal welfare states. In Canada, as elsewhere, researchers... (Review)
Review
Progress in reducing health inequalities through public policy action is difficult in nations identified as liberal welfare states. In Canada, as elsewhere, researchers and advocates provide governing authorities with empirical findings on the sources of health inequalities and document the lived experiences of those encountering these adverse health outcomes with the hope of provoking public policy action. However, critical analysis of the societal structures and processes that make improving the sources of health inequalities difficult-the quality and distribution of living and working conditions, that is the social determinants of health-identifies limitations in these approaches. Within this latter critical tradition, we consider-using household food insecurity in Canada as an illustration-how polemics and anger mobilization, usually absent in health inequalities research and advocacy-could force Canadian governing authorities to reduce health inequalities through public policy action. We explore the potential of using high valence terms such as structural violence, social death and social murder, which make explicit the adverse outcomes of health-threatening public policy to force government action. We conclude by outlining the potential benefits and threats posed by polemics and anger mobilization as means of promoting health equity.
Topics: Anger; Canada; Health Policy; Health Status Disparities; Humans; Public Policy
PubMed: 34741772
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13399 -
Gerontology & Geriatrics Education 1989This paper presents suggestions for a model master's level course in public policy and aging. Course content should focus on the historical context of aging policy...
This paper presents suggestions for a model master's level course in public policy and aging. Course content should focus on the historical context of aging policy development, the policy making process, and the legislative history and current content of specific aging policies. Suggestions for teaching resources and class assignments are included.
Topics: Curriculum; Education, Medical, Graduate; Geriatrics; Health Policy; Health Services for the Aged; Humans; Public Policy; United States
PubMed: 2583538
DOI: 10.1300/J021v09n04_05 -
BMJ Global Health Jun 2022
Topics: Health Policy; Humans; Public Policy
PubMed: 35672117
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009704 -
Public Administration 2011The development of health policy is recognized as complex; however, there has been little development of the role of agency in this process. Kingdon developed the...
The development of health policy is recognized as complex; however, there has been little development of the role of agency in this process. Kingdon developed the concept of policy entrepreneur (PE) within his ‘windows’ model. He argued inter-related ‘policy streams' must coincide for important issues to become addressed. The conjoining of these streams may be aided by a policy entrepreneur. We contribute by clarifying the role of the policy entrepreneur and highlighting the translational processes of key actors in creating and aligning policy windows. We analyse the work in London of Professor Sir Ara Darzi as a policy entrepreneur. An important aspect of Darzi's approach was to align a number of important institutional networks to conjoin related problems. Our findings highlight how a policy entrepreneur not only opens policy windows but also yokes together a network to make policy agendas happen. Our contribution reveals the role of clinical leadership in health reform.
Topics: England; Entrepreneurship; Government; Health Care Reform; Health Policy; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Public Policy; Public-Private Sector Partnerships; Social Change
PubMed: 22069793
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9299.2010.01889.x -
Global Public Health Dec 2022In the current historical moment of rewriting the Chilean Constitution, there are new hopes for producing a different socio-legal, political-economic and public health...
In the current historical moment of rewriting the Chilean Constitution, there are new hopes for producing a different socio-legal, political-economic and public health order. The Chilean case holds important implications for global health practitioners, researchers and policy-makers because it clearly shows both the impacts of neoliberal processes on a worldwide scale and neoliberal policy responses. This article contributes to the field of global health policy critical analysis by offering scrutiny of Chile's international migrant healthcare policy from the perspective of its ideological assumptions. We apply Fairclough's analytical perspective to the Chilean migrant healthcare policy, identifying its components, argumentative premises and ideological assumptions that contribute to the reproduction of the processes of social determination. It allows us to identify bias mobilisation, exclusion, and subordinate inclusion processes that systematically lead to the omission of structural processes in the social determination of migrants' healthcare, contributing to their reproduction. We conclude by problematising the place of academia in said reproduction to the extent that the concepts and premises they use remain in the ideological territory of exclusion of the structural defined by the policy, disconnecting reflection and action in the health field from collective demands.
Topics: Humans; Transients and Migrants; Chile; Health Policy; Public Policy; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 35951732
DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2022.2111452 -
Health Policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Sep 2012We undertook an interpretative scoping review to examine organizational priority setting and policy advocacy and the factors that influence nursing associations'... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
We undertook an interpretative scoping review to examine organizational priority setting and policy advocacy and the factors that influence nursing associations' cross-sector public policy choices and actions.
METHOD
Evidence was drawn from research, narrative, and theoretical sources that described priority setting and policy advocacy undertaken by non-governmental, non-profit, and nursing associations. Text was extracted from selected papers, imported into NVivo 8, coded, and analyzed using a descriptive-analytical narrative method.
RESULTS
Many internal and external factors are shown to shape organizations' policy choices and actions including governance and governance structures, membership arrangements, legislative, professional, and jurisdictional mandates, perceived credibility, and external system disruptions.
CONCLUSIONS
Internal and external factors are identified in the literature as critical to how organizations succeed or fail to set achievable priorities and advance their advocacy goals. Case comparisons and longitudinal research are needed to understand nursing associations' policy choices and actions for cross-sector public policy given their complex organizational structures and dynamic professional-legal-social-economic-political-ecological environments. A socio-ecological systems perspective can inform the development of theoretical frameworks and research to understand leverage points and blockages to guide nursing associations' public policy choices and actions at varying points in time.
Topics: Consumer Advocacy; Health Policy; Health Priorities; Organizational Objectives; Policy Making; Public Policy; Societies, Nursing
PubMed: 22522006
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2012.03.017 -
American Journal of Respiratory and... Dec 2016
Topics: Adolescent; Commerce; Humans; Pamphlets; Patient Education as Topic; Public Policy; Smoking Prevention; Tobacco Industry
PubMed: 27905848
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.19411P19