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World Journal of Gastroenterology Jan 2023Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell-regulated death. It is characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and can be distinguished... (Review)
Review
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell-regulated death. It is characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and can be distinguished from other forms of cell-regulated death by different morphology, biochemistry, and genetics. Recently, studies have shown that ferroptosis is associated with a variety of diseases, including liver, kidney and neurological diseases, as well as cancer. Ferroptosis has been shown to be associated with colorectal epithelial disorders, which can lead to cancerous changes in the gut. However, the potential role of ferroptosis in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still controversial. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis in CRC, this article systematically reviews ferroptosis, and its cellular functions in CRC, for furthering the understanding of the pathogenesis of CRC to aid clinical treatment.
Topics: Humans; Ferroptosis; Cell Death; Iron; Kidney; Lipid Peroxidation; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 36688016
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i3.469 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023We provide a systematic overview of the mechanochemical reactions of inorganic solids, notably simple binary compounds, such as oxides, nitrides, carbides, sulphides,... (Review)
Review
We provide a systematic overview of the mechanochemical reactions of inorganic solids, notably simple binary compounds, such as oxides, nitrides, carbides, sulphides, phosphides, hydrides, borides, borane derivatives, and related systems. Whereas the solid state has been traditionally considered to be of little synthetic value by the broader community of synthetic chemists, the solid-state community, and in particular researchers focusing on the reactions of inorganic materials, have thrived in building a rich and dynamic research field based on mechanically-driven transformations of inorganic substances typically seen as inert and high-melting. This review provides an insight into the chemical richness of such mechanochemical reactions and, at the same time, offers their tentative categorisation based on transformation type, resulting in seven distinct groupings: () the formation of adducts, () the reactions of dehydration; () oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions; () metathesis (or exchange) reactions; () doping and structural rearrangements, including reactions involving the reaction vessel (the milling jar); () acid-base reactions, and () other, mixed type reactions. At the same time, we offer a parallel description of inorganic mechanochemical reactions depending on the reaction conditions, as those that: () take place under mild conditions (e.g., manual grinding using a mortar and a pestle); () proceed gradually under mechanical milling; () are self-sustained and initiated by mechanical milling, i.e., mechanically induced self-propagating reactions (MSRs); and () proceed only via harsh grinding and are a result of chemical reactivity under strongly non-equilibrium conditions. By elaborating on typical examples and general principles in the mechanochemistry of hard and high-melting substances, this review provides a suitable complement to the existing literature, focusing on the properties and mechanochemical reactions of inorganic solids, such as nanomaterials and catalysts.
Topics: Catalysis; Nanostructures; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides
PubMed: 36677953
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020897 -
Placenta Feb 2023Studies about oxidative stress biomarkers revealed different phenotypes between early and late preeclampsia (PE). Despite that, there is extensive evidence of oxidative... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Studies about oxidative stress biomarkers revealed different phenotypes between early and late preeclampsia (PE). Despite that, there is extensive evidence of oxidative stress in investigations that combinate forms different of preeclampsia. This study reviews the oxidative stress profile in the PE subtypes and evaluates which markers are altered in the blood and placental tissue. A search was conducted in databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science without restricting the year and language of publication. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and Joanna Briggs Institute for analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. After 13,319 screened records, 65 were included in the systematic review. The markers of stress oxidative of damage and reactive species were those selected, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide, advanced protein oxidation products, carbonyl protein, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, total oxidant status, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide (NO). We described the antioxidant activity, including the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase, free glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). We results demonstrated that oxidative stress is related to pathophysiology of PE, there were increased lipid peroxidation in the blood and placenta, and in blood a reduction of NO levels and of TAC, like lower enzymatic activity of GPx, CAT in PE, and SOD in mild PE. In addition, altered levels of MDA in the placenta and blood show that placental changes have repercussions on the clinical syndrome and are related to the severity of the disease.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Pre-Eclampsia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Placenta; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants; Catalase; Glutathione; Superoxide Dismutase; Glutathione Peroxidase; Nitric Oxide; Malondialdehyde
PubMed: 36669343
DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.12.009 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022Regular exercise at the intensity matching maximal fat oxidation (FAT) has been proposed as a key element in both athletes and clinical populations when aiming to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Regular exercise at the intensity matching maximal fat oxidation (FAT) has been proposed as a key element in both athletes and clinical populations when aiming to enhance the body's ability to oxidize fat. In order to allow a more standardized and tailored training approach, the connection between FAT and the individual aerobic thresholds (AerT) has been examined. Although recent findings strongly suggest that a relationship exists between these two intensities, correlation alone is not sufficient to confirm that the intensities necessarily coincide and that the error between the two measures is small. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aim to examine the agreement levels between the exercise intensities matching FAT and AerT by pooling limits of agreement in a function of three parameters: (i) the average difference, (ii) the average within-study variation, and (iii) the variation in bias across studies, and to examine the influence of clinical and methodological inter- and intra-study differences on agreement levels. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021239351) and ClinicalTrials (NCT03789045). PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for studies examining FAT and AerT connection. Overall, 12 studies with forty-five effect sizes and a total of 774 subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The ROBIS tool for risk of bias assessment was used to determine the quality of included studies. In conclusion, the overall 95% limits of agreement of the differences between FAT and AerT exercise intensities were larger than the a priori determined acceptable agreement due to the large variance caused by clinical and methodological differences among the studies. Therefore, we recommend that future studies follow a strict standardization of data collection and analysis of FAT- and AerT-related outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Follow-Up Studies; Lipid Metabolism; Oxygen Consumption; Calorimetry, Indirect; Oxidation-Reduction; Exercise Test
PubMed: 36612784
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010453 -
Bioresource Technology Feb 2023Ammonium oxidation coupled to Fe(III) reduction (Feammox) is a newly discovered iron-nitrogen cycle process of microbial catalyzed NH oxidation coupled with iron... (Review)
Review
Ammonium oxidation coupled to Fe(III) reduction (Feammox) is a newly discovered iron-nitrogen cycle process of microbial catalyzed NH oxidation coupled with iron reduction. Fe(III) often exists in the form of insoluble iron minerals resulting in reduced microbial availability and low efficiency of Feammox. Electron shuttles(ESs) can be reversibly oxidized and reduced which has the potential to improve Feammox efficiency. This review summarizes the discovery process, electron transfer mechanism, influencing factors and driven microorganisms of Feammox, ang expounds the possibility and potential mechanism of ESs to enhance Feammox efficiency. Based on an in-depth analysis of the current research situation of Feammox for nitrogen removal, the knowledge gaps and future research directions including how to apply ESs enhanced Feammox to promote nitrogen removal in practical wastewater treatment have been highlighted. This review can provide new ideas for the engineering application research of Feammox and strong theoretical support for its development.
Topics: Ferric Compounds; Electrons; Anaerobiosis; Iron; Nitrogen Cycle; Ammonium Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Nitrogen; Denitrification
PubMed: 36526117
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128495 -
International Journal of Sport... Mar 2023Whether caffeine (CAF) increases fat metabolism remains debatable. Using systematic review coupled with meta-analysis, our aim was to determine effects of CAF on fat... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Whether caffeine (CAF) increases fat metabolism remains debatable. Using systematic review coupled with meta-analysis, our aim was to determine effects of CAF on fat metabolism and the relevant factors moderating this effect. Electronic databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched using the following string: CAF AND (fat OR lipid) AND (metabolism OR oxidation). A meta-analytic approach aggregated data from 94 studies examining CAF's effect on fat metabolism assessed by different biomarkers. The overall effect size (ES) was 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.30, 0.47], p < .001), indicating a small effect of CAF to increase fat metabolism; however, ES was significantly higher (p < .001) based on blood biomarkers (e.g., free fatty acids, glycerol) (ES = 0.55, 95% CI [0.43, 0.67]) versus expired gas analysis (respiratory exchange ratio, calculated fat oxidation) (ES = 0.26, 95% CI [0.16, 0.37]), although both were greater than zero. Fat metabolism increased to a greater extent (p = .02) during rest (ES = 0.51, 95% CI [0.41, 0.62]) versus exercise (ES = 0.35, 95% CI [0.26, 0.44]) across all studies, although ES was not different for studies reporting both conditions (ES = 0.49 and 0.44, respectively). There were no subgroup differences based on participants' fitness level, sex, or CAF dosage. CAF ingestion increases fat metabolism but is more consistent with blood biomarkers versus whole-body gas exchange measures. CAF has a small effect during rest across all studies, although similar to exercise when compared within the same study. CAF dosage did not moderate this effect.
