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International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2019Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are skin commensal bacteria. Besides their role in maintaining homeostasis, CoNS have emerged as major pathogens in nosocomial... (Review)
Review
Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are skin commensal bacteria. Besides their role in maintaining homeostasis, CoNS have emerged as major pathogens in nosocomial settings. Several studies have investigated the molecular basis for this emergence and identified multiple putative virulence factors with regards to pathogenicity. In the last decade, numerous CoNS whole-genome sequences have been released, leading to the identification of numerous putative virulence factors. Koch's postulates and the molecular rendition of these postulates, established by Stanley Falkow in 1988, do not explain the microbial pathogenicity of CoNS. However, whole-genome sequence data has shed new light on CoNS pathogenicity. In this review, we analyzed the contribution of genomics in defining CoNS virulence, focusing on the most frequent and pathogenic CoNS species: , , , and .
Topics: Coagulase; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Humans; Phylogeny; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30862021
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051215 -
Gut Microbes 2023Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare malignancy with a high prevalence in China. This study aimed to characterize the ICC tissues' bacterial metagenomics...
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare malignancy with a high prevalence in China. This study aimed to characterize the ICC tissues' bacterial metagenomics signature and explore its antitumor potential for cancer. In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing was carried out on 99 tissues to characterize the features of intratumoral microbiota, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and multilevel validation. The presence of microbial DNA in tissues was determined using staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A Gram-positive aerobic bacterium, identified as , was cultured from fresh tissues. Meanwhile, scRNA-seq showed that intratumoral bacteria could be present in multiple cell types. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, we identified a total of 2,320,287 high-quality reads corresponding to 4,594 OTU (operational taxonomic units) sequences. The most abundant bacterial orders include and . Alpha and Beta diversity analysis revealed specific features in different tissues. In addition, the content of was significantly higher in the paracancerous tissues and negatively correlated with CA199 (Carbohydrate antigen199) levels. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that possesses an antitumor activity against tumors. Metabolomics and transcriptomics showed that could inhibit tumor growth through alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. We determined the characteristic profile of the intratumoral microbiota and the antitumor effect of in ICC.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota; Bacteria; Cholangiocarcinoma; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Bile Duct Neoplasms
PubMed: 36563106
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2156255 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023In June 2021, a national incident team was formed due to an increased detection of in samples from hospitalised infants. has been known to cause outbreaks in neonatal... (Review)
Review
In June 2021, a national incident team was formed due to an increased detection of in samples from hospitalised infants. has been known to cause outbreaks in neonatal units across the globe, but the extent of the UK spread was unclear. A literature review was undertaken to support case identification, clinical management and environmental infection control. A literature search was undertaken on multiple databases from inception to 24 May 2021, using keywords such as "", "NRCS-A", "", "neonate", "newborn" and "neonatal intensive care unit" (NICU). After screening, 223 articles of relevance were included. Results show incidences of outbreaks have frequently been associated with the outbreak clone (NRCS-A) and environmental sources. The NRCS-A harbours a multidrug resistance profile that includes resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides, with several papers noting resistance or heteroresistance to vancomycin. The NRCS-A clone also harbours a novel composite island and increased vancomycin resistance. The NRCS-A clone has been detected for decades, but the reasons for the potentially increased frequency are unclear, as are the most effective interventions to manage outbreaks associated with this clone. This supports the need for improvements in environmental control and decontamination strategies to prevent transmission.
PubMed: 37107031
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040669 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Apr 2024Pyomyositis is a bacterial infection of striated muscle, usually located to muscles in the extremities or pelvis. We present a microbiologically unique case report of...
Pyomyositis is a bacterial infection of striated muscle, usually located to muscles in the extremities or pelvis. We present a microbiologically unique case report of pyomyositis in the sternocleidomastoid muscle (the first of its kind in Denmark) caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. capitis and possibly Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pyomyositis is very rare but can lead to critical complications such as endocarditis and sepsis. It is therefore important to know the condition when evaluating an infected patient with muscle pain. Treatment consists of antibiotics and - if relevant - surgical abscess drainage.
Topics: Humans; Pyomyositis; Female; Adult; Neck Muscles; Staphylococcal Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Streptococcus pneumoniae
PubMed: 38704724
DOI: 10.61409/V11230750 -
Cardiology Research Jun 2021Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare but serious disease. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are among the least prevalent causes of IE. , a species of CoNS,... (Review)
Review
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare but serious disease. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are among the least prevalent causes of IE. , a species of CoNS, although described in the literature before has only been seen in a few cases. Even with such few cases, complications and mortality have still been demonstrated. In our review, we look at the epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and literature prevalence of CoNS in native and prosthetic valve IE.
PubMed: 34046106
DOI: 10.14740/cr1231 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Sep 2019In neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), nosocomial late-onset sepsis (LOS), mostly due to coagulase negative staphylococci, constitute a major cause of death or... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), nosocomial late-onset sepsis (LOS), mostly due to coagulase negative staphylococci, constitute a major cause of death or impairment. Staphylococcus capitis, usually considered as a poorly virulent species, has been reported as a cause of LOS.
OBJECTIVES
To review data regarding S. capitis neonatal LOS and the features of isolates involved.
SOURCES
PubMed was searched up to August 2018 to retrieve studies on the topic; the keywords used were 'S. capitis', 'neonate', 'neonatal ICU', 'bloodstream infection' and 'late onset sepsis'.
CONTENT
Published data highlight the worldwide endemicity of a single S. capitis clone, named NRCS-A, specifically involved in LOS. NRCS-A harbours a multidrug resistance profile (including resistance to the usual first-line antibiotics used in NICUs). It is also able to adapt under vancomycin selective pressure that could confer an advantage for its implantation and dissemination in NICUs where this selective pressure is high. Moreover, a severe morbidity has been observed in NRCS-A-related LOS. The NICU environment, and especially incubators, constitute reservoirs of NRCS-A from which it could diffuse inside the setting. Finally, the virulome and resistome of S. capitis NRCS-A contain many genes potentially implicated in its specific epidemiology and pathophysiology, including the gene nsr that may be involved in its fitness and implantation in neonatal gut flora.
IMPLICATIONS
S. capitis must be considered as a true pathogen in neonates. The decreased susceptibility to vancomycin may be involved in failure of vancomycin therapy. Further studies are needed to better manage its diffusion inside each NICU but also worldwide.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus capitis; Vancomycin; Virulence
PubMed: 30928561
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.03.009 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023naturally colonizes the human skin but as an opportunistic pathogen, it can also cause biofilm-associated infections and bloodstream infections in newborns. Previously,...
INTRODUCTION
naturally colonizes the human skin but as an opportunistic pathogen, it can also cause biofilm-associated infections and bloodstream infections in newborns. Previously, we found that two strains from the subspecies subsp. produce yellow carotenoids despite the initial species description, reporting this subspecies as non-pigmented. In the golden pigment staphyloxanthin is an important virulence factor, protecting cells against reactive oxygen species and modulating membrane fluidity.
METHODS
In this study, we used two pigmented (DSM 111179 and DSM 113836) and two non-pigmented subsp. strains (DSM 20326 and DSM 31028) to identify the pigment, determine conditions under which pigment-production occurs and investigate whether pigmented strains show increased resistance to ROS and temperature stress.
RESULTS
We found that the non-pigmented strains remained colorless regardless of the type of medium, whereas intensity of pigmentation in the two pigmented strains increased under low nutrient conditions and with longer incubation times. We were able to detect and identify staphyloxanthin and its derivates in the two pigmented strains but found that methanol cell extracts from all four strains showed ROS scavenging activity regardless of staphyloxanthin production. Increased survival to cold temperatures (-20°C) was detected in the two pigmented strains only after long-term storage compared to the non-pigmented strains.
CONCLUSION
The identification of staphyloxanthin in is of clinical relevance and could be used, in the same way as in , as a possible target for anti-virulence drug design.
