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Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... May 1990
Review
Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Radionuclide Imaging; Rats
PubMed: 2187959
DOI: No ID Found -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Sep 2015The article presents common pitfalls encountered in pediatric radionuclide renography, illustrated with clinical cases. It is important to recognize normal variants. A... (Review)
Review
The article presents common pitfalls encountered in pediatric radionuclide renography, illustrated with clinical cases. It is important to recognize normal variants. A good acquisition technique is essential. Correlation with other imaging techniques, with the clinical background and symptoms, is critical. A clear clinical question is essential: based on the question and knowing the strengths and weaknesses of each test, the test which can best answer the question can be selected. Awareness of the pitfalls of radionuclide renography helps avoid errors of interpretation and allows the selection of the most helpful test for clinical management.
Topics: Child; Humans; Kidney; Radioisotope Renography; Radionuclide Imaging; Urinary Bladder
PubMed: 26278853
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2015.04.001 -
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry.... 2002The assessment of gene function, which follows the completion of human genome sequencing, may be performed using the tools of the genome program. These tools represent... (Review)
Review
The assessment of gene function, which follows the completion of human genome sequencing, may be performed using the tools of the genome program. These tools represent high-throughput methods evaluating changes in the expression of many or all genes of an organism at the same time in order to investigate genetic pathways for normal development and disease. They describe proteins on a proteome-wide scale, thereby, creating a new way of doing cell research which results in the determination of three dimensional protein structures and the description of protein networks. These descriptions may then be used for the design of new hypotheses and experiments in the traditional physiological, biochemical, and pharmacological sense. The evaluation of genetically manipulated animals or new designed biomolecules will require a thorough understanding of physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology and the experimental approaches will involve many new technologies including in vivo imaging with SPECT and positron emission tomography (PET). Nuclear medicine procedures may be applied for the determination of gene function and regulation using established and new tracers or using in vivo reporter genes such as genes encoding enzymes, receptors, antigens, or transporters. Pharmacogenomics will identify new surrogate markers for therapy monitoring which may represent potential new tracers for imaging. Also drug distribution studies for new therapeutic biomolecules are needed at least during preclinical stages of drug development. Finally, new biomolecules will be developed by bioengineering methods, which may be used for isotope-based diagnosis and treatment of disease.
Topics: Animals; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Genetic Techniques; Genomics; Humans; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 12552596
DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10386 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Dec 2015Radiopeptides are powerful tools for diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy of various diseases. Since the introduction of the first radiopeptide into the clinical... (Review)
Review
Radiopeptides are powerful tools for diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy of various diseases. Since the introduction of the first radiopeptide into the clinical setting to diagnose neuroendocrine tumors about 25 y ago, many advances have been made in the field. This short review highlights novel strategies to improve the application of radiopeptides for imaging and therapy.
Topics: Fluorine Radioisotopes; Gallium Radioisotopes; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms; Peptides; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Receptors, Somatostatin; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 26514175
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.161158 -
American Family Physician Nov 1991Objective assessment of myocardial perfusion is important in the diagnosis, management and long-term follow-up of patients with coronary artery disease. Thallium-201... (Review)
Review
Objective assessment of myocardial perfusion is important in the diagnosis, management and long-term follow-up of patients with coronary artery disease. Thallium-201 perfusion imaging provides valuable information about myocardial viability, regional myocardial blood flow and physiologically important coronary artery disease at rest, during exercise and during pharmacologically induced coronary vasodilation. Dipyridamole "stress" myocardial imaging is indicated in the evaluation of patients who are unable to exercise or who cannot achieve 85 percent of the maximum predicted heart rate. It also may be useful in the preoperative assessment of patients undergoing elective vascular surgery.
