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Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023In June 2021, a national incident team was formed due to an increased detection of in samples from hospitalised infants. has been known to cause outbreaks in neonatal... (Review)
Review
In June 2021, a national incident team was formed due to an increased detection of in samples from hospitalised infants. has been known to cause outbreaks in neonatal units across the globe, but the extent of the UK spread was unclear. A literature review was undertaken to support case identification, clinical management and environmental infection control. A literature search was undertaken on multiple databases from inception to 24 May 2021, using keywords such as "", "NRCS-A", "", "neonate", "newborn" and "neonatal intensive care unit" (NICU). After screening, 223 articles of relevance were included. Results show incidences of outbreaks have frequently been associated with the outbreak clone (NRCS-A) and environmental sources. The NRCS-A harbours a multidrug resistance profile that includes resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides, with several papers noting resistance or heteroresistance to vancomycin. The NRCS-A clone also harbours a novel composite island and increased vancomycin resistance. The NRCS-A clone has been detected for decades, but the reasons for the potentially increased frequency are unclear, as are the most effective interventions to manage outbreaks associated with this clone. This supports the need for improvements in environmental control and decontamination strategies to prevent transmission.
PubMed: 37107031
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040669 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Sep 2019In neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), nosocomial late-onset sepsis (LOS), mostly due to coagulase negative staphylococci, constitute a major cause of death or... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), nosocomial late-onset sepsis (LOS), mostly due to coagulase negative staphylococci, constitute a major cause of death or impairment. Staphylococcus capitis, usually considered as a poorly virulent species, has been reported as a cause of LOS.
OBJECTIVES
To review data regarding S. capitis neonatal LOS and the features of isolates involved.
SOURCES
PubMed was searched up to August 2018 to retrieve studies on the topic; the keywords used were 'S. capitis', 'neonate', 'neonatal ICU', 'bloodstream infection' and 'late onset sepsis'.
CONTENT
Published data highlight the worldwide endemicity of a single S. capitis clone, named NRCS-A, specifically involved in LOS. NRCS-A harbours a multidrug resistance profile (including resistance to the usual first-line antibiotics used in NICUs). It is also able to adapt under vancomycin selective pressure that could confer an advantage for its implantation and dissemination in NICUs where this selective pressure is high. Moreover, a severe morbidity has been observed in NRCS-A-related LOS. The NICU environment, and especially incubators, constitute reservoirs of NRCS-A from which it could diffuse inside the setting. Finally, the virulome and resistome of S. capitis NRCS-A contain many genes potentially implicated in its specific epidemiology and pathophysiology, including the gene nsr that may be involved in its fitness and implantation in neonatal gut flora.
IMPLICATIONS
S. capitis must be considered as a true pathogen in neonates. The decreased susceptibility to vancomycin may be involved in failure of vancomycin therapy. Further studies are needed to better manage its diffusion inside each NICU but also worldwide.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus capitis; Vancomycin; Virulence
PubMed: 30928561
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.03.009 -
Infectious Diseases Now May 2022
Topics: Humans; Linezolid; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus capitis
PubMed: 34757234
DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2021.10.006 -
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology Oct 2018Coagulase-negative staphylococcus organisms may be normal flora of human skin, however these bacteria can also be pathogens in skin and soft tissue infections. A summary... (Review)
Review
Coagulase-negative staphylococcus organisms may be normal flora of human skin, however these bacteria can also be pathogens in skin and soft tissue infections. A summary of skin and soft tissue infections caused by coagulase-negative staphylococcus species is provided in this review. We conducted a search of the PubMed database using the following terms: abscess, auricularis, biofilm, capitis, cellulitis, coagulase, contaminant, cyst, draining, epidermidis, felon, folliculitis, furuncle, haemolyticus, hominis, indolent, infection, lugdunensis, mecA, microbiome, negative, osteomyelitis, paronychia, saprophyticus, skin, simulans, sinus, soft, staphylococcus, systemic, tissue, virulence, virulent, and vulvar. The relevant papers, and their references, generated by the search were reviewed. Skin and soft tissue infections have been observed to be caused by many coagulase-negative staphylococcus organisms: Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Staphylococcus simulans. Coagulase-negative staphylococcus skin infections predominantly present as abscesses and paronychia. They are most common in elderly patients or those individuals who are immunosuppressed, and tend to be broadly susceptible to antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, albeit less common, coagulase-negative staphylococcus organisms can result in skin and soft tissue infections, particularly in older and/or immunocompromised individuals. A review of the literature found that coagulase-negative staphylococcus organisms are most commonly grown in cultures of abscesses and paronychia. Therefore, coagulase-negative staphylococcal organisms should not always be considered as contaminants or normal flora, but rather as causative pathogens. They are usually susceptible to antibiotics used to treat methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.
Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Coagulase; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Paronychia; Soft Tissue Infections; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Staphylococcus; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29882122
DOI: 10.1007/s40257-018-0362-9 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Nov 2020Staphylococcus capitis (S. capitis) is a subtype of coagulase-negative staphylococci and a commensal of the skin of the human scalp and forehead. S. capitis has been... (Review)
Review
Surgical management of Staphylococcus capitis prosthetic valve infective endocarditis: Retrospective review of a 10-year single center experience and review of the literature.
BACKGROUND
Staphylococcus capitis (S. capitis) is a subtype of coagulase-negative staphylococci and a commensal of the skin of the human scalp and forehead. S. capitis has been occasionally reported in infective endocarditis and rarely in prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). The purpose of this report is to present the clinical course and the surgical management of a series of four patients with S. capitis PVE.
METHODS
The medical records of 190 adult patients with a definite diagnosis of infective endocarditis by the Duke modified criteria and who underwent surgery at our center between January 2008 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.
RESULTS
There were four cases of S. capitis infective endocarditis among 190 patients. All were male with an average age of 70.25 years (range, 58-80 years). The four cases were PVE: 3 aortic (1 mechanical and 2 biological bioprostheses) and 1 mitral (bioprosthesis). Their mean Euroscore II was 32.43 (range, 9.19-50.8). Three patients had underlying diseases (diabetes mellitus=2, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease=3, chronic kidney disease=1, peripheral arterial disease=2, ischemic heart disease=1, dilated cardiomyopathy=1). Preoperative clinical presentation was characterized by the occurrence of sepsis in three patients and heart failure and sepsis in one patient. Two patients presented with vegetation (mitral bioprosthesis, aortic bioprosthesis). A prosthetic dehiscence was present in all patients, and two presented with a localized annular abscess. All but one patient received triple antibiotic treatment with vancomycin plus rifampicin plus gentamycin. Surgery was performed on an urgent basis in all patients, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 50%.
CONCLUSIONS
While limited by the small number of patients, our series highlights the aggressive clinical course of S. capitis PVE with a mortality rate close to that of Staphylococcus aureus PVE. Therefore, early surgical management is recommended to improve the clinical outcome of this serious disease.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus capitis
PubMed: 33055006
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.09.010 -
Cardiology Research Jun 2021Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare but serious disease. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are among the least prevalent causes of IE. , a species of CoNS,... (Review)
Review
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare but serious disease. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are among the least prevalent causes of IE. , a species of CoNS, although described in the literature before has only been seen in a few cases. Even with such few cases, complications and mortality have still been demonstrated. In our review, we look at the epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and literature prevalence of CoNS in native and prosthetic valve IE.
PubMed: 34046106
DOI: 10.14740/cr1231 -
Infection Feb 2020Even though prosthetic valve endocarditis due to coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is widely documented and attracts global attention, native valve endocarditis... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Even though prosthetic valve endocarditis due to coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is widely documented and attracts global attention, native valve endocarditis due to CoNS has been also described lately and may warrant closer attention due to the relative increased incidence.
METHODS
We describe a 35-year-old male patient who is a former resident of a long-term health-care facility with multiple co-morbidities, diagnosed with native aortic valve S. capitis endocarditis and underwent conservative antimicrobial treatment with full recovery and no recurrence after 6 months' follow-up. In addition, we reviewed the English literature on all reported cases of S. capitis endocarditis.
RESULTS
Infective endocarditis due to S. capitis has thus far been described in 13 patients. All but three had involved native valves with two infected prosthetic valves and a single case of infection in an implanted transvenous pacemaker. Although the number of cases of endocarditis due to S. capitis is small, early removal of either a prosthetic valve or infected pacemaker would appear prudent, while native valve endocarditis could successfully be treated with appropriate antimicrobials alone.
