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Clinical Oncology (Royal College of... May 2021
PubMed: 33341330
DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.12.006 -
Seminars in Radiation Oncology Jan 2021Radiopharmaceutical therapy or targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is a well-established class of cancer therapeutics that includes a growing number of FDA-approved... (Review)
Review
Radiopharmaceutical therapy or targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is a well-established class of cancer therapeutics that includes a growing number of FDA-approved drugs and a promising pipeline of experimental therapeutics. Radiobiology is fundamental to a mechanistic understanding of the therapeutic capacity of these agents and their potential toxicities. However, the field of radiobiology has historically focused on external beam radiation. Critical differences exist between TRT and external beam radiotherapy with respect to dosimetry, dose rate, linear energy transfer, duration of treatment delivery, fractionation, range, and target volume. These distinctions simultaneously make it difficult to extrapolate from the radiobiology of external beam radiation to that of TRT and pose considerable challenges for preclinical and clinical studies investigating TRT. Here, we discuss these challenges and explore the current understanding of the radiobiology of radiopharmaceuticals.
Topics: Humans; Linear Energy Transfer; Neoplasms; Radiobiology; Radiometry; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 33246632
DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2020.07.002 -
Radiation Research May 2021As the U.S. prepares for the possibility of a radiological or nuclear incident, or anticipated lunar and Mars missions, the exposure of individuals to neutron radiation...
As the U.S. prepares for the possibility of a radiological or nuclear incident, or anticipated lunar and Mars missions, the exposure of individuals to neutron radiation must be considered. More information is needed on how to determine the neutron dose to better estimate the true biological effects of neutrons and mixed-field (i.e., neutron and photon) radiation exposures. While exposure to gamma-ray radiation will cause significant health issues, the addition of neutrons will likely exacerbate the biological effects already anticipated after radiation exposure. To begin to understand the issues and knowledge gaps in these areas, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Radiation Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Department of Defense (DoD), Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) formed an inter-agency working group to host a Neutron Radiobiology and Dosimetry Workshop on March 7, 2019 in Rockville, MD. Stakeholder interests were clearly positioned, given the differences in the missions of each agency. An overview of neutron dosimetry and neutron radiobiology was included, as well as a historical overview of neutron exposure research. In addition, current research in the fields of biodosimetry and diagnostics, medical countermeasures (MCMs) and treatment, long-term health effects, and computational studies were presented and discussed.
Topics: Gamma Rays; Humans; Neutrons; Radiobiology; Radiometry
PubMed: 33587743
DOI: 10.1667/RADE-20-00213.1 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Jun 2021
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Radiobiology
PubMed: 34112189
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02928-w -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022The Special Issue, entitled "From basic radiobiology to translational radiotherapy", highlights recent advances in basic radiobiology and the potential to improve...
The Special Issue, entitled "From basic radiobiology to translational radiotherapy", highlights recent advances in basic radiobiology and the potential to improve radiotherapy in translational research [...].
Topics: Radiobiology; Radiation Oncology; Radiotherapy
PubMed: 36555542
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415902 -
Neurology India 2023Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a precise focusing of radiation to a targeted point or larger area of tissue. With advances in technology, the radiobiological... (Review)
Review
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a precise focusing of radiation to a targeted point or larger area of tissue. With advances in technology, the radiobiological understanding of this modality has trailed behind. Although found effective in both short- and long-term follow-up, there are ongoing evolution and controversial topics such as dosing pattern, dose per fraction in hypo-fractionnated regimens, inter-fraction interval, and so on. Radiobiology of radiosurgery is not a mere extension of conventional fractionation radiotherapy, but it demands further evaluation of the dose calculation on the linear linear-quadratic model, which has also its limits, biologically effective dose, and radiosensitivity of the normal and target tissue. Further research is undergoing to understand this somewhat controversial topic of radiosurgery better.
Topics: Humans; Radiosurgery; Neurosurgeons; Radiobiology; Dose Fractionation, Radiation
PubMed: 37026330
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.373637 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022
Topics: Radiobiology
PubMed: 35942260
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.955116 -
Cancers Oct 2020Radiotherapy using accelerated charged particles is rapidly growing worldwide. About 85% of the cancer patients receiving particle therapy are irradiated with protons,... (Review)
Review
Radiotherapy using accelerated charged particles is rapidly growing worldwide. About 85% of the cancer patients receiving particle therapy are irradiated with protons, which have physical advantages compared to X-rays but a similar biological response. In addition to the ballistic advantages, heavy ions present specific radiobiological features that can make them attractive for treating radioresistant, hypoxic tumors. An ideal heavy ion should have lower toxicity in the entrance channel (normal tissue) and be exquisitely effective in the target region (tumor). Carbon ions have been chosen because they represent the best combination in this direction. Normal tissue toxicities and second cancer risk are similar to those observed in conventional radiotherapy. In the target region, they have increased relative biological effectiveness and a reduced oxygen enhancement ratio compared to X-rays. Some radiobiological properties of densely ionizing carbon ions are so distinct from X-rays and protons that they can be considered as a different "drug" in oncology, and may elicit favorable responses such as an increased immune response and reduced angiogenesis and metastatic potential. The radiobiological properties of carbon ions should guide patient selection and treatment protocols to achieve optimal clinical results.
PubMed: 33080914
DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103022 -
Reports of Practical Oncology and... 2022This paper focuses on the radiobiological mechanisms underlying the effects of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT ) which, despite SRT expansion, have not yet been fully... (Review)
Review
This paper focuses on the radiobiological mechanisms underlying the effects of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT ) which, despite SRT expansion, have not yet been fully elucidated. Some authors postulated that radiobiology principles, as applied to conventional fractionations (5R: reoxygenation, repair, repopulation, redistribution, radioresistence), suffice in themselves to account for the excellent clinical results of SRT; others argued that the role of the 5R was limited. Recent preclinical data showed that hypofractionated ablative treatments altered the microenvironment, thus determining cell death either directly or indirectly. Furthermore, dead tumor cells released quantities of antigens, which stimulated antitumor immunity, thus reducing the risk of relapse and metastasis. Better understanding of the radiobiological mechanisms underlying response to high-dose radiation treatment is essential for predicting its short- and long-term effects on the tumor and surrounding healthy tissues and, consequently, for improving its related therapeutic index.
PubMed: 35402022
DOI: 10.5603/RPOR.a2022.0005 -
Journal of the National Cancer Institute Apr 2018Innovation and progress in radiation oncology depend on discovery and insights realized through research in radiation biology. Radiobiology research has led to...
Innovation and progress in radiation oncology depend on discovery and insights realized through research in radiation biology. Radiobiology research has led to fundamental scientific insights, from the discovery of stem/progenitor cells to the definition of signal transduction pathways activated by ionizing radiation that are now recognized as integral to the DNA damage response (DDR). Radiobiological discoveries are guiding clinical trials that test radiation therapy combined with inhibitors of the DDR kinases DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ataxia telangiectasia related (ATR), and immune or cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors. To maintain scientific and clinical relevance, the field of radiation biology must overcome challenges in research workforce, training, and funding. The National Cancer Institute convened a workshop to discuss the role of radiobiology research and radiation biologists in the future scientific enterprise. Here, we review the discussions of current radiation oncology research approaches and areas of scientific focus considered important for rapid progress in radiation sciences and the continued contribution of radiobiology to radiation oncology and the broader biomedical research community.
Topics: Animals; Biomedical Research; Humans; Neoplasms; Radiobiology; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 29126306
DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx231