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Natural Product Research 2015The aim of this study was to determine in vitro synergistic efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), oleic acid (OLA), safflower oil and taxol (Tax) cytotoxicity on...
The aim of this study was to determine in vitro synergistic efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), oleic acid (OLA), safflower oil and taxol (Tax) cytotoxicity on human prostate cancer (PC3) cell line. To determine synergistic efficacy of oil combinations, PC3 treated with different doses of compounds alone and combined with 10 μg/mL Tax. The MTT results indicated that OLA-Tax combinations exhibited cytotoxicity against PC3 at doses of 30 nM+10 μg-Tax, 15 nM+5 μg-Tax and 7.5 nM+2.5 μg-Tax. The treatment of OLA or Tax did not show significant inhibition on PC3, while OLA-Tax combinations showed effective cytotoxicity at treated doses. CLA-Tax combinations demonstrated the same effect on PC3 as combined form with 45.72% versus the alone form as 74.51% viability. Cytotoxic synergy between Tax, OLA and CLA shows enhanced cytotoxicity on PC3 which might be used in the therapy of prostate cancer.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Synergism; Humans; Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; Male; Oleic Acid; Paclitaxel; Prostatic Neoplasms; Safflower Oil
PubMed: 25134457
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.945172 -
Comparative Biochemistry and... Oct 1998Diets high in linoleic acid (20% safflower oil contained 77.3% linoleic acid, SO-diet) and alpha-linolenic acid (20% perilla oil contained 58.4% alpha-linolenic acid,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Diets high in linoleic acid (20% safflower oil contained 77.3% linoleic acid, SO-diet) and alpha-linolenic acid (20% perilla oil contained 58.4% alpha-linolenic acid, PO-diet) were fed to rats for 3, 7, 20, and 50 days, and effects of the diets on lipid metabolism were compared. Levels of serum total cholesterol and phospholipids in the rats fed the PO-diet were markedly lower than those fed the SO-diet after the seventh day. In serum and hepatic phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, the proportion of n-3 fatty acids showed a greater increase in the PO group than in the SO group in the respective feeding-term. At the third and seventh days after the commencement of feeding the experimental diets, expressions of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase mRNA were significantly higher in the SO group than those in the PO group, although the difference was not observed in the longer term. There were no significant differences in the LDL receptor mRNA levels between the two groups through the experimental term, except 3-days feeding. These results indicate that alpha-linolenic acid has a more potent serum cholesterol-lowering ability than linoleic acid both in short and long feeding-terms.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cholesterol; Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase; DNA, Complementary; Gene Expression; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Liver; Male; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Plant Oils; RNA, Messenger; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, LDL; Safflower Oil; Time Factors; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 9972297
DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(98)10092-5 -
The Journal of Nutrition Dec 1979Diets containing relatively homogeneous triglycerides composed of 18-carbon chain saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids were fed to rats. Cholesterol...
Diets containing relatively homogeneous triglycerides composed of 18-carbon chain saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids were fed to rats. Cholesterol absorption and turnover were studied. Cholesterol absorption was significantly less in rats fed tristearin than in animals fed triolein or safflower oil. Cholesterol removal from plasma was fastest in rats fed tristearin and slowest with safflower oil and triolein. Plasma cholesterol levels were lowest with tristearin and highest with safflower oil. Increased cholesterol in high density lipoproteins was observed with tristearin and triolein. Lymph and hepatic cholesterol, and lymph triglycerides were highest with safflower oil, suggesting endogenous mobilization. Cholesterol production was least with triolein. Sterol synthesis was greatest with tristearin, perhaps attributable to decreased negative feedback analogous to effects of cholestyramine. Differences in lipoprotein composition observed with the various diets are important since effects on particle size and shape may influence removal mechanisms. The mechanisms underlying the different effects of dietary triglycerides on sterol absorption and metabolism remain to be elucidated.
