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Theriogenology Jul 2014Pyometra is a clinically relevant problem in intact female cats and dogs. The etiology is similar in both animal species, with the disease caused by bacterial infection...
Pyometra is a clinically relevant problem in intact female cats and dogs. The etiology is similar in both animal species, with the disease caused by bacterial infection of a progesterone-sensitized uterus. Here, we studied pyometra in cats with the aim to describe the incidence and probability of developing pyometra based on age and breed. The data used were reimbursed claims for veterinary care insurance or life insurance claims or both in cats insured in a Swedish insurance database from 1999 to 2006. The mean incidence rate (IR) for pyometra was about 17 cats per 10,000 cat years at risk (CYAR). Cats with pyometra were diagnosed at a median age of 4 years and a significant breed effect was observed. The breed with the highest IR (433 cats per 10,000 CYAR) was the Sphynx, and other breeds with IR over 60 cats per 10,000 CYAR were Siberian cat, Ocicat, Korat, Siamese, Ragdoll, Maine coon, and Bengal. Pyometra was more commonly diagnosed with increasing age, with a marked increase in cats older than 7 years. The mean case fatality rate in all cats was 5.7%, which is slightly higher than corresponding reports in dogs of 3% to 4%. Geographical location (urban or rural) did not affect the risk of developing the disease. The present study provides information of incidence and probability of developing pyometra based on age, breed, and urban or rural geographical location. These data may be useful for designing cat breeding programs in high-risk breeds and for future studies of the genetic background of the disease.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Incidence; Pets; Pyometra; Sweden
PubMed: 24726694
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.03.007 -
Animal Reproduction Science Mar 2022The most common uterine diseases affecting bitches are cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and pyometra. The neuropeptide phoenixin (PNX) and its receptor (GPR173) are...
The most common uterine diseases affecting bitches are cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and pyometra. The neuropeptide phoenixin (PNX) and its receptor (GPR173) are potential key factors involved in the proliferative and inflammatory regulation of the reproductive system in females. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of PNX and GPR173 by qPCR, western blot and immunofluorescence assays in the endometrium of bitches suffering from CEH or pyometra compared to clinically healthy females. Additionally, PNX and progesterone (P4) plasma concentrations were analysed. The results showed a significantly lower expression levels of PNX and GPR173 (mRNA and protein production) in bitches with the CEH or pyometra groups compared to healthy animals. Immunofluorescence staining examination also confirmed a lower concentration of PNX and GPR173 signals in bitches with pathological uteri. Moreover, a lower concentration of PNX blood levels in bitches suffering from pyometra was observed. The PNX concentration was negatively correlated with P4 but only in healthy bitches. These results illustrate that the development of canine uterine disorders may cause a lower expression of PNX and its receptor GPR173.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Endometrial Hyperplasia; Endometrium; Female; Neuropeptides; Pyometra; Uterus
PubMed: 35121414
DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.106931 -
Veterinary Sciences Mar 2022We aimed to investigate the occurrence, phylogeny, and virulence of in the uterine contents and urine of female dogs with pyometra, through the presence of virulence...
We aimed to investigate the occurrence, phylogeny, and virulence of in the uterine contents and urine of female dogs with pyometra, through the presence of virulence genes and their genetic similarity. Uterine secretions and urine samples from 52 female dogs with pyometra were collected and cultured. Strains identified as from 25 uterine and 7 urine samples were tested for virulence genes by PCR. Genetic similarity between the isolates was studied using RAPD-PCR. was observed in 48.07% uterine samples with pyometra and 20.0% urine samples. The strains showed high percentages for the presence of virulence genes: 96.9% had the gene , 59.4% 46.9% , 53.1% , and 68.75% . Even with the high prevalence of virulence genes, the samples were not submitted to DNA sequencing to confirm the results. Analysis showed high genetic diversity in however, strains isolated from the same animal indicate that cystitis and pyometra could be related. Our study indicated the association between in dogs with pyometra and cases of urinary tract infection and the pathogenic potential of strains increasing with animal age.
PubMed: 35448656
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040158 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Oct 2020Cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex is a canine endometrial disorder, considered the most common and important among uterine diseases. The treatment of...
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex is a canine endometrial disorder, considered the most common and important among uterine diseases. The treatment of choice is ovariohysterectomy, but medical treatments have become an alternative. However, no studies have been performed in order to evaluate uterine hemodynamic changes during medical treatment for pyometra bitches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two medical protocols by means of clinical (heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature), medullar response (complete blood count (CBC)) and uterine hemodynamic evaluation in pyometra bitches. For such purpose, 10 bitches with pyometra were assigned to two groups: Aglepristone Group (n = 5) and Associative Group (aglepristone + prostaglandin; n = 5). The Associative Group had altered respiratory rate and decreased body temperature. The Aglepristone Group had decreased plasma protein, however, leukocyte count reduced over time for both therapeutic protocols. Uterine area and vascularization score decreased throughout treatment. There was a significant reduction in uterine perimeter, area and vascularization score. The Associative Group had lower final diastolic velocity and higher systole:diastole ratio (S/D), pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI). In conclusion, both medical treatments are effective in reversing clinical and CBC changes of pyometra, especially aglepristone, however they cannot fully restore local uterine changes in a short-term evaluation. Conversely, associative therapy was more effective in decreasing uterine vascularization and modulating uterine blood flow.
PubMed: 33142944
DOI: 10.3390/ani10112011 -
Reproduction in Domestic Animals =... Dec 2012Lactate is a compound produced by the anaerobic metabolism of glucose, and hyperlactataemia occurs when the rate of production of lactate exceeds the rate of...
