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JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral... 1980Intravenous hyperalimentation in chronically ill patients has become increasingly common in hospitalized patients. Total parenteral nutrition includes supply of...
Intravenous hyperalimentation in chronically ill patients has become increasingly common in hospitalized patients. Total parenteral nutrition includes supply of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. The safety of a new emulsion of safflower oil (Liposyn 10%) infused by peripheral vein was evaluated in 15 normal male volunteers. All subjects tolerated Liposyn infusion, with a low incidence of side effects, when given either as a single infusion or multiple daily infusions to provide 4% of daily caloric requirements in the form of linoleic acid for 5 consecutive days. In large doses, the lipid infusion was accompanied by a decrease in Lee-White clotting time in most subjects, and 1.5 to 2 U/ml of heparin added to the emulsion reversed this effect. Such mini doses of heparin also accelerated the breakdown and disappearance of triglycerides, with a resultant increase in serum free fatty acids and cholesterol. These data suggest that safflower oil emulsion can be used as a source of essential fatty acids for intravenous alimentation. It is also suggested that patients receiving lipid infusion should receive heparin to minimize risks associated with hypercoagulability of blood.
Topics: Adult; Blood Coagulation; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Energy Intake; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Heparin; Humans; Male; Oils; Parenteral Nutrition; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Safflower Oil; Triglycerides
PubMed: 6772813
DOI: 10.1177/014860718000400313 -
Food Chemistry Dec 2016This work investigates the extraction process of safflower oil using pressurized ethanol, and compares the chemical composition obtained (in terms of fatty acids) with... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This work investigates the extraction process of safflower oil using pressurized ethanol, and compares the chemical composition obtained (in terms of fatty acids) with other extraction techniques. Soxhlet and Ultrasound showed maximum global yield of 36.53% and 30.41%, respectively (70°C and 240min). PLE presented maximum global yields of 25.62% (3mLmin(-1)), 19.94% (2mLmin(-1)) and 12.37% (1mLmin(-1)) at 40°C, 100bar and 60min. Palmitic acid showed the lower concentration in all experimental conditions (from 5.70% to 7.17%); Stearic and Linoleic acid presented intermediate concentrations (from 2.93% to 25.09% and 14.09% to 19.06%, respectively); Oleic acid showed higher composition (from 55.12% to 83.26%). Differences between percentages of fatty acids, depending on method were observed. Results may be applied to maximize global yields and select fatty acids, reducing the energetic costs and process time.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Linoleic Acid; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Palmitic Acid; Pressure; Safflower Oil; Seeds
PubMed: 27451200
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.111 -
Food Chemistry Dec 2018The study aimed at improving the antioxidant activity of β-conglycinin to enhance the oxidative and physical stabilities of safflower oil-in-water emulsion stabilized...
The study aimed at improving the antioxidant activity of β-conglycinin to enhance the oxidative and physical stabilities of safflower oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by β-conglycinin. Heating promoted binding affinity and antioxidant activity of β-conglycinin. Catechin and chlorogenic acid showed higher binding affinities towards unheated (or heated) β-conglycinin than caffeic acid and quercetin. The enhancement efficiencies of the phenolics on the antioxidant activity of unheated (or heated) β-conglycinin decreased in the order of catechin > quercetin > chlorogenic acid > caffeic acid. Hydrophobic force and hydrogen bonding were the important binding forces for the selected phenolics to β-conglycinin. The complexation with catechin has no side effect on interfacial behavior and emulsifying property of β-conglycinin. The use of heated β-conglycinin-catechin complex as an emulsifier for preparing safflower oil emulsion effectively improved the oxidative and physical stabilities of the emulsion treated with lipoxygenase through inhibition of lipid oxidation, protein carbonyl formation and sulfhydryl loss.
Topics: Antigens, Plant; Antioxidants; Catechin; Emulsions; Globulins; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipoxygenases; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Binding; Protein Carbonylation; Safflower Oil; Seed Storage Proteins; Soybean Proteins; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Water
PubMed: 30064764
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.108 -
Journal of the American College of... May 2007
Topics: Coconut Oil; Humans; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Plant Oils; Safflower Oil; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Vitamin E; Vitamins
PubMed: 17466237
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.04.001 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Jun 2012Recently, steps have been taken to further developments toward increasing gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) concentration and lowering costs in plant seed oils using transgenic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Comparison of growth, serum biochemistries and n-6 fatty acid metabolism in rats fed diets supplemented with high-gamma-linolenic acid safflower oil or borage oil for 90 days.
