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The American Journal of Clinical... Aug 1991Platelet function and fatty acid composition were investigated in 30 healthy male subjects who ate a controlled-saturated-fatty-acid (baseline) diet for 3 wk and then...
Effects of diets high in saturated fatty acids, canola oil, or safflower oil on platelet function, thromboxane B2 formation, and fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids.
Platelet function and fatty acid composition were investigated in 30 healthy male subjects who ate a controlled-saturated-fatty-acid (baseline) diet for 3 wk and then consumed either safflower oil or canola oil as a major fat source for 8 wk. Fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids reflected changes in dietary fatty acid composition. Compared with baseline a 35% decrease (P less than 0.05) in arachidonic acid was observed in platelet phospholipids of the canola-oil diet group while long chain n-3 fatty acids rose 7-26% (P greater than 0.05). Compared with baseline both unsaturated-fatty-acid diets reduced platelet aggregation at 3 wk of oil-based diet feeding (P less than 0.01) whereas only canola oil influenced platelet function (lowered ATP secretion) at 8 wk (P less than 0.01). No significant difference was observed in thromboxane B2 concentrations between oil-treatment groups at 8 wk. Both oil-based diets had short-term beneficial effects on platelet function but the effect of canola oil persisted longer.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Arachidonic Acid; Arachidonic Acids; Blood Platelets; Collagen; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Humans; Linolenic Acids; Male; Middle Aged; Oleic Acid; Oleic Acids; Phospholipids; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Rapeseed Oil; Safflower Oil; Thromboxane B2; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 1677525
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/54.2.351 -
Appetite Dec 2001The effects of carbohydrate and fat on satiety have been examined primarily through meal composition studies. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of...
The effects of carbohydrate and fat on satiety have been examined primarily through meal composition studies. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of pure sucrose and safflower oil, isovolumetric beverage preloads, on appetite (measured every 15 minutes by visual analogue scales) and food intake 60 minutes later. Young men consumed 0, 418, 836 and 1254 kJ of sucrose in the first two experiments and these same doses of safflower oil in the third. Finally, the largest doses of sucrose and safflower oil were compared. Sucrose, but not safflower oil, suppressed average appetite compared with control. In experiment 2, food intake was reduced (p<0.05) by 518 kJ after the 418 and 836 kJ preloads and by 1129 kJ after the 1254 kJ sucrose preload. Only the 1254 kJ dose of safflower oil significantly suppressed food intake by 480 kJ in the third experiment. When the 1254 kJ doses were compared directly, sucrose suppressed food intake by 653 kJ compared with control where as safflower oil did not. It is concluded that, in the short-term, sucrose produces a dose dependent reduction in appetite and food intake that is greater than that produced by safflower oil.
Topics: Adult; Appetite; Body Mass Index; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eating; Humans; Male; Safflower Oil; Satiation; Sucrose
PubMed: 11895319
DOI: 10.1006/appe.2001.0425 -
Indian Pediatrics Oct 2005To study the transcutaneous absorption of traditionally massaged oil in newborns and to specifically compare the effects of (i) essential fatty acid (EFA) rich -... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To study the transcutaneous absorption of traditionally massaged oil in newborns and to specifically compare the effects of (i) essential fatty acid (EFA) rich - safflower oil and (ii) saturated fat rich coconut oil, on fatty acid profiles of massaged babies.
DESIGN
A short term randomised controlled study.
SETTING
Tertiary care NICU of a large teaching hospital and a research laboratory of a University complex.
METHODS
120 study babies were randomly assigned to three oil groups (i) safflower oil (n = 40) (ii) coconut oil (n = 40) and (iii) no oil controls (n = 40). In each group, babies were selected in three subsets as per their gestational ages viz (a) less than 34 weeks, (b) 34-37 weeks, (c) greater than 37 weeks. 5 mL of the designated oil was massaged four times a day for five days under controlled conditions of temperature and feeding. Pre and post oil massage samples of blood were analysed for triglycerides and fatty acid profiles using gas chromatography.
RESULTS
Post oil triglyceride values were significantly raised in both the oil groups and also in controls. However, the quantum of rise was significantly higher in oil groups as compared to controls. Fatty acid profiles (gas chromatography) showed significant rise in EFAs (linolenic acid and arachidonic acid) in safflower oil group and saturated fats in coconut oil group. Changes were more evident in term babies. There were no side effects associated with the massage.
CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that topically applied oil can be absorbed in neonates and is probably available for nutritional purposes. The fatty acid constituents of the oil can influence the changes in the fatty acid profiles of the massaged babies.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Essential; Female; Humans; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Male; Massage; Plant Oils; Safflower Oil; Skin Absorption
PubMed: 16269830
DOI: No ID Found -
Biological Trace Element Research Jun 1995The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc deficiency on fatty acid desaturation in rats fed two different types of dietary fat, a mixture of...
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc deficiency on fatty acid desaturation in rats fed two different types of dietary fat, a mixture of coconut oil and safflower oil (7:1, w/w, "coconut oil diet") or linseed oil ("linseed oil diet"). In order to ensure an adequate food intake, all rats were force-fed by gastric tube. Zinc deficiency caused statistical significant reduction of delta 9-desaturase activity in liver microsomes of rats fed coconut oil diet and tendencial reduction (p < 0.15) in rats fed linseed oil diet compared with control rats fed diets with the same type of fat. In agreement with this effect, zinc deficiency in the rats fed both types of dietary fat increased the ratio between total saturated and total monounsaturated fatty in liver phospholipids and liver microsomes. Zinc deficient rats on the coconut oil diet had unchanged delta 6-desaturase activity with linoleic acid as substrate and lowered activity with alpha-linolenic acid as substrate. In contrast, zinc deficient rats on the linseed oil diet had increased delta 6-desaturase activity with linoleic acid as substrate and unchanged activity with alpha-linolenic acid. Because linoleic acid is the main substrate for delta 6-desaturase in the rats fed coconut oil diet, and alpha-linolenic acid is the main substrate in the rats fed linseed oil diet, it is concluded that in vivo delta 6-desaturation was not changed by zinc deficiency in the rats fed both types of dietary fat. Activity of delta 5-desaturase was also not changed by zinc deficiency in the rats fed both dietary fats. Levels of fatty acids in liver phospholipids and microsomes derived by delta 4-, delta 5-, and delta 6-desaturation were not consistently changed by zinc deficiency in the rats fed both types of dietary fat. Thus, the enzyme studies and also fatty acid composition data of liver phospholipids and microsomes indicate that zinc deficiency does not considerably disturb desaturation of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid. Therefore, it is suggested that similarities between deficiencies of zinc and essential fatty acids described in literature are not due to disturbed desaturation of linoleic acid in zinc deficiency. The present study also indicates that zinc deficiency enhances incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid into phosphatidylcholine of rats fed diets with large amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Coconut Oil; Diet; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acid Desaturases; Fatty Acids; Linseed Oil; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Plant Oils; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Safflower Oil; Weight Gain; Zinc
PubMed: 9398942
DOI: 10.1007/BF02789404 -
Pharmacological Research May 2011Fish oil has been used to alleviate pain associated with inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. The anti-inflammatory property of fish oil is attributed...
Fish oil has been used to alleviate pain associated with inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. The anti-inflammatory property of fish oil is attributed to the n-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Contrarily, vegetable oils such as safflower oil are rich in n-6 fatty acids which are considered to be mediators of inflammation. This study investigates the effect of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids rich oils as dietary supplements on the thermally induced pain sensitivity in healthy mice. C57Bl/6J mice were fed diet containing regular fish oil, concentrated fish oil formulation (CFO) and safflower oil (SO) for 6 months. Pain sensitivity was measured by Plantar test and was correlated to the expression of acid sensing ion channels (ASICs), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and c-fos in dorsal root ganglion cells. Significant delay in sensitivity to thermal nociception was observed in mice fed CFO compared to mice fed SO (p<0.05). A significant diminution in expression of ion channels such as ASIC1a (64%), ASIC13 (37%) and TRPV1 (56%) coupled with reduced expression of c-fos, a marker of neuronal activation, was observed in the dorsal root ganglion cells of mice fed CFO compared to that fed SO. In conclusion, we describe here the potential of fish oil supplement in reducing sensitivity to thermal nociception in normal mice.