Topics: Coronary Vessels; Dipyridamole; Exercise Test; Heart; Humans; Radionuclide Imaging; Thallium Radioisotopes
PubMed: 1950965
DOI: No ID Found -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Jul 2013Breast cancer mammography is a well-acknowledged technique for patient screening due to its high sensitivity. However, in addition to its low specificity the sensitivity... (Review)
Review
Breast cancer mammography is a well-acknowledged technique for patient screening due to its high sensitivity. However, in addition to its low specificity the sensitivity of mammography is limited when imaging patients with dense breasts. Radionuclide imaging techniques, such as coincidence photon-based positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography or scintimammography, can play a role in assisting screening of such patients. Radionuclide techniques can also be useful in assessing treatment response of patients with breast cancer to therapy, and staging of patients to diagnose the disease extent. However, the performance of these imaging modalities is generally limited because of the poor spatial resolution and sensitivity of the commercially available multipurpose imaging systems. Here, we describe some of the dedicated imaging systems (positron emission mammography [PEM] and breast-specific gamma imaging [BSGI]) that have been developed both commercially and in research laboratories for radionuclide imaging of breast cancer. Clinical studies with dedicated PEM scanners show improved sensitivity to detecting cancer in patients when using PEM in conjunction with additional imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging or mammography or both, as well as improved disease staging that can have an effect on surgical planning. High-resolution BSGI systems are more widely available commercially and several clinical studies have shown very high sensitivity and specificity in detecting cancer in high-risk patients. Further development of dedicated PEM and BSGI systems is ongoing, promising further expansion of radionuclide imaging techniques in the realm of breast cancer detection and treatment.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Humans; Mammography; Radionuclide Imaging; Rotation
PubMed: 23725989
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2013.03.003 -
Indian Pediatrics Jul 2018Renal scintigraphy is a useful tool in diagnosis and management of various nephro-urological conditions. Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy (Tc-99m-DMSA),... (Review)
Review
Renal scintigraphy is a useful tool in diagnosis and management of various nephro-urological conditions. Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy (Tc-99m-DMSA), Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (Tc-99m-MAG3) or Tc-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-99m-DTPA) dynamic renal scintigraphy, and Radionuclide micturating cystography are the common scans used in children with kidney diseases. These studies are minimally invasive, easily available, and offer both anatomic details and functional information required for thorough evaluation. At the same time, it is essential to have appropriate knowledge to interpret these studies and be aware of their limitations and pitfalls. The advent of Positron emission tomography-computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET-CT/MRI) has broadened the scope of nuclear medicine. This article focuses on the technique, interpretation, indication and recent practice guidelines of renal scintigraphy in children with kidney diseases.
Topics: Child; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pediatrics; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 30129542
DOI: No ID Found -
Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR Feb 2020Nuclear medicine (NM) plays a unique role in the detection of infection and inflammation. This review looks at different methods that are used for detection of... (Review)
Review
Nuclear medicine (NM) plays a unique role in the detection of infection and inflammation. This review looks at different methods that are used for detection of infections and explains how they differ from cross-sectional imaging such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Images are provided to aid understanding and interpretation of NM scans. There is also a brief discussion of future techniques that can alter the use of NM for infection work up.
Topics: Humans; Infections; Nuclear Medicine; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 31964489
DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2019.10.005 -
Nuclear Medicine Communications Sep 2019The purpose of this guideline is to assist specialists in Nuclear Medicine and Radionuclide Radiology in recommending, performing, interpreting and reporting the results...
The purpose of this guideline is to assist specialists in Nuclear Medicine and Radionuclide Radiology in recommending, performing, interpreting and reporting the results of Parathyroid Scintigraphy. This guideline will assist individual departments to formulate their own local protocols. This does not aim to be prescriptive regarding technical aspects of individual camera acquisitions which need to be developed in conjunction with the local medical physics expert. These guidelines pertain only to adult patients. There are numerous techniques for localizing Parathyroid adenomas. This guideline will describe the use of 99mTc-sestamibi dual phase imaging which may be used alone or in combination with other modalities.
Topics: Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Parathyroid Glands; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 31365501
DOI: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000001067 -
Biomolecules Apr 2021Recent advances in medical treatments have been revolutionary in shaping the management and treatment landscape of patients, notably cancer patients. Over the last... (Review)
Review
Recent advances in medical treatments have been revolutionary in shaping the management and treatment landscape of patients, notably cancer patients. Over the last decade, patients with diverse forms of locally advanced or metastatic cancer, such as melanoma, lung cancers, and many blood-borne malignancies, have seen their life expectancies increasing significantly. Notwithstanding these encouraging results, the present-day struggle with these treatments concerns patients who remain largely unresponsive, as well as those who experience severely toxic side effects. Gaining deeper insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these variable responses will bring us closer to developing more effective therapeutics. To assess these mechanisms, non-invasive imaging techniques provide valuable whole-body information with precise targeting. An example of such is immuno-PET (Positron Emission Tomography), which employs radiolabeled antibodies to detect specific molecules of interest. Nanobodies, as the smallest derived antibody fragments, boast ideal characteristics for this purpose and have thus been used extensively in preclinical models and, more recently, in clinical early-stage studies as well. Their merit stems from their high affinity and specificity towards a target, among other factors. Furthermore, their small size (~14 kDa) allows them to easily disperse through the bloodstream and reach tissues in a reliable and uniform manner. In this review, we will discuss the powerful imaging potential of nanobodies, primarily through the lens of imaging malignant tumors but also touching upon their capability to image a broader variety of nonmalignant diseases.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radionuclide Imaging; Single-Domain Antibodies
PubMed: 33925941
DOI: 10.3390/biom11050637