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Nuclear Medicine and Biology 2021
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Clinical & Experimental Metastasis Oct 2017Brain metastases are the most common intracranial tumors in adults, accounting for more than 50% of all such cases. The approach to and management of brain metastases... (Review)
Review
Brain metastases are the most common intracranial tumors in adults, accounting for more than 50% of all such cases. The approach to and management of brain metastases have evolved significantly in recent years due to several reasons. These include advances in neurosurgical and radiotherapeutic techniques, improved systemic therapy options offering better systemic and intracranial disease control and prolongation of survival as a result of these improvements, making side-effects of proposed therapies (e.g. neurocognitive decline from whole brain radiotherapy) an important consideration. In this article, we review the the primary therapeutic approaches to the management of brain metastases, namely, surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, and whole brain radiation therapy and the primary factors dictating choice.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Cranial Irradiation; Humans; Radiobiology
PubMed: 29139010
DOI: 10.1007/s10585-017-9865-7 -
Radiation Protection Dosimetry May 2019Radiation-induced bystander effects refer to the production of signals from irradiated cells which induce responses in unirradiated, or bystander, cells. There has been... (Review)
Review
Radiation-induced bystander effects refer to the production of signals from irradiated cells which induce responses in unirradiated, or bystander, cells. There has been a recent resurgence of interest in low-energy photon biology. This is due to concerns about health effects, increased use of biophoton imaging techniques, and the fact that biophotons can act as a bystander signal. This review discusses the history of light signaling in biology and potential mechanisms involved in the generation and transduction of signaling mechanisms. The role of photons in signaling in the animal and plant kingdoms is also reviewed. Finally, the potential to harness these mechanisms in radiation protection or therapy is discussed with emphasis on promising future directions for research.
Topics: Animals; Bystander Effect; Humans; Photons; Plants; Radiobiology
PubMed: 30624751
DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy271 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022
Topics: Radiobiology
PubMed: 35942260
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.955116 -
Cancer Radiotherapie : Journal de La... 2000
Topics: Forecasting; France; Humans; Radiobiology
PubMed: 11098221
DOI: 10.1016/s1278-3218(00)00012-3 -
Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official... Sep 2014Traditional cytotoxic agents used in cancer therapy were initially discovered based on their ability to kill rapidly dividing cells. The targets of these... (Review)
Review
Traditional cytotoxic agents used in cancer therapy were initially discovered based on their ability to kill rapidly dividing cells. The targets of these early-generation agents were typically one or more aspects of DNA synthesis or mitosis. Thus, dose-limiting toxicities commonly associated with these agents include GI dysfunction, immunosuppression, and other consequences of injury to normal tissues in which cells are replicating under normal physiologic conditions. Although many of these agents still play an important role in cancer therapy when given concurrently with radiation therapy, the major thrust of radiobiology research in the last two decades has focused on discovering tumor-specific traits that might be exploited for more selective targeting that would enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy with less normal tissue toxicity. These newer generation molecular targeted therapies interfere with the growth of tumor cells by inhibiting genes and their protein products that are needed specifically by the tumor for survival and expansion. These agents can be complementary to radiotherapy, a spatially targeted agent. Although there have been extraordinary technical advances in radiotherapy in recent years, we are reaching the limits of improvements that radiotherapy delivery technology can bring and need different approaches. This review will highlight promising new tumor biology-based targets and other novel strategies to reduce normal tissue injury, increase tumor control, and expand the use of radiotherapy to treat widespread metastatic disease.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Precision Medicine; Radiobiology
PubMed: 25113768
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.57.2776 -
Tumori 2014To present the Italian state-of-the-art contribution to radiobiology of external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, and radionuclide radiotherapy. (Review)
Review
AIMS AND BACKGROUND
To present the Italian state-of-the-art contribution to radiobiology of external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, and radionuclide radiotherapy.
METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN
A survey of the literature was carried out, using PubMed, by some independent researchers of the Italian group of radiobiology. Each paper was reviewed by researchers of centers not comprising its authors. The survey was limited to papers in English published over the last 20 years, written by Italian investigators or in Italian institutions, excluding review articles.
