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Poultry Science May 1997This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary safflower phospholipids (crude safflower phospholipid and purified safflower phospholipid) on...
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary safflower phospholipids (crude safflower phospholipid and purified safflower phospholipid) on performance and lipid metabolism of laying hens. Sixty-week-old Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens were divided into four groups of seven birds each, and were given one of four experimental diets containing 5% beef tallow (served as a control, tallow), a mixture of safflower oil and palm oil (SP-oil), crude safflower phospholipid (Saf-PLcrude), or purified safflower phospholipid (Saf-PL) for 7 wk. Egg production ratio and daily egg mass were significantly higher in hens fed Saf-PLcrude diets than in hens of the other diet groups. There were no significant differences in egg weight among groups. Liver cholesterol and triglyceride contents were significantly decreased in all treated groups as compared with the control. The activity of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase was the highest in hens fed the Saf-PLcrude diet. Serum esterified cholesterol concentration was decreased by feeding of SP-oil, Saf-PLcrude, or Saf-PL diets. Serum lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity was highest in hens fed the tallow diet. Excreta neutral steroid excretion was significantly increased in the Saf-PLcrude or Saf-PL diet groups, although acidic steroid excretion was not affected by dietary treatments. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid contents in egg yolks were not different for any dietary treatments. The fatty acid compositions of egg yolks from hens fed Saf-PLcrude diets were not different with those fed the SP-oil diet, although eggs of hens fed the Saf-PL diet showed lower total polyunsaturated fatty acids. These results suggest that dietary safflower phospholipids may be a valuable ingredient to layers for reducing liver triglycerides and serum cholesterol without any adverse effects.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Cholesterol; Diet; Dietary Fats; Eating; Egg Yolk; Fatty Liver; Feces; Female; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; Incidence; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Liver; Oviposition; Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase; Phospholipids; Poultry Diseases; Safflower Oil; Steroids; Syndrome; Time Factors
PubMed: 9154621
DOI: 10.1093/ps/76.5.689 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... 2007Total parenteral nutrition containing a lipid emulsion is often employed after surgical tumor resection. This study investigated the effects of a fish oil-based infusion...
OBJECTIVE
Total parenteral nutrition containing a lipid emulsion is often employed after surgical tumor resection. This study investigated the effects of a fish oil-based infusion on rat hepatoma cell invasion.
METHODS
Rat ascites hepatoma cell line AH109A was precultured with a fish oil-based or safflower oil-based emulsion for 48 h. Changes in membranous fatty acid composition were evaluated by gas chromatography. The invasiveness of hepatoma cells was assessed by coculturing with mesentery-derived mesothelial cells. To examine ex vivo effects of the fish oil-based infusion on hepatoma invasion, sera were prepared from rats infused with fish oil- or safflower oil-based emulsion and the effects of these sera were assessed. To clarify the mechanism of inhibition of invasion by the fish oil-based emulsion, the effects of prostaglandin (PG) E(2) and PGE(3) on invasion were examined.
RESULTS
Pretreatment with the fish oil-based emulsion reduced invasiveness without affecting growth compared with the safflower oil-based emulsion. Pretreatment with the sera from rats infused with the fish oil-based emulsion also reduced invasiveness compared with the sera from rats infused with the safflower oil-based emulsion. The addition of PGE(2) eliminated the inhibitory effect of the fish oil-based emulsion, and the addition of PGE(3) reduced the invasiveness of hepatoma cells pretreated with the safflower oil-based emulsion.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the fish oil-based emulsion may have anti-invasive effects. Changes in the membranous fatty acid composition and consequent changes in the prostaglandins produced may be involved in this inhibitory effect.
Topics: Alprostadil; Animals; Cell Division; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Dinoprostone; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fish Oils; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Male; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Random Allocation; Rats; Safflower Oil
PubMed: 17936197
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2007.08.017 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Apr 2001The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of diacylglycerol oil following long-term administration to rats. Diacylglycerol oil is an edible oil with... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of diacylglycerol oil following long-term administration to rats. Diacylglycerol oil is an edible oil with comparable taste and physicochemical properties of several naturally occurring oils. Diacylglycerol oil can be used as a replacement for any generally used edible oil in the home and has been approved for use in cooking oil in Japan. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed low-fat (1.7%) basal diets containing an edible oil composed of rapeseed, corn, high linoleic safflower and high oleic safflower oils at 5.3% (control group 1); an edible oil composed of rapeseed and soybean oils at 5.3% (control group 2); diacylglycerol oil at 2.65% plus edible oil composed of rapeseed, corn, high linoleic safflower and high oleic safflower oils at 2.65% (low-dose group); and diacylglycerol oil at 5.3% (high-dose group) for 2 years. Interim sacrifices were conducted at weeks 30 and 77 and the study was terminated following 105 weeks of feeding. No compound-related effects were noted on clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, cumulative survival rates, hematology, blood chemistry, urinalysis, organ weights or on microscopic non-neoplastic changes. Compared to control group 2, but not control group 1, there was a significant increase in the number of high-dose group females with either benign or malignant epithelial mammary gland neoplasms. These changes were not considered biologically significant, because the tumor incidence was not similar in control group 1 and 2, and the neoplastic findings were not dose related. In summary, the two-year chronic rat study revealed no toxicologically significant or treatment-related effects of diacylglycerol oil consumption at levels of up to 5.3% in the diet.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Corn Oil; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Diglycerides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Female; Hematology; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal; Organ Size; Plant Oils; Rapeseed Oil; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Safety; Safflower Oil; Soybean Oil; Urinalysis
PubMed: 11295479
DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(00)00140-x -
The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2006The effects of Korean Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L) seed oil (SSO) on osteoporosis induced-ovariectomized rats were investigated. A total of 90 female...
