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Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology :... Apr 2023To determine, by expert consensus through a modified Delphi process, the role of standardized and new ultrasound signs in the prenatal evaluation of patients at high...
OBJECTIVE
To determine, by expert consensus through a modified Delphi process, the role of standardized and new ultrasound signs in the prenatal evaluation of patients at high risk of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).
METHODS
A systematic review of articles providing information on ultrasound imaging signs or markers associated with PAS was performed before the development of questionnaires for the first round of the Delphi process. Only peer-reviewed original research studies in the English language describing one or more new ultrasound sign(s) for the prenatal evaluation of PAS were included. A three-round consensus-building Delphi method was then conducted under the guidance of a steering group, which included nine experts who invited an international panel of experts in obstetric ultrasound imaging in the evaluation of patients at high risk for PAS. Consensus was defined as agreement of ≥ 70% between participants.
RESULTS
The systematic review identified 15 articles describing eight new ultrasound signs for the prenatal evaluation of PAS. A total of 35 external experts were approached, of whom 31 agreed and participated in the first round. Thirty external experts (97%) and seven experts from the steering group completed all three Delphi rounds. A consensus was reached that a prior history of at least one Cesarean delivery, myomectomy or PAS should be an indication for detailed PAS ultrasound assessment. The panelists also reached a consensus that seven of the 11 conventional signs of PAS should be included in the examination of high-risk patients and the routine mid-gestation scan report: (1) loss of the 'clear zone', (2) myometrial thinning, (3) bladder-wall interruption, (4) placental bulge, (5) uterovesical hypervascularity, (6) placental lacunae and (7) bridging vessels. A consensus was not reached for any of the eight new signs identified by the systematic review. With respect to other ultrasound features that are not specific to PAS but increase the probability of PAS at birth, the panelists reached a consensus for the finding of anterior placenta previa or placenta previa with cervical involvement. The experts were also asked to determine which PAS signs should be quantified and consensus was reached only for the quantification of placental lacunae using an existing score. For predicting surgical outcome in patients with a high probability of PAS at delivery, a consensus was obtained for loss of the clear zone, bladder-wall interruption, presence of placental lacunae and presence of placenta previa involving the cervix.
CONCLUSIONS
We have confirmed the continued importance of seven established standardized ultrasound signs of PAS, highlighted the role of transvaginal ultrasound in evaluating the placental position and anatomy of the cervix, and identified new ultrasound signs that may become useful in the future prenatal evaluation and management of patients at high risk for PAS at birth. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Placenta Accreta; Placenta; Placenta Previa; Delphi Technique; Ultrasonography; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36609827
DOI: 10.1002/uog.26155 -
Biomedicines Dec 2022Vasa previa is a rare fetal life-threatening obstetric disease classified into types I and II. This study aimed to examine the characteristics and obstetric outcomes of... (Review)
Review
Vasa previa is a rare fetal life-threatening obstetric disease classified into types I and II. This study aimed to examine the characteristics and obstetric outcomes of type II vasa previa. A systematic review was performed, and 20 studies (1998-2022) were identified. The results from six studies showed that type II vasa previa accounted for 21.3% of vasa previa cases. The characteristics and obstetric outcomes (rate of assisted reproductive technology (ART), antenatal diagnosis, emergent cesarean delivery, maternal transfusion, gestational age at delivery, and neonatal mortality) were compared between type I and II vasa previa, and all outcomes of interest were similar. The association between ART and abnormal placenta (bilobed placenta or succenturiate lobe) was examined in three studies, and the results were as follows: () increased rate of succenturiate lobes (ART versus non-ART pregnancy; OR (odds ratio) 6.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.45-19.78); () similar rate of abnormal placenta (cleavage-stage versus blastocyst embryo transfer); () increased rate of abnormal placenta (frozen versus fresh embryo transfer; OR 2.97, 95%CI 1.10-7.96). Although the outcomes of type II vasa previa appear to be similar to those of type I vasa previa, the current evidence is insufficient for a robust conclusion.
PubMed: 36552018
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123263 -
Journal of Endocrinological... Jun 2023To examine the association between isolated maternal hypothyroxinaemia (IMH) and adverse obstetric outcomes and offspring outcomes and also investigate the effects of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between isolated maternal hypothyroxinaemia (IMH) and adverse obstetric outcomes and offspring outcomes and also investigate the effects of levothyroxine therapy on IMH for the above outcomes.
METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, and the reference lists of key reviews were hand searched on June 9, 2021. Two authors independently screened titles/abstracts. Full articles were further assessed if the information suggested that the study met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, and two researchers performed data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment using standardized tables. Summary relative risks or the mean difference between maternal effects and offspring outcomes were calculated by a random-effects model.
RESULTS
We identified 38 eligible articles (35 cohort studies and two randomized controlled trials [RCT]). Meta-analysis showed that maternal IMH was associated with increased gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, fetal distress, and macrosomia outcomes in IMH compared to euthyroid women, and the relative risks were 1.42 (1.03-1.96), 1.50 (1.05-2.14), 1.33 (1.15-1.55), 1.75 (1.16-2.65) and 1.62 (1.35-1.94), respectively. IMH was not associated with placenta previa, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and offspring outcomes like birth weight, low birth weight infants, fetal macrosomia, neonatal intensive care, neonatal death, or fetal head circumference. In addition, we did not find an association between IMH and adverse offspring cognitive defects. Due to insufficient data for meta-analysis, it failed to pool the evidence of levothyroxine's therapeutic effect on IMH and their offspring.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
IMH in pregnancy may relate to a few maternal and offspring outcomes. Moreover, there is currently no sufficient evidence that levothyroxine treatment during pregnancy reduces adverse maternal outcomes and disability in offspring. Further investigation to explore the beneficial effects of levothyroxine therapy is warranted.
Topics: Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Thyroxine; Premature Birth; Diabetes, Gestational; Pre-Eclampsia; Birth Weight
PubMed: 36422828
DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01967-4 -
American Journal of Obstetrics &... Feb 2023Velamentous cord insertion may be identified prenatally, but the clinical implications of this diagnosis remain controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Velamentous cord insertion may be identified prenatally, but the clinical implications of this diagnosis remain controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively summarize current data on the association of velamentous cord insertion and adverse perinatal outcomes.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library from inception until May 22, 2022 to identify eligible studies.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Observational studies including singleton pregnancies with velamentous cord insertion, either prenatally or postnatally identified, and comparing them with those with central/eccentric cord insertion were considered eligible.
METHODS
The quality of the studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the risk of bias with the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. The main outcome was small-for-gestational-age neonates. Heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using a Q test and an I index. