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Biology of Reproduction Mar 2021Failures in hypothalamic kisspeptin/Kiss1r signaling are associated with infertility, and in vitro studies have shown that kisspeptin can modulate angiogenesis and...
Failures in hypothalamic kisspeptin/Kiss1r signaling are associated with infertility, and in vitro studies have shown that kisspeptin can modulate angiogenesis and immune activity. Because there is no in vivo research on the functional relationship between these factors in the reproductive system, especially in domestic cats, we evaluated the expression profile of kisspeptin/Kiss1r and angiogenic and immunological mediators in the genital tract of cyclic cats and of those with pyometra. The uterus of cats in diestrus exhibited greater gene and protein expression of Kiss1, as well as Vegf, Pigf, Mif, and Il6. In contrast, Kiss1r presented greater expression in proestrus/estrus, similarly to that observed for the immunostaining of INFγ, MIF, TNFα, and IL10. These factors were positively correlated with Kiss1 and/or Kiss1r, and a positive correlation between Kiss1 and Kiss1r was also observed in the uterus of cats during the estrous cycle. Cats with pyometra showed greater immunostaining of Kiss1 and Kiss1r on the endometrial surface and reduced immunostaining of Kiss1 in deep glands, whereas there was a significant reduction in Vegf, Pigf, Mif, and Il6 mRNA, and an increase in Tnf mRNA. The findings reveal that there is a gene correlation between kisspeptin/Kiss1r and angiogenic and immune mediators in the uterus of the domestic cat, which is modulated by the estrous cycle, and that pyometra affects the expression of these mediators. This study suggests, for the first time, a functional relationship between the Kiss/Kiss1r system and angiogenic and immune mediators in the female genital tract.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cytokines; Estrous Cycle; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Immunologic Factors; Kisspeptins; Pyometra; Receptors, Kisspeptin-1; Uterus
PubMed: 33348359
DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa229 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2020The present study evaluated for the first time changes in the saliva proteome in bitches with pyometra through a high-throughput quantitative proteomic analysis. The...
The present study evaluated for the first time changes in the saliva proteome in bitches with pyometra through a high-throughput quantitative proteomic analysis. The aims were to explore whether saliva composition could reflect the physiopathological changes occurring in canine pyometra and to identify potential biomarkers of the disease. Saliva samples from six healthy (H) and six bitches with pyometra (P) were analyzed using tandem mass tags-based approach. Additionally, 15 samples were used for the validation of changes in haptoglobin (Hp) concentration in saliva of dogs with pyometra. Proteomic analysis quantified 707 proteins in saliva. Comparison of the two groups revealed 16 unique proteins significantly modulated in saliva, with S100A calcium-binding protein 12 (S100A12), vimentin, and Hp the most up-regulated in canine pyometra. According to PANTHER (Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships) classification tool, these proteins are mainly related to proinflammatory mediators, acute-phase proteins, and sepsis. In conclusion, it can be stated that there are changes in various proteins in saliva in canine pyometra reflecting different physiopathological changes occurring in this disease. These proteins could be a source of potential non-invasive biomarkers for this disease that should be confirmed in future studies.
PubMed: 32596263
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00277 -
Reproduction & Fertility Apr 2021Effects of conservative treatment on uterine blood flow and morphometric findings are still unknown in bitches. Thus, this study aimed to compare uterine changes of...
UNLABELLED
Effects of conservative treatment on uterine blood flow and morphometric findings are still unknown in bitches. Thus, this study aimed to compare uterine changes of pyometra bitches subjected to distinct modes of treatment. Pyometra bitches were assigned to: OHE (ovariohysterectomy immediately after diagnosis), Aglepristone (days 1, 2 and 8) and Associative (aglepristone treatment coupled with cloprostenol for 7 days) groups. After 9 days, bitches were ovariohysterectomized. Before surgery, uterine area was measured ultrasonographically and the uterine artery Doppler velocimetry analyzed blood flow velocity and indexes. Uterine horns were classified according to resistance index (RI) as more compromised and less compromised. Endometrial vasculature was quantitatively evaluated by color flow Doppler. Blood samples were collected to determine nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. Histological uterine structures were quantified by stereology and VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor) and eNOS were (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) immunohistochemically analyzed. Aglepristone and Associative groups had lower uterine area and vascularization, and higher blood flow velocity and indexes compared to OHE group. Less compromised horn of Associative group had higher blood flow velocity compared to OHE group. Aglepristone group presented lower inflammatory infiltrate and larger uterine stroma. Associative group had lower volume density and absolute surface of endometrial cysts and lower VEGF-A expression for glandular epithelium and stromal cells. Blood NO and e-NOS immunostaining were not different among groups. In conclusion, association between aglepristone and prostaglandin is more effective in decreasing uterine vascularization and modulating uterine blood flow. Moreover, associative therapy promotes marked morphological changes.