Topics: Humans; Caffeine; Exercise; Lipid Metabolism; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 36495873
DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2022-0131 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2024Carbohydrates (CHO) and caffeine (CAF) are two ergogenic aids commonly used among athletes to enhance performance. However, there is some controversy as to whether the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Carbohydrates (CHO) and caffeine (CAF) are two ergogenic aids commonly used among athletes to enhance performance. However, there is some controversy as to whether the concurrent intake of both supplements might result in an additive and synergistic improvement in exercise performance. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effect of adding CAF to a protocol of CHO ingestion, compared with the intake of each ergogenic aid alone and with placebo, on exercise performance and metabolic responses in healthy young physically active adults. This study was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The PubMed, Web of Science, Medline Complete, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and CENTRAL databases were searched including randomized controlled trials (RCT) that were at least single blind. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool 2. Meta-analysis were performed on performance variables and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) using the random-effects model. Thirteen RCT with 128 participants (117 men and 11 women) were included in this study. The ingestion of CAF and CHO reduced sprint time during repeated sprint protocols in comparison with CHO isolated ingestion (SMD: -0.45; 95% CI: -0.85, -0.05) while there was a tendency for a reduction in the time employed during time trials (SMD: -0.36; 95% CI: -0.77, 0.05). The RPE tended to be lower with CAF and CHO compared with CHO isolated ingestion during steady-state exercise (SMD: -0.43; 95% CI: -0.91, 0.05) with no differences between conditions in performance trials (SMD: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.39, 0.29). Although most of the studies showed higher values of blood glucose when CHO was co-ingested with CAF compared with PLA, only two studies observed higher values with CHO and CAF co-ingestion with respect to the isolated intake of CHO. One study observed greater fat oxidation and lower glycogen use when CAF was added to CHO. In terms of cortisol levels, one study showed an increase in cortisol levels when CAF was co-ingested with CHO compared with PLA. In summary, concurrent CHO and CAF intake may produce an additive ergogenic effect respect of the isolated ingestion of CHO. This additive effect was present when CHO was provided by a 6-9% of CHO solution (maltodextrin/dextrin + fructose) and CAF is administered in a dose of 4-6.5 mg/kg.
