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Skeletal Radiology Mar 2023The majority of the sarcomas are deep in location, larger than 5 cm in size, and heterogenous in imaging appearance. However, when sarcomas occur superficially, these... (Review)
Review
The majority of the sarcomas are deep in location, larger than 5 cm in size, and heterogenous in imaging appearance. However, when sarcomas occur superficially, these typical features may be absent, failing to alert the radiologist to a malignancy and mimicking one of the more numerous benign superficial tumors that make up the bulk of soft tissue mass evaluations. This manuscript will discuss the current role of imaging in recognizing features concerning for superficial soft tissue sarcomas. Provided is an overview of the demographic, clinical, and imaging features of the most commonly encountered superficial soft tissue sarcomas, including undifferentiated pleomorphic, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, liposarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, epithelioid sarcoma, and angiosarcoma. A less common but primary superficial tumor, angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, is also reviewed as the diagnosis may be confounding both clinically and on imaging studies.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Sarcoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Fibrosarcoma; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous; Liposarcoma
PubMed: 35867123
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-022-04127-0 -
Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology Jul 2023Vascular tumors are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the skin and subcutis, and they encompass a heterogeneous group with diverse clinical, histological, and... (Review)
Review
Vascular tumors are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the skin and subcutis, and they encompass a heterogeneous group with diverse clinical, histological, and molecular features, as well as biological behavior. Over the past two decades, molecular studies have enabled the identification of pathogenic recurrent genetic alterations that can be used as additional data points to support the correct classification of these lesions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available data related to superficially located benign and low-grade vascular neoplasms and to highlight recent molecular advances with the role of surrogate immunohistochemistry to target pathogenic proteins as diagnostic biomarkers.
Topics: Humans; Endothelial Cells; Skin; Immunohistochemistry; Neoplasms; Hemangioendothelioma; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 37149395
DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2023.04.015 -
International Journal of Dermatology Apr 2019Superficial CD34 positive fibroblastic tumor (SCPFT) is a recently recognized, unique neoplasm with distinctive histomorphological features such as high pleomorphism,... (Review)
Review
Superficial CD34 positive fibroblastic tumor (SCPFT) is a recently recognized, unique neoplasm with distinctive histomorphological features such as high pleomorphism, low mitotic rate, and diffuse CD34 reactivity. Hereby we present three cases of our experience with clinicopathological, morphological, and immunohistochemical characteristics. The patients were a 31-year-old female, 53-year-old female, and 33-year-old male. The tumors were all superficially located; left forearm, medial aspect of the left ankle, and left thigh, respectively. Histomorphologically they had expansile and focal infiltrative growth pattern consisting of highly pleomorphic spindle cells with intranuclear inclusions, yet low mitotic rate. Tumoral cells showed strong and diffuse reactivity for CD34. One of our cases showed focal and weak reactivity for pancytokeratin. Unlike the other two tumors, one case was positive for desmin. During the clinical follow-up, one case showed local recurrence four times. SCPFT is a newly recognized, borderline mesenchymal neoplasm of soft tissues that can show local recurrence or even rarely metastasize. To the best of our knowledge, this three case series is the first to be reported from Turkey. Our aim to report these three cases was to make contribution to the literature about this rare entity and increase awareness.