LAY SUMMARY
This research compared two medical protocols of treatment for uterine infection (pyometra) in bitches, using a hormone blocker (anti-progesterone aglepristone) solely or in association with a uterine contraction inducer (prostaglandin; associative therapy). After treatment, bitches were gonadectomized and a microscopic analysis of uterine blood vessel formation and uterine tissue elements were performed as well as uterine blood flow evaluation through Doppler ultrasonography. According to vascular resistance, uterine horns were additionally classified as more compromised and less compromised. Both treatment protocols led to reduction of uterine dimensions and vascularization, and higher blood flow compared to untreated bitches. Less compromised uterine horn of the associative treatment had higher blood flow compared to untreated bitches. The hormone blocker treatment had lower inflammatory cells and larger uterine histological structure, while associative treatment had less uterine pathological cysts and lower blood vessel formation. The associative therapy is effective in decreasing uterine vascularization and modulating uterine blood flow as well as reestablishing endometrium structure in bitches with uterine infection.
Topics: Animals; Cysts; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Endometritis; Female; Hormones; Humans; Pregnancy; Progestins; Prostaglandins; Pyometra; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 35128446
DOI: 10.1530/RAF-20-0020 -
Cureus Dec 2022An 83-year-old postmenopausal female P5L5 (all full-term normal deliveries) presented with complaints of foul-smelling purulent discharge per vagina for 15 days...
An 83-year-old postmenopausal female P5L5 (all full-term normal deliveries) presented with complaints of foul-smelling purulent discharge per vagina for 15 days associated with pain in abdomen. A midline mass was palpable per abdomen in the suprapubic region corresponding to 16 weeks size gravid uterus, which was soft to firm in consistency. On examination per vaginum, the atrophied cervix was found flush with the vagina and purulent discharge was seen draining through the cervix. Blood reports showed raised total leucocyte count with granulocyte predominance. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a uterine cavity filled with echogenic contents, with no abdominal cavity collection. The patient was started on IV antibiotics and planned for dilatation and curettage. On histopathology acute on chronic senile endometritis was found with no evidence of malignant cells. Tuberculosis gene testing was found to be negative. We conclude that the senile endometritis leading to cervical stenosis as seen during dilatation and curettage had led to the pyometra and no evidence of malignancy was found.
PubMed: 36686128
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32775 -
Cureus Nov 2022Pyometra is an easily overlooked disease with nonspecific symptoms; however, a delayed diagnosis can lead to severe complications. An 80-year-old frail woman presented...
Pyometra is an easily overlooked disease with nonspecific symptoms; however, a delayed diagnosis can lead to severe complications. An 80-year-old frail woman presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of persistent fever for 10 days. Her blood tests showed an elevated inflammatory response, and computed tomography showed a 10-cm cystic lesion in the pelvic floor compressing the bladder. A catheter was inserted from the vagina into the uterine cavity, resulting in pus drainage and pyometra diagnosis. A pus culture was subsequently performed, which detected , a common cause of respiratory tract infections in cystic fibrosis and bloodstream infections, and. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pyometra caused by . The patient was treated with drainage and piperacillin-tazobactam administration. Pyometra is especially prevalent in older women with impaired activities of daily living and dementia. Although fever, lower abdominal pain, and increased discharge may occur, symptoms are often nonspecific, and half of such cases are asymptomatic. Furthermore, delayed diagnosis can lead to perforation of the uterus and consequent pan-peritonitis. Thus, the diagnosis of pyometra should be considered in older women presenting with unknown fever, and imaging studies and gynecological consultation should be requested promptly.
PubMed: 36600853
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32016 -
European Journal of Gynaecological... 2015To describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of 12 patients with pyometra and highlight the increased incidence of gynecological malignancy in these...
PURPOSE
To describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of 12 patients with pyometra and highlight the increased incidence of gynecological malignancy in these patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The authors examined the medical records of 12 patients with pyometra, who were treated between 2009 and 2013.
RESULTS
All patients were post-menopausal, and their mean age was 70.83 ± 6.978 years (min = 61, max = 82). To remove purulent fluid via dilation and because of the probability of malignancy, three patients (25%) underwent cervical biopsy and endometrial curettage; the other nine patients (75%) underwent curettage alone, with suitable antibiotic therapy. Of the 12 patients, nine (75%) had gynecologic malignancy [(endometrial cancer, n = 5, 41.6%), (cervical cancer, n = 3, 25%), (uterine leiomyosarcoma, n = 1, 8.3%)]. In three (25%) patients, the cause of pyometra was benign pathologies, among which the most common were leiomyomas (n = 2, 66.6%).
CONCLUSION
Pyometra diagnosed during the post-menopausal period should be considered a complication caused by gynecological malignancy until proven otherwise.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy; Cervix Uteri; Dilatation and Curettage; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Leiomyoma; Leiomyosarcoma; Middle Aged; Postmenopause; Pyometra; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 25872336
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary Sciences Nov 2020Pyometra is considered the most common disease in intact bitches, being associated with potentially life-threatening disorders. Myocardial damage is a potentially...
