-
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Mar 2018With the exception of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments and radiolabeled peptides which have seen little application in the pediatric population,... (Review)
Review
With the exception of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments and radiolabeled peptides which have seen little application in the pediatric population, the nuclear medicine imaging procedures used in the evaluation of infection and inflammation are the same for both adults and children. These procedures include (1) either a two- or a three-phase bone scan using technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate; (2) Gallium 67-citrate; (3) in vitro radiolabeled white blood cell imaging (using Indium-oxine or Technetium hexamethyl-propylene-amine-oxime-labeled white blood cells); and (4) hybrid imaging with F-FDG. But children are not just small adults. Not only are the disease processes encountered in children different from those in adults, but there are developmental variants that can mimic, but should not be confused with, pathology. This article discusses some of the differences between adults and children with osteomyelitis, illustrates several of the common developmental variants that can mimic disease, and, finally, focuses on the increasing use of F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis and response monitoring of children with infectious and inflammatory processes. The value of and need for pediatric specific imaging protocols are reviewed.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infections; Inflammation; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 29452618
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.11.002 -
The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear... Jun 2019By improving the localization of foci of pathological tracer uptake and offering information on their computed tomography (CT) morphology, single photon emission... (Review)
Review
By improving the localization of foci of pathological tracer uptake and offering information on their computed tomography (CT) morphology, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT hybrid imaging has considerably improved the diagnostic accuracy of skeletal scintigraphy. SPECT/CT also has the potential to measure tracer uptake in vivo in absolute units. The present article reviews the methodology for and the potential clinical impact of quantitative skeletal scintigraphy.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Medical Errors; Radionuclide Imaging; Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 31298016
DOI: 10.23736/S1824-4785.19.03204-7 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jun 2016Over the past decades, the diagnostic methods and therapeutic tools for thyroid cancer (TC) have been greatly improved. In addition to the classical method of ingestion... (Review)
Review
Over the past decades, the diagnostic methods and therapeutic tools for thyroid cancer (TC) have been greatly improved. In addition to the classical method of ingestion of radioactive iodine-131 (I131) and subsequent I123 and I124 positron emission tomography (PET) in therapy and examination, I124 PET-based 3-dimensional imaging, Ga68-labeled [1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid]-1-NaI(3)-octreotide (DOTANOC) PET/computed tomography (CT), Tc99m tetrofosmin, pre-targeted radioimmunotherapy, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy have all been used clinically. These novel methods are useful in diagnosis and therapy of TC, but also have unavoidable adverse effects. In this review, we will discuss the development of nuclear medicine in TC examination and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 27100499
DOI: 10.2741/4449 -
British Medical Bulletin Sep 1980
Review
Topics: Cerebrovascular Circulation; Digestive System; Gastric Emptying; Humans; Kidney; Liver; Models, Biological; Radionuclide Imaging; Time Factors
PubMed: 7020848
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071644 -
British Medical Bulletin Sep 2015Radionuclide imaging for the diagnosis and monitoring of cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis has advanced significantly in recent years. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Radionuclide imaging for the diagnosis and monitoring of cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis has advanced significantly in recent years.
SOURCES OF DATA
This article is based on published clinical guidelines, literature review and our collective clinical experience.
AREAS OF AGREEMENT
Gallium-67 scintigraphy is among the diagnostic criteria for cardiac involvement in systemic sarcoidosis, and it is strongly associated with response to treatment. However, fluorine-18, 2-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is now preferred both for diagnosis and for assessing prognosis.
AREAS OF CONTROVERSY
Most data are from small observational studies that are potentially biased.
GROWING POINTS
Quantitative imaging to assess changes in disease activity in response to treatment may lead to FDG-PET having an important routine role in managing cardiac sarcoidosis.
AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH
Larger prospective studies are required, particularly to assess the effectiveness of radionuclide imaging in improving clinical management and outcome.
Topics: Cardiomyopathies; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Gallium Radioisotopes; Humans; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prognosis; Sarcoidosis; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 26311504
DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldv033 -
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Aug 2010We present a review of radionuclide imaging of tumour vascular physiology as it relates to angiogenesis. We focus on clinical trials in human subjects using PET and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
We present a review of radionuclide imaging of tumour vascular physiology as it relates to angiogenesis. We focus on clinical trials in human subjects using PET and SPECT to evaluate tumour physiology, in particular blood flow and hypoxia.
METHODS
A systematic review of literature based on MEDLINE searches updated in February 2010 was performed.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine studies were identified for review: 14 dealt with (15)O-water PET perfusion imaging, while 8 dealt with (18)F-fluoromisonidazole PET hypoxia imaging. Five used SPECT methods. The studies varied widely in technical quality and reporting of methods.