Topics: Animals; Cholesterol; Dietary Fats; Kinetics; Lipoproteins; Liver; Lymph; Male; Oils; Rats; Safflower Oil; Stearates; Stearic Acids; Structure-Activity Relationship; Triglycerides; Triolein
PubMed: 512710
DOI: 10.1093/jn/109.12.2226 -
The American Journal of Physiology Jul 1992Effects of fish oil feeding on glucose transport systems and cell size in rat adipocytes were examined and compared with those of safflower oil or carbohydrate feeding...
Effects of fish oil feeding on glucose transport systems and cell size in rat adipocytes were examined and compared with those of safflower oil or carbohydrate feeding under isoenergy intake conditions. Glucose transport activity was assessed by measuring 3-O-methyl-D-glucose transport. The concentration of erythrocyte type glucose transporter (GLUT-1) and muscle/fat type transporter (GLUT-4) was measured by immunoblotting. The amount of each transporter in intact cells was estimated by the amount of transporter and protein of each membrane fraction and by the recovery of marker enzymes. In cells from safflower-fed rats compared with those from carbohydrate-fed rats, insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity per cell decreased to 51% after a 1-wk feeding, and cell size increase became larger with these effects and continued for at least 4 wk. At 1 wk of feeding, GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 per cell in plasma membrane from insulin-treated cells decreased to 62 and 35%, respectively, with concomitant transporter decreases in the low-density microsome fraction. In cells from high-fish oil-fed rats in which two-thirds of safflower oil was replaced by fish oil, when compared with those from safflower oil-fed rats, insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity increased 1.7-fold after 1 wk of feeding with concomitant cellular GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 increases, but its effect declined thereafter. Parallel with this time course, cell size increase was smaller after 1 wk, but this effect also declined thereafter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Fish Oils; Galactosyltransferases; Male; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Safflower Oil; Subcellular Fractions; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 1636703
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1992.263.1.E94 -
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and... Jan 2018Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have important signalling roles in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that regulates whole-body energy homeostasis. While...
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have important signalling roles in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that regulates whole-body energy homeostasis. While evidence suggests that high PUFA intake can impact hypothalamic activity, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulated by essential dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFA (i.e., linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, respectively) remain poorly described in this brain region. To differentiate the roles of essential dietary PUFA on hypothalamic function, we fed male rats high-fat diets (35% kcal/d) containing either safflower (linoleic acid) or flaxseed (α-linolenic acid) oil for 2 months. Control rats were fed a low-fat (16% kcal/d) diet containing soybean oil. Hypothalamic fatty acids and gene expression were investigated by gas chromatography and microarray, respectively. Safflower-fed rats had higher total n-6 PUFA content due to increases in linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and osbond acid compared to the other diet groups, while flaxseed-fed rats had higher total n-3 content due to increases in α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Safflower-fed rats showed augmented expression of genes related to hypothalamic insulin signalling compared to controls. This was mirrored by significant increases in phosphorylated AKT and AKT levels; indicative of increased PI(3)K/AKT pathway activity. These changes were not observed in the hypothalamus of flaxseed-fed rats. Our findings provide new molecular insights into how essential fatty acids influence the hypothalamus and, potentially, whole-body energy homeostasis. This work also provides new knowledge to better understand the impact of essential fatty acids on metabolic and behavioral phenotypes.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Omega-6; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypothalamus; Insulin; Linseed Oil; Male; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Safflower Oil
PubMed: 29413363
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.12.002 -
Nutrition, Metabolism, and... Jun 2001Polyunsaturated fats are more susceptible to oxidation during heating than monounsaturated fats but their effects on endothelial function when heated are unknown. The... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Polyunsaturated fats are more susceptible to oxidation during heating than monounsaturated fats but their effects on endothelial function when heated are unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of meals rich in heat-modified safflower and olive oils on postprandial flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) in healthy men.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Flow-mediated EDD and glyceryltrinitrate-induced endothelium-independent dilation of the brachial artery were investigated in 14 subjects before and 4 hours after meals rich in olive oil and safflower oil used hourly for deep-frying for 8 hours in a double-blind crossover study design. There were high levels of lipid oxidation products (peroxides and carbonyls) in both heated oils. Plasma triglycerides were markedly increased at 4 hours after heated olive oil (1.26 +/- 0.43 vs 2.06 +/- 0.97 mmol/L) and heated safflower oil (1.44 +/- 0.63 vs 1.99 +/- 0.88 mmol/L). There was no change in EDD between fasting and postprandial studies and the response during the postprandial period was not significantly (p = 0.51) different between the meals (heated olive oil: 4.9 +/- 2.2% vs 4.9 +/- 2.5%; heated safflower oil: 5.1 +/- 3.1% vs 5.6 +/- 3.4%).