Pyometra is considered the most common disease in intact bitches, being associated with potentially life-threatening disorders. Myocardial damage is a potentially life-threatening consequence of pyometra. The aim of this study was to describe the electrocardiographic patterns in bitches affected by closed cervix pyometra, to assess the clinical relevance of electrocardiographic changes with the occurrence of pyometra, and to relate their severity with laboratory and clinical findings. A total of 39 bitches with closed cervix pyometra and 10 healthy female dogs were included in this study. During the hospitalization, bitches underwent a complete physical examination. An electrocardiographic examination before the ovariohysterectomy was performed. Blood samples for biochemical and hematological analysis were also evaluated. Bitches suffering pyometra at least one arrhythmia 31/39 (79.4%), sinus tachycardia (22/39, 56.4%), ventricular premature complexes (9/39, 23%), increased amplitude of T wave (7/39, 17.9%), ST depression (4/39, 10.2%), second-degree atrioventricular block (2/39, 5.1%), increase of QT interval (2/39, 5.1%), sinus bradycardia (2/39, 5.1%), and first-degree atrioventricular block (1/39, 2.5%). Some bitches were also detected with low wave amplitude (17/39, 43.5%). Cardiac arrhythmias associated with canine pyometra are frequent events. These data suggest that arrhythmias may be the consequence of one or more factors that can occur during pyometra, such as myocardial damage, electrolyte/metabolic disorders, and/or sepsis.
PubMed: 33233788
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040183 -
The British Veterinary Journal 1992Pyometra was recorded in five camels and Actinomyces pyogenes (Corynebacterium pyogenes) was isolated from pus of the affected camels.
Pyometra was recorded in five camels and Actinomyces pyogenes (Corynebacterium pyogenes) was isolated from pus of the affected camels.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Animals; Camelus; Female; Uterine Diseases
PubMed: 1551020
DOI: 10.1016/0007-1935(92)90071-8 -
Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research... Oct 2021This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers of canine pyometra and their correlations with clinical parameters. First, 90 dogs with pyometra and 26 healthy female... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers of canine pyometra and their correlations with clinical parameters. First, 90 dogs with pyometra and 26 healthy female dogs were compared. Then, paired samples (before and after ovariohysterectomy) from 22 dogs with pyometra and 9 healthy controls from the initial cohort were compared. Concentrations of acute inflammatory proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA), and cell-free DNA (cfDNA), were significantly higher in dogs with pyometra than in clinically healthy dogs. Cell-free DNA was the most sensitive biomarker for systemic inflammation, based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (area under the curve = 0.959). In addition, cfDNA and CRP were significantly associated with inflammation and organ injury-related clinical parameters. Following the surgical removal of the inflamed uterus, interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and procalcitonin (PCT) significantly decreased, whereas changes in CRP, SAA, and cfDNA were not significant. These findings indicate that cfDNA, CRP, and SAA are potential clinical biomarkers of systemic inflammation in dogs with pyometra and PCT, IL-6, and HMGB1 are potential biomarkers of clinical recovery.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids; Cohort Studies; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Hysterectomy; Inflammation; Ovariectomy; Pyometra; ROC Curve; Serum Amyloid A Protein
PubMed: 34602731
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Veterinary Science Jul 2019Cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex (CEH/P) is a challenge in canine reproduction. Present study aimed to assess fertility after medical treatment....
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex (CEH/P) is a challenge in canine reproduction. Present study aimed to assess fertility after medical treatment. One-hundred-seventy-four bitches affected by CEH/P received aglepristone on days 1, 2, 8, then every 7 days until blood progesterone < 1.2 ng/mL; cloprostenol was administered on days 3 to 5. Records were grouped according to bodyweight (BW): small (< 10 kg, n = 33), medium (10 ≥ BW < 25 kg, n = 44), large (25 ≥ BW < 40 kg, n = 52), and giant bitches (BW ≥ 40 kg, n = 45). Age; success rate; aglepristone treatments number; relapse, pregnancy rates; diagnosis-relapse, -first, -last litter intervals; litters number after treatment, and LS were analyzed by ANOVA. Overall age was 5.14 ± 1.75 years, without difference among groups. Treatment was 100% successful, without difference in treatments number (4.75 ± 1.18), relapse (15/174, 8.62%) and pregnancy (129/140 litters, 92.14%) rates, intervals diagnosis-relapse (409.63 ± 254.9 days) or -last litter (418.62 ± 129.03 days). The interval diagnosis-first litter was significantly shorter (163.52 ± 51.47 days) and longer (225.17 ± 90.97 days) in small and giant bitches, respectively. Overall, 1.47 ± 0.65 litters were born after treatment. Expected LS was achieved in each group, as shown by ΔLS (actual-expected LS by breed, overall -0.40 ± 1.62) without differences among groups. Concluding, CEH/P affects younger dogs than previously described. Relapses were rarer than previously reported. Medical treatment with aglepristone+cloprostenol is effective and safe, preserving subsequent fertility, as demonstrated by negligible changes in LS.
Topics: Animals; Cloprostenol; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Endometrial Hyperplasia; Estrenes; Female; Fertility; Litter Size; Luteolytic Agents; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Pyometra; Recurrence
PubMed: 31364324
DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e39