Topics: Adult; Antigens, CD34; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Fibrous Tissue; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 30569527
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14357 -
The American Journal of Dermatopathology Dec 2019Nodular fasciitis is a benign proliferation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts that can be mistaken for an aggressive neoplasm because of its spectrum of appearances and... (Review)
Review
Nodular fasciitis is a benign proliferation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts that can be mistaken for an aggressive neoplasm because of its spectrum of appearances and anatomical locations, rapid growth, infiltrative growth pattern, and high mitotic rate. The presence of fusions involving USP6 gene in most cases provides a useful tool for diagnostic confirmation. Nodular fasciitis is often deep, in association with fascia, but less commonly, it arises superficially and can be biopsied by dermatologists. We present herein 3 such cases with confirmed USP6 rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in which the diagnosis of nodular fasciitis was not initially obvious because of atypical morphologic and clinical features. These cases illustrate that in cutaneous myofibroblastic proliferations, nodular fasciitis should be given consideration even when encountered in unusual locations.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Cell Proliferation; Diagnosis, Differential; Fasciitis; Female; Fibroblasts; Gene Rearrangement; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Predictive Value of Tests; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase
PubMed: 31638603
DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000001455 -
Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and... Feb 2014During the last two decades, the occurrence of fungal infections either superficial or systemic has been increasing. Moreover, fungal infections become more difficult to... (Review)
Review
During the last two decades, the occurrence of fungal infections either superficial or systemic has been increasing. Moreover, fungal infections become more difficult to treat when they show coupling with immunogenic diseases like AIDS. Superficial fungal infections are associated with skin, nail and eye and are less prominent to systemic infection. However, it may be dangerous if not treated properly. It is usually observed that conventional formulations including cream, powder, gels etc. are used to treat skin fungal infections even for the deep seated fungal infections. However, these formulations show various side-effects on the application site like burning, redness and swelling. Further, due to the immediate release of drug from these formulations they can stimulate the immune system of body generating high impact allergic reactions. Deep seated fungal infections like invasive aspergillosis and invasive candidiasis may be more difficult to treat because the drug released from conventional topical formulation can not reach at the target site due to the low penetration capacity. Similarly, in case of fungal infection of nail and eye, conventional formulations show problem of less bioavailability. Thus, to overcome the drawbacks of conventional therapy a lot of research works have been carried out to develop novel formulations of antifungal drugs to deliver them superficially. Novel formulations explored for the skin delivery of antifungal drugs include liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, microemulsions, nanoparticles, microspheres and micelles. These formulations show extended or sustained release of drug, minimizing the side effect on application site, enhancing bioavailability and reducing the dosing frequency. Further, these formulations also show penetration into the deep skin to treat invasive fungal infections. Novel formulations explored in treatment of fungal infections of eye are liposomes and nanoparticles and whether for nail fungal infections microemulsions are the choice. In present article, we have discussed about conventional treatment of superficial fungal infection and their comparison with the novel drug delivery systems.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Biological Availability; Dermatomycoses; Drug Delivery Systems; Eye; Fungi; Humans; Keratitis; Onychomycosis; Permeability; Skin
PubMed: 23452349
DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2013.769446 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Jan 2024Desmoplastic fibroblastoma (collagenous fibroma) is a rare soft tissue tumor that usually arises in the subcutis or skeletal muscle. Cases superficial to fascia are...
BACKGROUND
Desmoplastic fibroblastoma (collagenous fibroma) is a rare soft tissue tumor that usually arises in the subcutis or skeletal muscle. Cases superficial to fascia are unusual and can cause diagnostic difficulty. We present 11 cases of superficial desmoplastic fibroblastoma involving a wide anatomic distribution.
METHODS
Archives were searched using the term "desmoplastic fibroblastoma" over a 10-year period (2012-2022). Cases superficial to fascia were retrieved, and available clinicopathologic features were recorded. Only cases involving the dermis were included.
RESULTS
Eleven cases were identified, all of which were received in consultation. Tumors involved the head and neck (2), lower extremity (2), back (2), foot (1), shoulder (1), axilla (1), hand (1), and breast (1). Each consisted of a hypocellular proliferation of bland stellate to spindled fibroblasts set in a collagenous to focally myxoid stroma. The immunohistochemical stains available for review demonstrated SMA positivity (4/7) and negative immunoreactivity for CD34 (0/6), EMA (0/3), desmin (0/3), and S100 (0/7).