The effects of Korean Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L) seed oil (SSO) on osteoporosis induced-ovariectomized rats were investigated. A total of 90 female Sprague-Dawley rats, 4-month-old, weighing 200-230 g were randomly assigned into 3 groups (30 animals/group). The animals in group I were sham operated and those of group II and III were ovariectomized (Ovx). After eight weeks, the animals of group I and II received solvent vehicle daily, whereas those of group III were administered SSO orally (1 ml/kg) daily for 30 days. The changes in the serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGBP-3), estrogen, total alkaline phosphatase (TALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), calcium and phosphorous in serum, and also the histomorphology of the proximal tibia metaphysis and femur/body weight (F/B) ratio were examined in all the groups at every 10 days interval. Thirty days later, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGBP-3 and BALP levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in group III as compared to groups I and II. There were no significant differences in serum levels of estrogen, TALP and F/B ratio between groups II and III, but estrogen levels were higher in group I. These results suggest that the safflower seeds have possible roles in the improvement of osteoporosis induced-ovariectomized rats.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Calcium; Estrogens; Female; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Phosphorus; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Safflower Oil
PubMed: 16883631
DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X06004132 -
The American Journal of Clinical... May 1988The objective was to determine if dietary fish oil decreased the degree of fatty acid saturation in rat lung phosphatidylcholine (PC). A diet containing 12% of its...
The objective was to determine if dietary fish oil decreased the degree of fatty acid saturation in rat lung phosphatidylcholine (PC). A diet containing 12% of its energy as fat was fed for 3 wk to growing male Sprague-Dawley rats (trial I) or to pregnant rats for days 8-21 of gestation (trial II). The dietary fat treatments in trial I were safflower oil (SO), menhaden oil (MO), or hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO) and in trial II were SO, MO, HCO, or SO-MO (75%:25%). Polyunsaturated fatty acids reduced (p less than 0.05) hepatic fatty acid synthetase (MO greater than SO) in growing rats but the dietary lipids had no effect on lung palmitate content. Maternal consumption of MO vs SO reduced (p less than 0.05) fetal body weight and lung weight but not lung:body wt ratio. Dietary MO and SO-MO increased (p less than 0.05) disaturated PC content of fetal lungs. The fetal lung data indicate that maternal ingestion of fish oil improve fetal lung maturation.
Topics: Animals; Coconut Oil; Dietary Fats; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Fatty Acid Synthases; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Female; Fish Oils; Liver; Lung; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Palmitic Acid; Palmitic Acids; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylinositols; Phospholipids; Plant Oils; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Safflower Oil
PubMed: 3364398
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/47.5.828 -
JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral... 1982Five surgical infants, ages 3 to 30 days, were studied while receiving peripheral total parenteral nutrition for a period of 2 weeks. By a randomized sequence, either 10... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
Five surgical infants, ages 3 to 30 days, were studied while receiving peripheral total parenteral nutrition for a period of 2 weeks. By a randomized sequence, either 10 or 20% safflower oil emulsion was infused the first week, followed by the alternate solution during the second week. Caloric intake was 80 to 100 cal/kg/day, of which lipids comprised one-third to one-half. No adverse side effects were noted. Eosinophilia developed in three patients, but otherwise no changes in hematologic and biochemical parameters, including liver enzymes, were noted. Weight gain averaged 11.1 g/kg/day during the study period and was similar for the 10 and 20% solutions. Intravenous fluid intake averaged 21 ml/kg/day less during the week of the patients received 20% fluid emulsions. The 20% safflower oil emulsion proved comparable to the 10% solution in both safety and efficacy and enabled significant reduction of fluid intake while maintaining infused caloric levels.
Topics: Body Weight; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Growth; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Oils; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Random Allocation; Safflower Oil
PubMed: 6804651
DOI: 10.1177/014860718200600125 -
American Journal of Public Health Feb 1993We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study to determine the effects of fish oil supplementation on blood pressure in middle-aged men. Subjects were... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study to determine the effects of fish oil supplementation on blood pressure in middle-aged men. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume either 20 g of fish oil or safflower oil for 12 weeks and then consume the other oil for an additional 12 weeks after a 4-week washout period. We found no significant changes from the pretreatment value in systolic or diastolic blood pressure with the use of fish oil supplements. In addition, there were no significant differences in the posttreatment blood pressures comparing the fish and safflower oil phases of the study.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Double-Blind Method; Fish Oils; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Safflower Oil; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 8427339
DOI: 10.2105/ajph.83.2.267 -
Canadian Journal of Physiology and... Nov 2013Owing to their spontaneous development of atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE(KO)) are one of the best studied animal models for this disease. Little...