Topics: Animals; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Omega-6; Female; Fish Oils; Ganglia, Spinal; Immunochemistry; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pain; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Safflower Oil; Temperature
PubMed: 21345372
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.02.004 -
Journal of Food Science May 2018Previous studies demonstrate humans can detect fatty acids via specialized sensors on the tongue, such as the CD36 receptor. Genetic variation at the common single...
Previous studies demonstrate humans can detect fatty acids via specialized sensors on the tongue, such as the CD36 receptor. Genetic variation at the common single nucleotide polymorphism rs1761667 of CD36 has been shown to differentially impact the perception of fatty acids, but comparative data among different ethnic groups are lacking. In a small cohort of Caucasian and East Asian young adults, we investigated if: (1) participants could detect oleic acid (C18:1) added to safflower oil emulsions at a constant ratio of 3% (w/v); (2) supplementation of oleic acid to safflower oil emulsions enhanced perception of fattiness and creaminess; and (3) variation at rs1761667 influenced oleic acid detection and fat taste perception. In a 3-alternate forced choice test, 62% of participants detected 2.9 ± 0.7 mM oleic acid (or 0.08% w/v) in a 2.8% safflower oil emulsion. Supplementation of oleic acid did not enhance fattiness and creaminess perception for the cohort as a whole, though East Asians carrying the GG genotype perceived more overall fattiness and creaminess than their AA genotype counterparts (P < 0.001). No differences were observed for the Caucasians. These preliminary findings indicate that free oleic acid can be detected in an oil-in-water emulsion at concentrations found in commercial oils, but it does not increase fattiness or creaminess perception. Additionally, variation at rs1761667 may have ethnic-specific effects on fat taste perception.
Topics: Adult; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; CD36 Antigens; Emulsions; Ethnicity; Female; Food Additives; Gene Frequency; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Oleic Acid; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Safflower Oil; Taste; Taste Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 29660814
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14115 -
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Sep 2012We have investigated whether altered hepatic mitochondrial energetics could explain the differential effects of high-fat diets with low or high ω6 polyunsaturated fatty...
We have investigated whether altered hepatic mitochondrial energetics could explain the differential effects of high-fat diets with low or high ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid content (lard vs. safflower oil) on the efficiency of body fat recovery (catch-up fat) during refeeding after caloric restriction. After 2 weeks of caloric restriction, rats were isocalorically refed with a low-fat diet (LF) or high-fat diets made from either lard or safflower oil for 1 week, and energy balance and body composition changes were assessed. Hepatic mitochondrial energetics were determined from measurements of liver mitochondrial mass, respiratory capacities, and proton leak. Compared to rats refed the LF, the groups refed high-fat diets showed lower energy expenditure and increased efficiency of fat gain; these differences were less marked with high-safflower oil than with high-lard diet. The increase in efficiency of catch-up fat by the high-fat diets could not be attributed to differences in liver mitochondrial activity. By contrast, the lower fat gain with high-safflower oil than with high-lard diet is accompanied by higher mitochondrial proton leak and increased proportion of arachidonic acid in mitochondrial membranes. In conclusion, the higher efficiency for catch-up fat on high-lard diet than on LF cannot be explained by altered hepatic mitochondrial energetics. By contrast, the ability of the high-safflower oil diet to produce a less pronounced increase in the efficiency of catch-up fat may partly reside in increased incorporation of arachidonic acid in hepatic mitochondrial membranes, leading to enhanced proton leak and mitochondrial uncoupling.
Topics: Aconitate Hydratase; Animals; Body Composition; Caloric Restriction; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Fats; Energy Metabolism; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Mitochondria, Liver; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Safflower Oil; Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxide Dismutase-1
PubMed: 21720434
DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.167 -
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine... 2009An experiment was performed to determine whether boron deprivation would adversely affect vertebra (trabecular) bone microarchitecture, and whether any adverse effect...