Topics: Male; Adult; Female; Humans; Caffeine; Hydrocortisone; Dietary Carbohydrates; Physical Functional Performance; Eating; Polyesters
PubMed: 36178302
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2128298 -
Dentistry Journal May 2022: Dental implant therapy is currently identified as the most effective treatment for edentulous patient. However, peri-implant inflammations were found to be one of the... (Review)
Review
: Dental implant therapy is currently identified as the most effective treatment for edentulous patient. However, peri-implant inflammations were found to be one of the most common complications that leads to the loss and failure of dental implantation. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been proposed to enhance bone integration and reduce bacterial attachment. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the current evidence regarding the antimicrobial effect of UV on different dental implant surfaces. Five databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, VHL, and Cochran Library were searched to retrieve relevant articles. All original reports that examined the effect of the application of UV radiation on dental implants were included in our study. A total of 16 in vitro studies were included in this systematic review. Polymethyl methacrylate UV radiation has induced a significant decrease in bacterial survival in PMMA materials, with an increased effect by modification with 2.5% and 5% TiO nanotubes. UV-C showed a superior effect to UV-A in reducing bacterial attachment and accumulation. UV wavelength of 265 and 285 nm showed powerful bactericidal effects. UV of 365 nm for 24 h had the highest inhibition of bacterial growth in ZnO coated magnesium alloys. In UV-irradiated commercially pure titanium surfaces treated with plasma electrolytic oxidation, silver ion application, heat or alkali had shown significant higher bactericidal effect vs non-irradiated treated surfaces than the treatment with any of them alone. UVC and gamma-ray irradiation increased the hydrophilicity of zirconia surface, compared to the dry heat. UV radiation on Ti surfaces exhibited significant antibacterial effects demonstrated through the reduction in bacterial attachment and biofilm formation with suppression of bacterial cells growth. Combination of UV and treated surfaces with alkali, plasma electrolytic oxidation, silver ion application or heat enhance the overall photocatalytic antimicrobial effect.
PubMed: 35735635
DOI: 10.3390/dj10060093 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2022Over the past two decades, scientists have attempted to evaluate whether the point of maximal fat oxidation (FAT) and the aerobic threshold (AerT) are connected. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Over the past two decades, scientists have attempted to evaluate whether the point of maximal fat oxidation (FAT) and the aerobic threshold (AerT) are connected. The existence of such a relationship would allow a more tailored training approach for athletes while improving the efficacy of individualized exercise prescriptions when treating numerous health-related issues. However, studies have reported conflicting results, and this issue remains unresolved. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed: (i) to examine the strength of the association between FAT and AerT by using the effect size (ES) of correlation coefficient (r) and standardized mean difference (SMD); (ii) to identify potential moderators and their influence on ES variability. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021239351) and ClinicalTrials (NCT03789045). PubMed and Google Scholar were searched and fourteen articles, consisting of overall 35 ES for and 26 ES for SMD were included. Obtained ESs were analyzed using a multilevel random-effects meta-analysis. Our results support the presence of a significant association between FAT and AerT exercise intensities. In conclusion, due to the large ES variance caused by clinical and methodological differences among the studies, we recommend that future studies follow strict standardization of data collection and analysis of FAT and AerT-related outcomes.
Topics: Athletes; Exercise; Exercise Test; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 35682065
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116479 -
Ageing Research Reviews Aug 2022This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the nitro-oxidative stress (O&NS)/antioxidant (ANTIOX) ratio in the peripheral blood of people with mild... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the nitro-oxidative stress (O&NS)/antioxidant (ANTIOX) ratio in the peripheral blood of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for articles published from inception until July 31, 2021. Forty-six studies on 3.798 MCI individuals and 6.063 healthy controls were included. The O&NS/ANTIOX ratio was significantly higher in MCI than in controls with a Standardized Mean Difference (SMD)= 0.378 (95% CI: 0.250; 0.506). MCI individuals showed increased lipid peroxidation (SMD=0.774, 95%CI: 4.416; 1.132) and O&NS-associated toxicity (SMD=0.621, CI: 0.377; 0.865) and reduced glutathione (GSH) defenses (SMD=0.725, 95%CI: 0.269; 1.182) as compared with controls. MCI was also accompanied by significantly increased homocysteine (SMD=0.320, CI: 0.059; 0.581), but not protein oxidation, and lowered non-vitamin (SMD=0.347, CI: 0.168; 0.527) and vitamin (SMD=0.564, CI: 0.129; 0.999) antioxidant defenses. The results show that MCI is at least in part due to increased neuro-oxidative toxicity and suggest that treatments targeting lipid peroxidation and the GSH system may be used to treat or prevent MCI.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cognitive Dysfunction; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Vitamins
PubMed: 35537662
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101639