CONCLUSIONS
Meals rich in olive and safflower oils previously used for deep frying and containing high levels of lipid oxidation products increase postprandial serum triglycerides without affecting endothelial function. These findings suggest that relatively short-term use of these vegetable oils for frying may not adversely affect postprandial endothelial function when foods containing the heat-modified oils are consumed.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Brachial Artery; Cholesterol, HDL; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Double-Blind Method; Endothelium, Vascular; Heart Rate; Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Olive Oil; Plant Oils; Postprandial Period; Safflower Oil; Triglycerides
PubMed: 11590989
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Aug 1989These studies were undertaken to examine the effect of fish oil, safflower oil, and hydrogenated coconut oil on the major processes that determine the concentration of...
These studies were undertaken to examine the effect of fish oil, safflower oil, and hydrogenated coconut oil on the major processes that determine the concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in plasma, i.e., the rate of LDL production and the rates of receptor-dependent and receptor-independent LDL uptake in the various organs of the body. When fed at the 20% level, fish oil reduced plasma LDL-cholesterol levels by 38% primarily by increasing LDL receptor activity in the liver. Dietary safflower oil also increased hepatic LDL receptor activity; however, since the rate of LDL production also increased, plasma LDL-cholesterol levels remained essentially unchanged. Hydrogenated coconut oil had no effect on LDL receptor activity but increased the rate of LDL-cholesterol production causing plasma LDL-cholesterol levels to increase 46%. Dietary fish oil had no effect on the receptor-dependent transport of asialofetuin by the liver, suggesting that the effect of fish oil on hepatic LDL receptor activity was specific and not due to a generalized alteration in the physical properties of hepatic membranes. Finally, dietary fish oil increased hepatic cholesteryl ester levels and suppressed hepatic cholesterol synthesis rates, suggesting that the up-regulation of hepatic LDL receptor activity in these animals was not simply a response to diminished cholesterol availability in the liver.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Dietary Fats; Female; Fish Oils; Lipoproteins, LDL; Liver; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, LDL; Safflower Oil; Stimulation, Chemical; Triglycerides
PubMed: 2760200
DOI: 10.1172/JCI114195 -
The Journal of Nutrition Nov 1990The effects on body fat accumulation of long-term feeding of high fat diets of differing fatty acid composition were studied in rats. The rats were meal-fed isoenergetic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The effects on body fat accumulation of long-term feeding of high fat diets of differing fatty acid composition were studied in rats. The rats were meal-fed isoenergetic diets based on safflower oil or beef tallow for 4 mo. Each diet was freshly prepared every day throughout the experimental period. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production for 6 h after meals were measured between the 50th and 54th d of the experimental period. Oxygen consumption for 3 h after meals was significantly greater in the safflower oil diet group than in the beef tallow diet group, indicating greater diet-induced thermogenesis in the former group. From the assessment of respiratory quotient, the fat oxidation rate was also higher in the former. After the experimental period (4 mo), body fat accumulation was significantly less in the rats fed safflower oil. This difference was, at least in part, ascribed to increased diet-induced thermogenesis and fat oxidation. Serum triacylglycerol level was markedly lower in the rats fed safflower oil than in those fed beef tallow. The lipoprotein lipase activities in heart and soleus muscle after meals appeared to be higher in the former than in the latter. These results suggest that the consumption of the safflower oil diet increased lipoprotein lipase activity in heart and skeletal muscle, resulting in the elevation of fat oxidation rate and the depression of serum triacylglycerol level.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cattle; Dietary Fats; Heart; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Respiration; Safflower Oil
PubMed: 2231019
DOI: 10.1093/jn/120.11.1291 -
Biological Trace Element Research Mar 2004Diets with a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (i.e., linoleic acid) have decreased iron absorption and utilization compared with diets containing a...
