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Journal of Food Science Jan 2021Edible, water-soluble, heat-sealable, and antioxidant films were developed from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or soy protein isolate (SPI) and applied as...
Edible, water-soluble, heat-sealable, and antioxidant films were developed from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or soy protein isolate (SPI) and applied as safflower oil packaging. A 0.1 or 0.2% DL-α-tocopherol acetate (VE) and 0 or 0.25% oleic acid were added into film formulations to provide antioxidant and hydrophobic properties, respectively, using a 2 factorial design. Films were analyzed for appearance, microstructure, water and oil sensitivity, mechanical properties, and antioxidant functionality. Subsequently, a completely randomized design was implemented for incorporating 2, 4, or 6% cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs, w/w dry weight polymer) for improving film mechanical and barrier properties. HPMC-based films achieved full dissolution in water at <55 °C under 5 min, while SPI-based films disintegrated in water up to 90 °C. Oleic acid significantly increased (P < 0.05) heat sealability of SPI film from 78 to 143 N/m and elongation at break from 36% to 88%, but decreased tensile strength and heat sealability of HPMC films by 55% and 41%, respectively. As safflower oil packaging, after 60 days of storage at 35 °C, oil contained in SPI-based pouch had the lowest peroxide values, 8.1 ± 0.9 mEq/kg. Based on barrier, mechanical, and antioxidant capacity evaluations, HPMC film with 0.1% VE and SPI film with 0.25% oleic acid and 0.1% VE were incorporated with CNC. SPI/CNC films did not show observable trends, but HPMC/2% CNC film exhibited significantly improved mechanical and barrier properties, with oxygen permeability of 5.0 mL mm/m day kPa. The developed films are a promising packaging alternative to decrease plastic waste, extend shelf life of lipid-based foods, and increase consumer convenience. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Individually packaged, single-use pouches of sauce or oil are common for seasoning instant and frozen foods, creating unnecessary plastic waste. Edible, water-soluble packaging with antioxidant functionality would reduce plastic waste, extend shelf life by preventing oxidation, and increase consumer convenience. The biopolymeric films and pouches developed in this study have unique properties from water solubility across a wide range of temperatures, resistance to oil, high oxygen barrier, and good heat sealability, providing a variety of potential applications for promoting sustainable food packaging.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cellulose; Food Packaging; Hypromellose Derivatives; Nanoparticles; Oxidation-Reduction; Permeability; Random Allocation; Safflower Oil; Solubility; Soybean Proteins; Tensile Strength; Water
PubMed: 33258162
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15543 -
Journal of the Indian Medical... Nov 2010Cardiovascular diseases have emerged as major health burden worldwide in recent times. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) serves as the primary marker for... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
LDL-cholesterol lowering activity of a blend of rice bran oil and safflower oil (8:2) in patients with hyperlipidaemia: a proof of concept, double blind, controlled, randomised parallel group study.
Cardiovascular diseases have emerged as major health burden worldwide in recent times. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) serves as the primary marker for cardiovascular diseases. Reports suggest that rice bran oil has antihyperlipidaemic properties. However, current evidence suggests that no single oil can provide the recommended dietary fat ratio. Hence the present study was undertaken in patients with hyperlipidaemia to study effects of substitution of the cooking oil with a blend of 80% rice bran oil and 20% safflower oil on LDL-C levels. The selected patients (n = 73) were randomly assigned either to the study oil group (blend under study) or control oil group (the oil which the patient was using before). The lipid profile was monitored monthly in these patients for 3 months during which they consumed the oil as per the randomisation. At each follow up, LDL-C levels showed a significant reduction from baseline in the study oil group and reduction was more than that observed in the control group. It was also observed that the percentage of the respondents was higher in the study oil group. At the end of the study period, 82% patients from this group had LDL levels less than 150 mg% as against 57% in the control group. Thus, the substitution of usual cooking oil with a blend of rice bran oil and safflower oil (8:2) was found to exert beneficial effects on the LDL-C levels shifting them to low-risk lipid category.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Cholesterol, LDL; Cooking; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Male; Middle Aged; Plant Oils; Prospective Studies; Rice Bran Oil; Safflower Oil; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 21510583
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Sep 1998The aim of this present study was to determine plasma levels of lathosterol, lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins during diets rich in butter, coconut fat and...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this present study was to determine plasma levels of lathosterol, lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins during diets rich in butter, coconut fat and safflower oil.