CONCLUSIONS
Staphylococcus capitis is classified as coagulase-negative staphylococci with the inherent ability to cause debilitating native valve endocarditis and is usually managed conservatively.
Topics: Adult; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Male; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus capitis
PubMed: 31079347
DOI: 10.1007/s15010-019-01311-8 -
Gut Microbes 2023Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare malignancy with a high prevalence in China. This study aimed to characterize the ICC tissues' bacterial metagenomics...
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare malignancy with a high prevalence in China. This study aimed to characterize the ICC tissues' bacterial metagenomics signature and explore its antitumor potential for cancer. In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing was carried out on 99 tissues to characterize the features of intratumoral microbiota, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and multilevel validation. The presence of microbial DNA in tissues was determined using staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A Gram-positive aerobic bacterium, identified as , was cultured from fresh tissues. Meanwhile, scRNA-seq showed that intratumoral bacteria could be present in multiple cell types. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, we identified a total of 2,320,287 high-quality reads corresponding to 4,594 OTU (operational taxonomic units) sequences. The most abundant bacterial orders include and . Alpha and Beta diversity analysis revealed specific features in different tissues. In addition, the content of was significantly higher in the paracancerous tissues and negatively correlated with CA199 (Carbohydrate antigen199) levels. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that possesses an antitumor activity against tumors. Metabolomics and transcriptomics showed that could inhibit tumor growth through alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. We determined the characteristic profile of the intratumoral microbiota and the antitumor effect of in ICC.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota; Bacteria; Cholangiocarcinoma; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Bile Duct Neoplasms
PubMed: 36563106
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2156255 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022is primarily described as a human skin commensal but is now emergent as an opportunistic pathogen isolated from the bloodstream and prosthetic joint infections, and...
is primarily described as a human skin commensal but is now emergent as an opportunistic pathogen isolated from the bloodstream and prosthetic joint infections, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)-associated sepsis. We used comparative genomic analyses of to provide new insights into commensal scalp isolates from varying skin states (healthy, dandruff lesional, and non-lesional), and to expand our current knowledge of the species populations (scalp isolates, = 59; other skin isolates, = 7; publicly available isolates, = 120). A highly recombinogenic population structure was revealed, with genomes including the presence of a range of previously described staphylococcal virulence factors, cell wall-associated proteins, and two-component systems. Genomic differences between the two described subspecies were explored, which revealed the determinants associated exclusively with each subspecies. The subspecies was distinguished from subspecies based on the differences in antimicrobial resistance genes, β-lactam resistance genes, and β-class phenol soluble modulins and gene clusters linked to biofilm formation and survival on skin. This study will aid further research into the classification of and virulence-linked phylogroups to monitor the spread and evolution of .
PubMed: 36246238
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1005949 -
Microbial Biotechnology Nov 2023Staphylococcus capitis is a member of the human and mammal skin microbiomes and is considered less harmful than Staphylococcus aureus. S. capitis subsp. urealyticus BN2...
Staphylococcus capitis is a member of the human and mammal skin microbiomes and is considered less harmful than Staphylococcus aureus. S. capitis subsp. urealyticus BN2 was isolated from a cat and expressed strong antibacterial activity against a range of Gram-positive species, most notably including S. aureus strains with resistance to methicillin (MRSA) and strains with intermediate resistance to vancomycin (VISA). These latter strains are normally relatively resistant to bacteriocins, due to cell wall and cell membrane modifications. Genomic sequencing showed that the strain harboured at least two complete gene clusters for biosynthesis of antagonistic substances. The complete biosynthetic gene cluster of the well-known lantibiotic gallidermin was encoded on a large plasmid and the mature peptide was present in isopropanol cell extracts. In addition, a chromosomal island contained a novel non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene cluster. Accidental deletion of two NRPS modules and partial purification of the anti-VISA activity showed that this novel bacteriocin represents a complex of differently decorated, non-ribosomal peptides. Additionally, a number of phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) was detected by mass spectrometry of whole cells. Producing these compounds, the strain was able to outcompete several S. aureus strains, including MRSA and VISA, in tube cultures.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus capitis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriocins; Staphylococcal Infections; Peptides; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mammals
PubMed: 37850940
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14356