Recently, steps have been taken to further developments toward increasing gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) concentration and lowering costs in plant seed oils using transgenic technology. Through identification and expression of a fungal delta-6 desaturase gene in the high linoleic acid safflower plant, the seeds from this genetic transformation produce oil with >40% GLA (high GLA safflower oil (HGSO)). The aim of the study was to compare the effects of feeding HGSO to a generally recognized as safe source of GLA, borage oil, in a 90 day safety study in rats. Weanling male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a semi-synthetic, fat free, pelleted diet (AIN93G) supplemented with a 10% (wt/wt) oil blend containing HGSO or borage oil, with equivalent GLA levels. Results demonstrated that feeding diets containing HGSO or borage oil for 90 days had similar biologic effects with regard to growth characteristics, body composition, behavior, organ weight and histology, and parameters of hematology and serum biochemistries in both sexes. Metabolism of the primary n-6 fatty acids in plasma and organ phospholipids was similar, despite minor changes in females. We conclude that HGSO is biologically equivalent to borage oil and provides a safe alternative source of GLA in the diet.
Topics: Animals; Blood Cell Count; Blood Chemical Analysis; Body Composition; Borago; Diet; Eating; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-6; Female; Growth; Kidney; Male; Mesentery; Organ Size; Phospholipids; Plant Oils; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Safflower Oil; Spleen; Triglycerides; gamma-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 22265940
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.001 -
Bioresource Technology Sep 2008Three seeds of Turkish origin, flax, poppy and safflower were analyzed for their proximate, fatty acids, tocols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) and total phenolic...
Three seeds of Turkish origin, flax, poppy and safflower were analyzed for their proximate, fatty acids, tocols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) and total phenolic composition, and oxidative stability of their oil. The major fatty acid in the flax oil was alpha-linolenic acid, comprising 58.3% of total fatty acids, whereas poppy and safflower oils were rich in linoleic acid at 74.5% and 70.5% level, respectively. The amount of total tocols was 14.6 mg/100g flax, 11.0mg/100g poppy and 12.1mg/100g safflower seed. Flax and poppy oil were rich in gamma-tocopherol as 79.4 mg/100g oil and 30.9 mg/100g oil, respectively, while alpha-tocopherol (44.1g/100g oil) was dominant in safflower oil. Only alpha- and gamma-tocotrienol were found in the oils. Oxidative stability of oils was measured at 110 degrees C at the rate of 20 L/h air flow rate, and poppy oil (5.56 h) was most stabile oil followed by safflower oil (2.87 h) and flax oil (1.57). There were no correlation between oxidative stability and unsaturation degree of fatty acids and tocol levels of the oils. All of the seeds investigated provide a healthy oil profile and may have potential as a source of specialty oils on a commercial scale.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Linseed Oil; Oxidation-Reduction; Papaver; Safflower Oil
PubMed: 18198133
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.12.009 -
Acta Biochimica Et Biophysica Sinica Mar 2010The aim of this study was to investigate the prevention of diet-induced obesity by a high safflower oil diet and adipocytic gene expression in mice. Forty 3-week-old...
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevention of diet-induced obesity by a high safflower oil diet and adipocytic gene expression in mice. Forty 3-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CON, 5% lard + 5% safflower oil), high lard group (LAR, 45% lard + 5% safflower oil), and high safflower oil group (SAF, 45% safflower oil + 5% lard). After 10 weeks, 10 mice of the LAR group were switched to high safflower oil diet (LAR-SAF). Ten weeks later, glucose tolerance tests were performed by intraperitoneal injection of glucose. Circulating levels of lipid and insulin were measured and white adipose tissues were taken for gene chip and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The LAR group showed higher body weight, adiposity index, insulin, and lipids than the CON group (P<0.05). The body weight in the LAR-SAF group decreased after dietary reversal. The plasma biochemical profiles decreased in the LAR-SAF and SAF groups (P<0.05) compared with those of the LAR group. The blood glucose level of the LAR-SAF group was reduced during intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test compared with that of the LAR group. The LAR-SAF group had lower levels of Orexin and Ghrelin gene expression, whereas the level of PPARalpha gene expression was significantly enhanced compared with that of the LAR group. So, the SAF diet can alter adipocytic adiposity-related gene expression and result in effective amelioration of diet-induced obesity.