DESIGN
The study consisted of sequential six week periods of diets rich in butter, coconut fat then safflower oil and measurements were made at baseline and at week 4 in each diet period.
SUBJECTS
Forty-one healthy Pacific island polynesians living in New Zealand participated in the trial.
INTERVENTIONS
Subjects were supplied with some foods rich in the test fats and were given detailed dietary advice which was reinforced regularly.
RESULTS
Plasma lathosterol concentration (P < 0.001), the ratio plasma lathosterol/cholesterol (P=0.04), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P<0.001) and apoB (P<0.001) levels were significantly different among the diets and were significantly lower during coconut and safflower oil diets compared with butter diets. Plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and apoA-levels were also significantly (P< or =0.001) different among the diets and were not significantly different between buffer and coconut diets.
CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that cholesterol synthesis is lower during diets rich in coconut fat and safflower oil compared with diets rich in butter and might be associated with lower production rates of apoB-containing lipoproteins.
Topics: Adult; Apolipoproteins A; Apolipoproteins B; Butter; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Coconut Oil; Dietary Fats; Female; Humans; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Male; Plant Oils; Safflower Oil; Triglycerides
PubMed: 9756121
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600621 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2018The study was aimed at evaluating the effects of vegetable oils on emulsion stability. Palm olein (POo), olive oil (OO), safflower oil (SAF), grape seed oil (GSO),...
The study was aimed at evaluating the effects of vegetable oils on emulsion stability. Palm olein (POo), olive oil (OO), safflower oil (SAF), grape seed oil (GSO), soybean oil (SBO) and sunflower oil (SFO) with different degree of saturation levels were chosen as major ingredient of oil phases. All the emulsions were stored at 4℃, 27℃ and 40℃ for 35 days and subjected to all the stability tests, including temperature variation, centrifuge test, cycle test, pH and slip melting point. The results indicated that POo exhibited the highest stability, followed by SAF, OO, GSO, SFO and SBO. In addition, the results implied that the degree of saturation levels of vegetable oils does give significant effect on emulsion stability based on the centrifuge testing for an approximate 30% usage level of oil. The POo-based emulsion exhibited good emulsion stability throughout the experimental period indicated that POo could be a good carrier oil for various applications in cosmetic industry.
Topics: Centrifugation; Cosmetics; Emulsions; Grape Seed Extract; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Olive Oil; Palm Oil; Plant Oils; Safflower Oil; Soybean Oil; Temperature; Transition Temperature
PubMed: 30404958
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18067 -
Animal Science Journal = Nihon Chikusan... Jun 2011Supplementation effect of fish oil and/or fumarate on production of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and methane by rumen microbes was examined when incubated with... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Supplementation effect of fish oil and/or fumarate on production of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and methane by rumen microbes was examined when incubated with safflower oil. One hundred and twenty milligrams of safflower oil (SO), safflower oil with 24 mg fish oil (SOFO), safflower oil with 24 mmol/L fumarate (SOFA), or safflower oil with 24 mg fish oil and 24 mmol/L fumarate (SOFOFA) were added to the 90 mL culture solution. The culture solution was also made without any supplements (control). The SOFA and SOFOFA increased pH and propionate (C3) compared to other treatments from 3 h incubation time. An accumulated amount of total methane (CH(4) ) for 12 h incubation was decreased by all the supplements compared to control. The concentrations of c9,t11CLA for all the incubation times were increased in the treatments of SOFO, SOFA and SOFOFA compared to SO. The highest concentration of c9,t11CLA was observed from SOFOFA among all the treatments at all incubation times. Overall data indicate that supplementation of combined fumarate and/or fish oil when incubated with safflower oil could depress CH(4) generation and increase production of C(3) and CLA under the condition of current in vitro study.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Fish Oils; Fumarates; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; Methane; Rumen; Safflower Oil
PubMed: 21615838
DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00857.x -
Journal of Animal Science Sep 2005The objective of this study was to determine whether increasing levels of dietary safflower oil would alter unsaturated fat (especially CLA) and tocopherol content of...