Owing to their spontaneous development of atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE(KO)) are one of the best studied animal models for this disease. Little is known about the utility of various omega-3 fatty acid regimens, in particular fish oils, in preventing cardiac disease in ApoE(KO) mice. The purpose of this study was to determine the cardiovascular effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation with either safflower oil (control), fish oil, flaxseed oil, or designed oil in ApoE(KO) mice fed a high-fat diet for a total of 16 weeks. In-vivo cardiac function was assessed weekly using murine echocardiography. Blood pressure, plasma lipid levels, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were serially measured. The results show that ApoE(KO) mice fed fish oil demonstrated an increase in left ventricular wall thickness as a result of increased afterload. Despite chronic treatment with fish oil over 16 weeks, blood pressure increased in ApoE(KO) mice by 20% compared with the baseline. Both echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and biochemical increase in BNP levels confirmed diastolic dysfunction in ApoE(KO) mice fed fish oil. This suggests that high-fat diet supplemented with fish oil may lead to adverse cardiovascular effects in ApoE deficient mice.
Topics: Animals; Apolipoproteins E; Blood Pressure; Cardiotonic Agents; Echocardiography; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fish Oils; Hemodynamics; Linseed Oil; Lipid Metabolism; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Safflower Oil; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 24117264
DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0077 -
The Journal of Heart and Lung... 1991The effect of fish oil on accelerated graft coronary arteriosclerosis was assessed in Lewis to Brown-Norway rat heterotopic cardiac allografts. Twelve Brown-Norway rats...
The effect of fish oil on accelerated graft coronary arteriosclerosis was assessed in Lewis to Brown-Norway rat heterotopic cardiac allografts. Twelve Brown-Norway rats were supplemented with 2 ml/kg/day of fish oil (68.3 mg eicosopentaenoic acid and 47.5 mg decosahexaenoic acid per milliliter). Eleven additional animals, receiving an isocaloric amount of safflower oil, served as control. All diets began 1 week before operation. Immunosuppression was obtained with low-dose cyclosporine (2 mg/kg/d). When killed (100 days), there were no significant differences in percentage weight gain, graft function, or histologic rejection score. Although lipid profiles were comparable, total cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein ratio was marginally higher in animals treated with fish oil (p = 0.069). Mean percentage luminal occlusion (before and after correcting for differences in size between coronary vessels analyzed) and average intimal thickness were similar between animals treated with fish oil and safflower oil as assessed by computer-assisted digitized, morphometric planimetry. In all allografts, donor interstitial dendritic cells were repopulated with recipient dendritic cells. The major histocompatibility complex class II cell density in the fish oil group did not differ significantly from rats supplemented with safflower oil (1.48 +/- 0.68 vs 1.48 +/- 0.65 cells per mm2, p = 0.995). In conclusion, fish oil did not exert any beneficial effect over safflower oil in terms of graft coronary arteriosclerosis, histologic rejection, or plasma lipids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Animals; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Vessels; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fish Oils; Gene Expression; Heart Transplantation; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Rats; Rats, Inbred BN; Rats, Inbred Lew; Safflower Oil; Transplantation, Heterotopic
PubMed: 1756147
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Oleo Science 2008Type 2 diabetes is characterized partially by elevated fasting blood serum glucose and insulin concentrations and the percentage of hemoglobin as HbA1c. It was... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Type 2 diabetes is characterized partially by elevated fasting blood serum glucose and insulin concentrations and the percentage of hemoglobin as HbA1c. It was hypothesized that each of blood glucose and its co-factors insulin and HbA1c and would show a more favorable profile as the result of flaxseed oil supplementation. Patients were recruited at random from a population pool responding to a recruitment advertisement in the local newspaper and 2 area physicians. Completing the trial were 10 flaxseed oil males, 8 flaxseed oil females, 8 safflower (placebo) oil males and 6 safflower oil females. Patients visited on two pre-treatment occasions each three months apart (visits 1 and 2). At visit 2 subjects were randomly assigned in double blind fashion and in equal gender numbers to take flaxseed oil or safflower oil for three further months until visit 3. Oil consumption in both groups was approximately 10 g/d. ALA intake in the intervention group was approximately 5.5 g/d. Power was 0.80 to see a difference of 1 mmol of glucose /L using 12 subjects per group with a p < 0.05. Flaxseed oil had no impact on fasting blood serum glucose, insulin or HbA1c levels. It is concluded that high doses of flaxseed oil have no effect on glycemic control in type 2 diabetics.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fasting; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Insulin; Linseed Oil; Male; Middle Aged; Placebos; Safflower Oil; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 18391475
DOI: 10.5650/jos.57.269