Lactate is a compound produced by the anaerobic metabolism of glucose, and hyperlactataemia occurs when the rate of production of lactate exceeds the rate of elimination. This occurs in situations of hypoxia and tissue hypoperfusion. Lactate has been considered a useful prognostic indicator in critically ill patients. Pyometra is a disease of adult female dogs characterized by inflammation of the uterus with an accumulation of exudate, which occurs during the luteal phase. It is one of the most common diseases that occur in the genital tract of female dogs. A total of 31 dogs were diagnosed with pyometra. The diagnosis was confirmed at ultrasonography. Of the 31 dogs, 25 females had open cervix pyometra and six had closed cervix pyometra. Plasma lactate concentrations were determined by an enzymatic colorimetric method. The average concentration (±SD) of plasma lactate in all 31 bitches with pyometra was 3.55 ± 0.46 mm. Healthy dogs had plasma lactate concentrations between 0.3 and 2.5 mm (mean ± SD). Concentrations ranged from 0.8 to 2.9 mm when plasma lactate was measured with a portable device and 0.4-2.6 mm with the blood gas analyser. Even though plasma lactate values vary between several studies and equipment used to measure concentrations, our results for dogs with pyometra are higher indicating hyperlactataemia (Thorneloe et al. , Can Vet J 48, 283-288). Plasma lactate in dogs with closed cervix pyometra was mean ± SD and in dogs with open cervix pyometra, it was mean ± SD. The plasma lactate concentration in dogs with pyometra was higher than in healthy bitches, and there was no influence of patency of the cervix on the concentration of plasma lactate concentrations. Plasma lactate concentrations were similar for animals with open and closed pyometra (3.54 ± 0.52 to 3.64 ± 1.03 mm).
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Lactates; Pyometra
PubMed: 23279532
DOI: 10.1111/rda.12107 -
Journal of Wildlife Diseases Jul 2019A severely debilitated, free-living adult female European hedgehog () was presented for rehabilitation. It died overnight, and postmortem examination revealed a closed...
A severely debilitated, free-living adult female European hedgehog () was presented for rehabilitation. It died overnight, and postmortem examination revealed a closed pyometra. Histopathology confirmed metritis with endometrial hyperplasia, and was isolated from the purulent uterine material. has not been previously reported to cause infections in European hedgehogs.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Fatal Outcome; Female; Hedgehogs; Pyometra; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 30628855
DOI: 10.7589/2018-06-158 -
International Urogynecology Journal and... Mar 2009An 81-year-old woman presented with uterine procedentia and incomplete bladder emptying. She initially experienced significant relief of her symptoms with a pessary but...
An 81-year-old woman presented with uterine procedentia and incomplete bladder emptying. She initially experienced significant relief of her symptoms with a pessary but developed chronic vaginal bleeding and discharge. She subsequently underwent a LeFort colpocleisis. She presented to the office 7 weeks later complaining of a persistent vaginal discharge and loss of appetite. She was admitted to the hospital and was diagnosed with a pyometra and underwent a supracervical hysterectomy without complications.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Hysterectomy; Pyometra; Uterine Prolapse; Vagina
PubMed: 18773135
DOI: 10.1007/s00192-008-0710-z -
BMC Veterinary Research Jun 2023The main aim of this report was to investigate and compare the response of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin, two positive acute phase proteins (APPs) which...
The main aim of this report was to investigate and compare the response of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin, two positive acute phase proteins (APPs) which usually show an increase in inflammatory processes, in dogs with pyometra. For this purpose, two different studies were made. In the first one , both proteins were measured together in an APPs profile in 25 dogs with pyometra, 25 dogs with pancreatitis (as an example of a positive inflammatory control group), and in 25 healthy dogs. In the second study, to advance the knowledge of the changes and evolution of serum ferritin and CRP in dogs with pyometra after treatment, the concentrations of both APPs were analyzed in 30 dogs with pyometra at diagnosis and after ovariohysterectomy and in 10 clinically healthy female dogs before and after elective spaying. In both studies, bitches with pyometra showed significant increases in serum CRP, indicating an inflammatory condition, but not in serum ferritin despite being a moderate positive APP. This divergence between the dynamics of these APPs could be a useful tool for the suspicion of cases of canine pyometra.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Female; Pyometra; C-Reactive Protein; Ferritins; Hysterectomy; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37344860
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03630-3 -
The Journal of Emergency Medicine Mar 2020
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Pyometra; Urinary Bladder
PubMed: 31982200
DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.11.032 -
Topics in Companion Animal Medicine Nov 2020This article reports an unusual presentation of pyometra in a pet rabbit. A 2-year-old mixed-breed female rabbit with pelvic limb paralysis was referred for abdominal...
This article reports an unusual presentation of pyometra in a pet rabbit. A 2-year-old mixed-breed female rabbit with pelvic limb paralysis was referred for abdominal distension associated with prolonged depression and decreased appetite. Clinical examination and diagnostic imaging (radiographs and ultrasound) led to the provisional diagnosis of pyometra that was caused by the presence of an enlarged organ containing fluid material and occupying most of the caudal abdomen. Exploratory laparotomy was performed under general anesthesia. After abdominal wall incision along the linea alba, the uterus was immediately evident and the uterine wall was over-distended and damaged, with purulent material free in the abdominal cavity. Ovariohysterectomy was performed and uterine wall samples were sent for microbiological examination and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The agent causing the pyometra was found to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was resistant to enrofloxacin and ceftazidime. This is the first report of pyometra caused by P. aeruginosa in a pet rabbit, based on a literature search. Furthermore, a peculiarity of the present case is the occurrence of pyometra in a rabbit with no history of mating or parturition.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Hysterectomy; Ovariectomy; Paraplegia; Pseudomonas Infections; Pyometra; Rabbits
PubMed: 32919061
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100473