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The Journal of Antibiotics Jun 1972
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Terminology as Topic; Virginiamycin
PubMed: 4568014
DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.25.371 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Sep 2000
Review
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Glycopeptides; Humans; Virginiamycin
PubMed: 11168181
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2000.00128.x -
Microbiological Reviews Jun 1979
Review
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Eukaryota; Fungi; Models, Molecular; Nucleic Acids; Solubility; Species Specificity; Virginiamycin
PubMed: 117294
DOI: 10.1128/mr.43.2.145-192.1979 -
Nature Communications Mar 2023During biosynthesis by multi-modular trans-AT polyketide synthases, polyketide structural space can be expanded by conversion of initially-formed electrophilic...
During biosynthesis by multi-modular trans-AT polyketide synthases, polyketide structural space can be expanded by conversion of initially-formed electrophilic β-ketones into β-alkyl groups. These multi-step transformations are catalysed by 3-hydroxy-3-methylgluratryl synthase cassettes of enzymes. While mechanistic aspects of these reactions have been delineated, little information is available concerning how the cassettes select the specific polyketide intermediate(s) to target. Here we use integrative structural biology to identify the basis for substrate choice in module 5 of the virginiamycin M trans-AT polyketide synthase. Additionally, we show in vitro that module 7, at minimum, is a potential additional site for β-methylation. Indeed, analysis by HPLC-MS coupled with isotopic labelling and pathway inactivation identifies a metabolite bearing a second β-methyl at the expected position. Collectively, our results demonstrate that several control mechanisms acting in concert underpin β-branching programming. Furthermore, variations in this control - whether natural or by design - open up avenues for diversifying polyketide structures towards high-value derivatives.
Topics: Methylation; Virginiamycin; Streptomyces; Protein Binding; Models, Molecular; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 36899003
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36974-3 -
Biotechnology Letters Jan 2018To test the inactivation of the antibiotic, virginiamycin, by laccase-induced culture supernatants of Aureobasidium pullulans.
OBJECTIVE
To test the inactivation of the antibiotic, virginiamycin, by laccase-induced culture supernatants of Aureobasidium pullulans.
RESULTS
Fourteen strains of A. pullulans from phylogenetic clade 7 were tested for laccase production. Three laccase-producing strains from this group and three previously identified strains from clade 5 were compared for inactivation of virginiamycin. Laccase-induced culture supernatants from clade 7 strains were more effective at inactivation of virginiamycin, particularly at 50 °C. Clade 7 strain NRRL Y-2567 inactivated 6 µg virginiamycin/ml within 24 h. HPLC analyses indicated that virginiamycin was degraded by A. pullulans.
CONCLUSIONS
A. pullulans has the potential for the bioremediation of virginiamycin-contaminated materials, such as distiller's dry grains with solubles (DDGS) animal feed produced from corn-based fuel ethanol production.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascomycota; Biotransformation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Culture Media; Glucans; Hot Temperature; Virginiamycin
PubMed: 29038924
DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2454-7 -
Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A,... Aug 2022Based on a highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against virginiamycin M1 (VIR M1), a quantum dots-based fluorescent immunochromatographic assay...
Based on a highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against virginiamycin M1 (VIR M1), a quantum dots-based fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (QDs-ICA) for quick and sensitive analysis of VIR M1 was established for the first time. The mAb showed a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of 0.5 ng/mL and cross-reactivity (CR) values below 0.1% for other three analogues when used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mAb was conjugated to ZnCdSe/ZnS (core/shell) QDs with maximum emission wavelength of 610 nm (orange-red) which was selected as fluorescent probe to increase QDs-ICA sensitivity. The cut-off value of QDs-ICA was 12.5 ng/mL. QDs-ICA showed a linear range from 0.7 to 14.5 ng/mL with a limit of quantification of 0.7 ng/mL. Compared with existing methods for the analysis of VIR M1, the QDs-ICA exhibited higher sensitivity. For analysis of VIR M1 concentrations spiked into swine feed, muscle and liver samples, recovery rates ranged from 94.0% to 111.6% with the highest coefficient of variation (CV) of 6.7% for intra-assay, and for inter-assay ranged from 94.7% to 107.6% with the highest CV of 9.4%. In conclusion, the QDs-ICA could be a potential method for analyzing VIR M1 in animal feed and animal-derived food.
Topics: Animals; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Immunoassay; Liver; Muscles; Quantum Dots; Streptogramin A; Swine; Virginiamycin
PubMed: 35679322
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2081366 -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Feb 1999
Review
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterococcus faecium; France; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; United States; Virginiamycin
PubMed: 11252321
DOI: 10.1093/jac/43.2.171 -
The Veterinary Record Jun 2007
Topics: Animals; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterococcus; Foot Diseases; Horse Diseases; Horses; Internet; Research; Veterinary Medicine; Virginiamycin
PubMed: 17575256
DOI: 10.1136/vr.160.24.852-a -
Poultry Science Jan 1985Two experiments were conducted for five 28-day periods each. In Experiments 1 and 2, Hyline W-36 hens, 36 and 26 weeks of age, respectively, were used. Experiment 1 was...
Two experiments were conducted for five 28-day periods each. In Experiments 1 and 2, Hyline W-36 hens, 36 and 26 weeks of age, respectively, were used. Experiment 1 was designed to measure the effect of virginiamycin on hen performance and egg characteristics when supplementing a diet having low pigmentation potential. In Experiment 2, the diet contained 3% added fat with 0, 10, and 20 ppm virginiamycin. In Experiment 1, virginiamycin-supplemented hens showed increased (P less than or equal to .05) egg production, body weight, and improved feed efficiency. When egg production and feed efficiency were ranked by quartiles within the control and virginiamycin-supplemented groups, virginiamycin was shown to benefit only the poorer producing hens. In Experiment 2, added fat improved feed efficiency; however, the response to virginiamycin, as observed in Experiment 1, did not occur.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Egg Yolk; Female; Food Additives; Mortality; Oviposition; Pigmentation; Virginiamycin
PubMed: 3919378
DOI: 10.3382/ps.0640139 -
Drug Metabolism Reviews 1987
Review
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Cholesterol; Chromatography, Liquid; Drug Residues; Hydrolysis; Liver; Rats; Virginiamycin
PubMed: 3132359
DOI: 10.3109/03602538708998306