The objective of this study was to determine whether increasing levels of dietary safflower oil would alter unsaturated fat (especially CLA) and tocopherol content of lamb, animal performance, carcass characteristics, or color stability of lamb muscle tissue. Targhee x Rambouillet wethers (n = 60) were assigned to one of three diets (four pens per treatment with five lambs per pen) in a completely random design. Diets were formulated with supplemental safflower oil at 0 (control), 3, or 6% (as-fed basis) of the diet. Diets containing approximately 80% concentrate and 20% roughage were formulated, on a DM basis, to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous and to meet or exceed NRC requirements for Ca, P, and other nutrients. A subsample of 12 wethers per treatment was selected based on average BW (54 kg) and slaughtered. Carcass data (LM area, fat thickness, and internal fat content) and wholesale cut weight (leg, loin, rack, shoulder, breast, and foreshank), along with fatty acid, tocopherol, and color analysis, were determined on each carcass. The LM and infraspinatus were sampled for fatty acid profile. Increasing safflower oil supplementation from 0 to 3 or 6% increased the proportion of linoleic acid in the diet from 49.93 to 55.32 to 62.38%, respectively, whereas the percentage of oleic acid decreased from 27.94 to 23.80 to 20.73%, respectively. The percentage of oil in the diet did not (P > or = 0.11) alter the growth and carcass characteristics of lambs, nor did it alter the tocopherol content or color stability of meat. Increasing levels of safflower oil in lamb diets decreased (P < 0.01) the weight percentage of oleic acid in the infraspinatus and LM, and increased linoleic acid (P < 0.01). Oil supplementation increased (P < 0.01) the weight percentage of various isomers of CLA in muscle, with the greatest change in the cis-9,trans-11 isomer. Supplementation of sheep diets with safflower oil, up to 6% of the diet, resulted in increasing levels of unsaturated fatty acids and CLA in the lean tissue, without adversely affecting growth performance, carcass characteristics, or color stability of lamb.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; Male; Meat; Muscle, Skeletal; Random Allocation; Safflower Oil; Sheep; Tocopherols
PubMed: 16100073
DOI: 10.2527/2005.8392175x -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Apr 1991Effect of feeding safflower oil and coconut oil in experimental myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats was studied. Based on the survival rate and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Effect of feeding safflower oil and coconut oil in experimental myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats was studied. Based on the survival rate and histopathological examination, safflower oil was found to offer better protection than coconut oil. Serum GOT levels also confirmed the protective activity of safflower oil. The concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in the heart and aorta were lower in the safflower oil fed group, while the level of phospholipids was higher.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Coconut Oil; Cocos; Dietary Fats; Isoproterenol; Lipids; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardium; Plant Oils; Rats; Safflower Oil
PubMed: 1879889
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancer Apr 1997The nonpromoting effect of olive oil on colon carcinogenesis has been attributed to its high oleic acid content, whereas a positive association of monounsaturated fat in...
BACKGROUND
The nonpromoting effect of olive oil on colon carcinogenesis has been attributed to its high oleic acid content, whereas a positive association of monounsaturated fat in beef tallow with colon tumors has been reported. The effect of constituents other than fatty acids could not be neglected in these experiments. In order to minimize the effects of minor constituents in the oils, the authors compared conventional safflower oil with oil from a mutant strain of safflower that is rich in oleic acid.