An experiment was performed to determine whether boron deprivation would adversely affect vertebra (trabecular) bone microarchitecture, and whether any adverse effect would be modified by dietary fatty acid composition. Female rats were fed diets containing 0.1mg (9 micromol) boron/kg in a factorial arrangement with variables of supplemental boron at 0 (boron-deprived) or 3 (boron-adequate) mg (278 micromol)/kg and fat sources of 75 g safflower oil/kg or 65 g fish (menhaden)oil/kg plus 10 g linoleic acid/kg. After 6 weeks, six females per treatment were bred. Dams and pups continued on their respective diets through gestation, lactation, and after weaning. At age 21 weeks, the microarchitecture of the fourth lumbar vertebrae from 12 randomly selected pups from each treatment was determined by microcomputed tomography. Boron deprivation decreased bone volume fraction and increased trabecular separation and structural model index. Boron deprivation decreased trabecular thickness when the dietary oil was safflower. A three-point bending test for bone strength found that boron deprivation decreased the maximum force needed to break the femur. Feeding fish oil instead of safflower oil decreased connectivity density in vertebrae of boron-deficient but not in boron-adequate rats. Fish oil instead of safflower oil increased the maximum force to break and the bending moment of the femur, especially in rats fed adequate boron. The findings confirm that boron and fish oil are beneficial to cortical bone strength, and show that nutritional intakes of boron are beneficial for trabecular bone microarchitecture and influence the beneficial effects of fish oil on bone.
Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bone and Bones; Boron; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Female; Femur; Fish Oils; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Safflower Oil; Tibia; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 19486829
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2009.03.003 -
Annals of Surgery Mar 1980The safety and effectiveness of a 10% safflower oil emulsion in treating or preventing essential fatty acid deficiency was tested in a prospective study of 15 surgical...
The safety and effectiveness of a 10% safflower oil emulsion in treating or preventing essential fatty acid deficiency was tested in a prospective study of 15 surgical patients requiring total parenteral nutrition for two to four weeks. Three dosage regimens were evaluated including: Group I: 4% of calories as linoleate daily (five patients), Group II: 4% of calories as linoleate every other day (two patients), and Group III: 8% of calories every other day (eight patients). Patients were monitored for laboratory changes from baseline specifically in those areas where previous fat emulsions have caused serious deviations. No significant changes were noted in hematologic parameters, coagulation studies, cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels. Although there were sporadic mild deviations in liver function changes in several patients, no clinically significant adverse effects could be directly attributed to infusion of the fat emulsion. Three patients had baseline triene/tetraene ratios of 0.4 or greater, indicative of essential fatty/acid deficiency, and these ratios dropped to less than 0.4 within eight days of beginning therapy with the parenteral fat emulsion. The remaining 12 patients maintained a normal triene/tetraene ratio of less than 0.4 throughout the 28 day study period. All three dosage regimens were considered effective for treatment and prevention of essential fatty acid deficiency.
Topics: Cholesterol; Energy Intake; Fatty Acids, Essential; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Oils; Parenteral Nutrition; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Postoperative Care; Safflower Oil; Triglycerides
PubMed: 6767452
DOI: 10.1097/00000658-198003000-00009 -
Transplantation Proceedings Mar 2018Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical syndrome that results from the abrupt loss of liver function in a patient without previous liver disease. The most frequent... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical syndrome that results from the abrupt loss of liver function in a patient without previous liver disease. The most frequent causes are viral hepatitis, drug induced, and autoimmune disease, but in 20% of cases no cause is identified. Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) oil is used as a dietary supplement for weight loss and antioxidant. There are 4 cases described in the literature of ALF induced by the use of this substance. The objective of this study was to report 3 cases of ALF treated at the Clinical Hospital of the State University of Campinas that suggest the use of C tinctorius oil as a probable etiologic factor.
CASE REPORTS
The 3 patients had a diagnosis of ALF according to the King's College criteria. All had a history of ingestion of this oil for weight loss. During etiologic evaluation, viral hepatitis, autoimmune diseases, or any other drug cause were excluded, thus pointing to C tinctorius oil as the triggering factor. All 3 patients underwent liver transplantation: 2 had good postoperative evolution, and 1 died 12 days after the procedure.
CONCLUSIONS
Two cases are described in which the hepatic insufficiency induced by C tinctorius oil was successfully treated through liver transplantation. This highlights the risk of misuse of this substance for weight loss.
Topics: Adult; Carthamus tinctorius; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Liver Failure, Acute; Liver Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Safflower Oil
PubMed: 29579831
DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.01.010