Iron utilization and liver mineral concentrations in rats fed safflower oil, flaxseed oil, olive oil, or beef tallow in combination with different concentrations of dietary iron.
Diets with a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (i.e., linoleic acid) have decreased iron absorption and utilization compared with diets containing a higher proportion of the saturated fatty acid stearic acid (e.g., beef tallow). However, less is known regarding the influence of other polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fatty acids, along with higher dietary iron, on iron absorption and utilization. The present study was conducted to compare the effects of dietary fat sources known to vary in (n-3), (n-6), and (n-9) fatty acids on iron utilization and liver mineral concentrations. Male weanling rats were fed a diet containing 10, 35, or 100 microg/g iron in combination with safflower oil, flaxseed oil, olive oil, or beef tallow for 8 wk. Indicators of iron status, iron utilization, and liver iron concentrations were unaffected by an interaction between the fat source and iron concentration. Plasma copper was the only variable affected by an interaction between the fat source and dietary iron. Findings of this study demonstrate that flaxseed oil and olive oil may alter tissue minerals and affect iron utilization. Further studies should be conducted to establish the effect of varying (n-3), (n-6), and (n-9) fatty acids on trace mineral status and iron utilization.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Dietary Fats; Fats; Iron, Dietary; Linseed Oil; Liver; Male; Minerals; Olive Oil; Organ Size; Plant Oils; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Safflower Oil; Trace Elements; Weight Gain
PubMed: 14997026
DOI: 10.1385/BTER:97:3:265 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Dec 1981The prevention of essential fatty acid deficiency and the provision of adequate amounts of energy are two major concerns in total parenteral nutrition. Since earlier...
The prevention of essential fatty acid deficiency and the provision of adequate amounts of energy are two major concerns in total parenteral nutrition. Since earlier preparations of fat emulsion used to supplement the usual regimen of hypertonic glucose and amino acids have widely varying clinical acceptability, a new product, a safflower oil emulsion available in two concentrations (Liposyn), was evaluated. In four clinical trials the emulsion was used as a supplement to total parenteral nutrition. In five surgical patients 500 ml of the 10% emulsion infused every third day prevented or corrected essential fatty acid deficiency; however, in some cases in infusion every other day may be necessary. In 40 patients in severe catabolic states the emulsion provided 30% to 50% of the energy required daily: 10 patients received the 10% emulsion for 14 to 42 days, 9 patients received each emulsion in turn for 7 days, and 21 patient received the 20% emulsion for 14 to 28 days. All the patients survived and tolerated the lipid well; no adverse clinical effects were attributable to the lipid infusions. Transient mild, apparently clinically insignificant abnormalities in the results of one or more liver function tests and eosinophilia were observed in some patients. Thus, the safflower oil emulsion, at both concentrations, was safe and effective as a source of 30% to 50% of the energy required daily by seriously ill patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Drug Evaluation; Energy Metabolism; Eosinophilia; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Fatty Acids, Essential; Female; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Male; Middle Aged; Oils; Parenteral Nutrition; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Safflower Oil
PubMed: 6799182
DOI: No ID Found