CONCLUSIONS
Desmoplastic fibroblastoma may present superficially in the dermis to subcutis, posing a potential source of diagnostic difficulty. Recognition of the characteristic histopathologic features of desmoplastic fibroblastoma with judicial use of immunohistochemical stains should allow for accurate diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Fibroma, Desmoplastic; Fibroma; Fibroblasts; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Breast
PubMed: 37666661
DOI: 10.1111/cup.14529 -
Food Science and Technology... Sep 2022Sensory analysis for stuffed cheese with superficial growth using a descriptive analysis was performed. Cheeses were manufactured in a pilot plant. was superficially...
Sensory analysis for stuffed cheese with superficial growth using a descriptive analysis was performed. Cheeses were manufactured in a pilot plant. was superficially inoculated and the cheeses were ripened at 12 °C and 90% relative humidity until packaged using a microperforated polyethylene film on day 14. The ripening process continued at either 5 °C or 12 °C for 21 days. Results showed that not only confers the external desirable appearance but also has a protective effect against dehydration process. Inoculated cheeses showed descriptors of odour and flavour associated with moulds. Ammonia notes were perceived only for inoculated cheeses on day 35 being more pronounced at 12 °C than 5 °C. The high fat content of the cheeses and the transparent and microperforated packaging might affect the oxidative stability of cheeses at the end of the ripening.
Topics: Ammonia; Cheese; Penicillium; Polyethylenes
PubMed: 34151621
DOI: 10.1177/10820132211023673 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2015Emotional words are processed rapidly and automatically in the left hemisphere (LH) and slowly, with the involvement of attention, in the right hemisphere (RH). This... (Review)
Review
Emotional words are processed rapidly and automatically in the left hemisphere (LH) and slowly, with the involvement of attention, in the right hemisphere (RH). This review aims to find the reason for this difference and suggests that emotional words can be processed superficially or deeply due to the involvement of the linguistic and imagery systems, respectively. During superficial processing, emotional words likely make connections only with semantically associated words in the LH. This part of the process is automatic and may be sufficient for the purpose of language processing. Deep processing, in contrast, seems to involve conceptual information and imagery of a word's perceptual and emotional properties using autobiographical memory contents. Imagery and the involvement of autobiographical memory likely differentiate between emotional and neutral word processing and explain the salient role of the RH in emotional word processing. It is concluded that the level of emotional word processing in the RH should be deeper than in the LH and, thus, it is conceivable that the slow mode of processing adds certain qualities to the output.
PubMed: 26217288
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00975 -
Dermatologic Surgery : Official... Jul 2012Superficial dermal injection of hyaluronic acids (HAs) has not been well studied. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Superficial dermal injection of hyaluronic acids (HAs) has not been well studied.
OBJECTIVES
To study HAs injected into the superficial dermis using ultrasound examination and measurements, to evaluate induration and pain, and to examine histology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three commercial HAs were injected into the superficial dermis (0.2 mL). The HAs used were a biphasic gel, a monophasic monodensified gel, and a monophasic polydensified gel. Ultrasound measurements and images were obtained, pain assessed, and biopsies performed at 7 days.
RESULTS
Participants experienced pain from the HAs that did not contain lidocaine. After 8 days, the biphasic HA papules appeared erythematous, with two-thirds reporting the biphasic HA papules as tender. Ultrasound demonstrated superficial placement of HA gels in the upper dermis. The gels each exhibited unique characteristic patterns on ultrasound. Skin biopsies of the superficial dermal placement confirmed earlier patterns. Superficial placement of the biphasic product is associated with tenderness and an eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate.
CONCLUSION
Superficial placement of HAs is possible, as demonstrated by ultrasonography. Gels that do not have lidocaine within them are more painful. Injection of biphasic HA gels superficially in the dermis is associated with clinical erythema and tenderness and histology showing an eosinophilic infiltrate.
Topics: Adult; Cosmetic Techniques; Female; Gels; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Male; Middle Aged; Pain Measurement
PubMed: 22759253
DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2012.02471.x