CONCLUSIONS
A subset of radionuclide methods offers accurate quantitative scientific observations on tumour vascular physiology of relevance to angiogenesis and its treatment. The relationship between cellular processes of angiogenesis and changing physiological function remains poorly defined. The promise of quantitative functional imaging at high specificity and low administered dose sustains interest in radionuclide methods.
Topics: Humans; Hypoxia; Neoplasms; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Perfusion Imaging; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 20521044
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-010-1453-x -
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... Dec 2013The incidence of heart failure (HF) is increasing and it remains the only area in cardiovascular disease wherein hospitalization rates and mortalities have worsened in... (Review)
Review
The incidence of heart failure (HF) is increasing and it remains the only area in cardiovascular disease wherein hospitalization rates and mortalities have worsened in the past 25 years. This review is provided to assess the role of radionuclide imaging in HF. The focus is on three aspects: the value of nuclear imaging to distinguish ischemic from non-ischemic etiologies; risk stratification of patients with HF with evaluation of candidates for specific treatment strategies; and the role of cardiac neuronal imaging in patients with HF. Distinguishing ischemic from non-ischemic cardiomyopathy is important because patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy can potentially have dramatic improvement with revascularization. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has excellent reported sensitivity and negative predictive value in the detection of coronary artery disease in HF patients. SPECT imaging is also useful in establishing treatment strategies in patients with HF, including those with new onset CHF. Cardiac neuronal imaging of mIBG is particularly helpful in risk stratification of patients with HF. The modality can be used to monitor the response to therapy as dysfunctional mIBG uptake may show improvement with pharmacological treatment.
Topics: Heart Failure; Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 23990345
DOI: 10.1007/s12350-013-9776-1 -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Sep 2015Radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is an important technique for evaluating the presence and severity of ischemic coronary heart disease that is widespread... (Review)
Review
Radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is an important technique for evaluating the presence and severity of ischemic coronary heart disease that is widespread in the United States and much of the world. This widely used test has excellent diagnostic accuracy and strong risk-stratification utility and plays an important role in guiding patient management. As with all testing modalities, the clinical utility of MPI relies on proper procedure performance as improper techniques can lead to incorrect test interpretation, and thus misdiagnosis with potential adverse effects on patient management and outcome. A variety of potential pitfalls must be understood and recognized. These include minimizing referral of "rarely appropriate" patients for testing, selecting the best imaging procedure for each patient, properly preparing a patient for the test to be performed, skillful performance of stress testing and image acquisition, careful image processing, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of different image display options, recognition of common artifacts that can lead to misdiagnoses, distinguishing normal anatomy from true pathology, recognizing noncoronary cardiac disease, and not missing extracardiac pathology. It is important that physicians who perform and interpret radionuclide MPI be well versed in published guidelines and potential pitfalls to proper test performance and interpretation.
Topics: Artifacts; Heart; Heart Diseases; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Multimodal Imaging; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 26278852
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2015.02.003 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Oct 2013Epilepsy is one of the most common yet diverse neurologic disorders, affecting almost 1%-2% of the population. Presently, radionuclide imaging such as PET and SPECT is... (Review)
Review
Epilepsy is one of the most common yet diverse neurologic disorders, affecting almost 1%-2% of the population. Presently, radionuclide imaging such as PET and SPECT is not used in the primary diagnosis or evaluation of recent-onset epilepsy. However, it can play a unique and important role in certain specific situations, such as in noninvasive presurgical localization of epileptogenic brain regions in intractable-seizure patients being considered for epilepsy surgery. Radionuclide imaging can be particularly useful if MR imaging is either negative for lesions or shows several lesions of which only 1 or 2 are suspected to be epileptogenic and if electroencephalogram changes are equivocal or discordant with the structural imaging. Similarly, PET and SPECT can also be useful for evaluating the functional integrity of the rest of the brain and may provide useful information on the possible pathogenesis of the neurocognitive and behavioral abnormalities frequently observed in these patients.
Topics: Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 23970368
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.114397 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Nov 2013PET and SPECT can play an important role in the evaluation of various epileptic syndromes, particularly those with unknown causes, by revealing various underlying... (Review)
Review
PET and SPECT can play an important role in the evaluation of various epileptic syndromes, particularly those with unknown causes, by revealing various underlying abnormalities that may not be fully appreciated from MR imaging studies. In some cases, PET and SPECT provide crucial data that guide surgical resections of the epileptogenic zone for medically refractory epilepsy. In other cases, these neuroimaging modalities preclude a surgical option and can guide genetic studies. Longitudinal PET and SPECT studies may increase our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of epilepsy syndromes and provide a clearer picture of the natural history of neurologic progression.
Topics: Epilepsy; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 24029652
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.129593