Topics: Adipocytes; Administration, Oral; Animals; Diet; Gene Expression Regulation; Ghrelin; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuropeptides; Obesity; Orexins; PPAR alpha; Safflower Oil
PubMed: 20213045
DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmq010 -
Effect of fish oil and safflower oil in common Japanese diet on human plasma fatty acid composition.Journal of Nutritional Science and... Aug 1990The influence of fish oil and safflower oil contained in the common Japanese diet as the main dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid source on plasma fatty acids in ten... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The influence of fish oil and safflower oil contained in the common Japanese diet as the main dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid source on plasma fatty acids in ten female student volunteers (21-22 years old) was investigated. The subjects were divided into two groups and fed the experimental diets for five days. The total daily fat intake in the fish diet and safflower oil diet was 54.4 g and 56.2 g, respectively, and the fat derived from fish and safflower oil was 16 g and 23 g, respectively. The proportion of linoleic acid was reduced in the plasma of subjects fed the fish diet and increased in the plasma of subjects fed the safflower oil diet. The plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were significantly elevated in the fish diet group. The ratio of EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) was higher, and those of n-6/n-3 and n-9/n-3 were lower in the plasma of subjects fed the fish diet when compared to the results obtained from plasma of subjects fed the safflower oil diet. From these results, it seems likely that fish oil in the common Japanese diet is a favorable source of plasma EPA and DHA even in such short term supplementation and with such a small amount of daily consumption.
Topics: Adult; Arachidonic Acid; Arachidonic Acids; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Female; Fish Oils; Humans; Japan; Linoleic Acid; Linoleic Acids; Safflower Oil
PubMed: 2150530
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.36.4-supplementi_423 -
Lipids Sep 2007Healthy ageing is gaining attention in the lipid nutrition field. As in vivo biomarkers of healthy ageing, we have evaluated the survival, learning/memory performance,... (Review)
Review
Healthy ageing is gaining attention in the lipid nutrition field. As in vivo biomarkers of healthy ageing, we have evaluated the survival, learning/memory performance, and physical potencies in rodents fed a diet supplemented with high-linoleic acid (LNA, omega6) safflower oil or high-alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, omega3) perilla oil for long periods. The results suggested that perilla oil with a low omega6/omega3 ratio is beneficial for healthy ageing. In order to address this issue further, we determined the survival of stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) rats fed a conventional rodent diet supplemented with 10% fat or oil. Survival was longer with omega3-rich oils compared with omega6-rich oils. However, some kinds of vegetable oils and hydrogenated oils shortened the survival of SHRSP rats to an unusual degree (ca. 40% compared with that of omega6-rich oil) that could not be accounted for by the fatty acid and phytosterol composition of the oils. The observed decrease in platelet counts was associated with pathological changes in the kidney and other organs. Dihydro-vitamin K1 is proposed as a likely candidate as a stroke-stimulating factor in hydrogenated oils. Thus, factors other than fatty acids (omega6/omega3 balance) and phytosterols must be taken into account when fats and oils are evaluated in relation to healthy ageing.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Humans; Plant Oils; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Safflower Oil; Stroke; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 17546469
DOI: 10.1007/s11745-007-3073-1 -
Lipids Nov 2009The aim of this study was to compare the effects of cocoa butter and safflower oil on hepatic transcript profiles, lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy...
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of cocoa butter and safflower oil on hepatic transcript profiles, lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy rats. Cocoa butter-based high-fat feeding for 3 days did not affect plasma total triglyceride (TG) levels or TG-rich VLDL particles or hepatic insulin sensitivity, but changes in hepatic gene expression were induced that might lead to increased lipid synthesis, lipotoxicity, inflammation and insulin resistance if maintained. Safflower oil increased hepatic beta-oxidation, was beneficial in terms of circulating TG-rich VLDL particles, but led to reduced hepatic insulin sensitivity. The effects of safflower oil on hepatic gene expression were partly overlapping with those exerted by cocoa butter, but fewer transcripts from anabolic pathways were altered. Increased hepatic cholesterol levels and increased expression of hepatic CYP7A1 and ABCG5 mRNA, important gene products in bile acid production and cholesterol excretion, were specific effects elicited by safflower oil only. Common effects on gene expression included increased levels of p8, DIG-1 IGFBP-1 and FGF21, and reduced levels of SCD-1 and SCD-2. This indicates that a lipid-induced program for hepatic lipid disposal and cell survival was induced by 3 days of high-fat feeding, independent on the lipid source. Based on the results, we speculate that hepatic TG infiltration leads to reduced expression of SCD-1, which might mediate either neutral, beneficial or unfavorable effects on hepatic metabolism upon high-fat feeding, depending on which fatty acids were provided by the diet.
Topics: Animals; Dietary Fats; Gene Expression; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Safflower Oil; Triglycerides
PubMed: 19806378
DOI: 10.1007/s11745-009-3352-0