PubMed: 37840735
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1272734 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022is primarily described as a human skin commensal but is now emergent as an opportunistic pathogen isolated from the bloodstream and prosthetic joint infections, and...
is primarily described as a human skin commensal but is now emergent as an opportunistic pathogen isolated from the bloodstream and prosthetic joint infections, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)-associated sepsis. We used comparative genomic analyses of to provide new insights into commensal scalp isolates from varying skin states (healthy, dandruff lesional, and non-lesional), and to expand our current knowledge of the species populations (scalp isolates, = 59; other skin isolates, = 7; publicly available isolates, = 120). A highly recombinogenic population structure was revealed, with genomes including the presence of a range of previously described staphylococcal virulence factors, cell wall-associated proteins, and two-component systems. Genomic differences between the two described subspecies were explored, which revealed the determinants associated exclusively with each subspecies. The subspecies was distinguished from subspecies based on the differences in antimicrobial resistance genes, β-lactam resistance genes, and β-class phenol soluble modulins and gene clusters linked to biofilm formation and survival on skin. This study will aid further research into the classification of and virulence-linked phylogroups to monitor the spread and evolution of .
PubMed: 36246238
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1005949 -
The Journal of Hospital Infection Oct 2023The multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus capitis clone, NRCS-A, is increasingly associated with late-onset sepsis in low birthweight newborns in neonatal intensive care...
BACKGROUND
The multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus capitis clone, NRCS-A, is increasingly associated with late-onset sepsis in low birthweight newborns in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in England and globally. Understanding where this bacterium survives and persists within the NICU environment is key to developing and implementing effective control measures.
AIM
To investigate the potential for S. capitis to colonize surfaces within NICUs.
METHODS
Surface swabs were collected from four NICUs with and without known NRCS-A colonizations/infections present at the time of sampling. Samples were cultured and S. capitis isolates analysed via whole-genome sequencing. Survival of NRCS-A on plastic surfaces was assessed over time and compared to that of non-NRCS-A isolates. The bactericidal activity of commonly used chemical disinfectants against S. capitis was assessed.
FINDINGS
Of 173 surfaces sampled, 40 (21.1%) harboured S. capitis with 30 isolates (75%) being NRCS-A. Whereas S. capitis was recovered from surfaces across the NICU, the NRCS-A clone was rarely recovered from outside the immediate neonatal bedspace. Incubators and other bedside equipment were contaminated with NRCS-A regardless of clinical case detection. In the absence of cleaning, S. capitis was able to survive for three days with minimal losses in viability (<0.5 log reduction). Sodium troclosene and a QAC-based detergent/disinfectant reduced S. capitis to below detectable levels.
CONCLUSION
S. capitis NRCS-A can be readily recovered from the NICU environment, even in units with no recent reported clinical cases of S. capitis infection, highlighting a need for appropriate national guidance on cleaning within the neonatal care environment.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Staphylococcus capitis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Staphylococcal Infections; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Sepsis; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Disinfectants
PubMed: 37487793
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.06.030 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021Biofilm characteristics of D84 () and subsp. () on polytetrafluoroethylene and AISI-304 stainless steel at early- (24, 48 h) and late-stage (144, 192 h) biofilm...
Biofilm characteristics of D84 () and subsp. () on polytetrafluoroethylene and AISI-304 stainless steel at early- (24, 48 h) and late-stage (144, 192 h) biofilm formation were investigated. biofilm structure was more developed compared to , representing vastly mature biofilms with a strongly developed amorphous matrix, possibly extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), at late-stage biofilm formation. showed faster growth behavior but still resulted in a relatively flat biofilm structure. Strong correlations were found between several roughness parameters and surface coverage (r ≥ 0.98), and between total surface free energy (γs) and surface coverage (r = 0.89), while remained mostly unaffected. The pronounced ubiquitous biofilm characteristics make D84 a suitable model for biofilm research. Studying biofilm formation of these bacteria may help one understand bacterial adhesion on interfaces and hence reduce biofilm formation in the food industry.
PubMed: 33805651
DOI: 10.3390/foods10030611