METHODS
ICR mice were treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 20 mg/kg body weight every week for 12 weeks) and then were fed either a high-fat diet (23.5% by weight), containing safflower oil (HF-LA) or high-oleic safflower oil (HF-OA), or a low-fat diet (5% by weight), containing safflower oil (LF-LA) or high-oleic safflower oil (LF-OA). The test diets were continued until termination of the experiment at 30 weeks after the first administration of DMH. Fatty acid composition of colon phospholipids was determined by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
RESULTS
Tumor multiplicity in animals fed the HF-OA diet was indistinguishable from that in animals fed LF-LA or LF-OA. In contrast, animals fed the HF-LA diet had a significantly higher incidence of colon tumors (mostly adenocarcinomas) than the other groups. Fatty acid profiles of colon phospholipids reflected those of the diet. Animals fed a HF-LA diet showed a marked decrease of nervonic acid (C24:1, n-9) in the colon sphingomyelin.
CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate that oleic acid does not enhance DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis in mice, even when they are fed a high-fat diet.
Topics: 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; Animals; Carcinogenicity Tests; Carcinogens; Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Dimethylhydrazines; Eating; Female; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phospholipids; Safflower Oil; Weight Gain
PubMed: 9118028
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19970415)79:8<1487::aid-cncr7>3.0.co;2-8 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Nov 2017Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is commercially cultivated for vegetable oil extracted from the seeds. However, during the production process of seed oil, a large...
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is commercially cultivated for vegetable oil extracted from the seeds. However, during the production process of seed oil, a large amount of the oil cake is thrown away or fermented as fertilizer to improve the homing rate of pigeons. Therefore, to solve the ecological problem and develop its new function, we investigated the chemical constituents of a safflower seed oil cake, and six new hybrid dimers, (±)-carthatins A-F (1-6, respectively), with a phenylpropanoid and a feruloylserotonin fused via a dihydrofuran ring, together with four known compounds, including sinapyl alcohol (7), coniferyl alcohol (8), serotobenine (9), and feruloylserotonin (10), were isolated. The extensive nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, combined with electronic circular dichroism analysis and chiral high-performance liquid chromatography, allowed the complete structural assignments of (±)-carthatins A-F. Moreover, we evaluated their anti-acetylcholinesterase activities. Racemic carthatins A and B (1 and 2, respectively) showed anti-acetylcholinesterase effects with IC values of 17.96 and 66.83 μM, respectively. To some extent, our findings provide a new scaffold of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, which could be beneficial for developing therapeutic molecules for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and supporting folk application of a safflower seed oil cake.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Carthamus tinctorius; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dimerization; Molecular Structure; Safflower Oil; Seeds
PubMed: 28992692
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03431 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2018This study aimed to characterize the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in the bovine mammary gland and to infer their functions in dietary response to 5% linseed...
This study aimed to characterize the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in the bovine mammary gland and to infer their functions in dietary response to 5% linseed oil (LSO) or 5% safflower oil (SFO). Twelve cows (six per treatment) in mid lactation were fed a control diet for 28 days followed by a treatment period (control diet supplemented with 5% LSO or 5% SFO) of 28 days. Mammary gland biopsies were collected from each animal on day-14 (D-14, control period), D+7 (early treatment period) and D+28 (late treatment period) and were subjected to RNA-Sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics analyses. Functional enrichment of lncRNA was performed via potential regulated target genes located within 50 kb flanking regions of lncRNAs and having expression correlation of >0.7 with mRNAs. A total of 4955 lncRNAs (325 known and 4630 novel) were identified which potentially targeted 59 and 494 genes in LSO and SFO treatments, respectively. Enrichments of target genes of lncRNAs indicated potential roles of lncRNAs in immune function, nucleic acid metabolism and cell membrane organization processes as well as involvement in Notch, cAMP and TGF-β signaling pathways. Thirty-two and 21 lncRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) in LSO and SFO treatments, respectively. Six genes (, , , , and ) were identified as potential target genes of six DE lncRNAs. In conclusion, this study has identified lncRNAs with potential roles in mammary gland functions and potential candidate genes and pathways via which lncRNAs might function in response to LSO and SFA.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Dietary Supplements; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Ontology; Linseed Oil; Mammary Glands, Animal; RNA, Long Noncoding; RNA, Messenger; Reproducibility of Results; Safflower Oil
PubMed: 30445766
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113610