RESULTS
A total of 135 papers have been published in journals with an impact factor, with an increase in the number of published papers over time, for external beam radiotherapy rather than radionuclide radiotherapy. The quantity and quality of the papers researched constitutes a proof of the enduring interest in clinical radiobiology among Italian investigators.
CONCLUSIONS
The survey could be useful to individuate expert partners for an Italian network on clinical radiobiology, addressing future collaborative investigations.
Topics: Biomedical Research; Brachytherapy; Dose Fractionation, Radiation; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Humans; Italy; Models, Theoretical; Neoplasms; Nuclear Medicine; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Radiation Oncology; Radiobiology; Radiology; Radiology, Interventional; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 25688496
DOI: 10.1700/1778.19266 -
Seminars in Oncology Nursing Nov 1999To review the current state of knowledge of radiation physics and radiobiology, combined modality treatments, the use of radiosensitizers and radioprotectors, new... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To review the current state of knowledge of radiation physics and radiobiology, combined modality treatments, the use of radiosensitizers and radioprotectors, new developments in radiation therapy, radiation safety principles, and the implications of radiation in advanced nursing practices.
DATA SOURCES
Research and review articles, oncology nursing textbooks, and physics and medical oncology textbooks.
CONCLUSIONS
Radiation therapy is an important entity in the treatment of cancer, used alone or in combination with surgery and/or chemotherapy. Research continues to grow in the use of radiation therapy to control cancer, spare surrounding normal tissue, and reduce acute long-term toxicity.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE
An understanding of radiobiology and physics will assist oncology nurses in providing proper education to the patient and managing radiation-induced side effects.
Topics: Humans; Linear Energy Transfer; Oncology Nursing; Patient Education as Topic; Radiation Protection; Radiation-Protective Agents; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Radiobiology; Radiotherapy; Radiotherapy Dosage
PubMed: 10588029
DOI: 10.1016/s0749-2081(99)80054-0 -
International Journal of Radiation... Jul 2019This reflection aims to look at the evolution of thinking about radiation dose response relationships from the early years of the journal when target theory prevailed to... (Review)
Review
This reflection aims to look at the evolution of thinking about radiation dose response relationships from the early years of the journal when target theory prevailed to the present day when dose response is seen as a more holistic process involving multiple levels of organization and communication. The review is structured to consider how the old ideas evolved leading to apparently abrupt paradigm shifts. The odd data leading to these conceptual shifts are reviewed. Topics, which are currently still not mainstream are considered with a view to how they may change the future of radiobiology. Finally some personal reflections on the insights gained during the writing of the review are presented. The major conclusion from this study is that ideas concerning survival curves and radiation dose responses evolved and (epi)mutated gradually, driven in a large part by the techniques available for studying radiobiological processes. The illusion of abrupt paradigm shifts is not really borne out by the history when primary references are studied rather than textbooks or reviews. The textbooks necessarily simplify and distil complex data to provide a 'take-home message' while reviews are usually very personal collations selected among the vast amount of scientific literature. Primary references reveal the context of the discussion and the caveats and uncertainties of the authors.
Topics: Animals; Cell Nucleus; Communication; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Models, Biological; Mutation; Radiation Dosage; Radiation Protection; Radiation, Ionizing; Radiobiology; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 30821545
DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1589016 -
Journal of Radiation Research Mar 2009In order to study the radiobiological effects of low dose radiation, microbeam irradiation facilities have been developed in the world. This type of facilities now... (Review)
Review
In order to study the radiobiological effects of low dose radiation, microbeam irradiation facilities have been developed in the world. This type of facilities now becomes an essential tool for studying bystander effects and relating signaling phenomena in cells or tissues. This review introduces you available microbeam facilities in Japan and in China, to promote radiobiology using microbeam probe and to encourage collaborative research between radiobiologists interested in using microbeam in Japan and in China.
Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Bystander Effect; Cell Culture Techniques; China; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Equipment Design; Humans; Japan; Radiation Dosage; Radiobiology
PubMed: 19346683
DOI: 10.1269/jrr.09009s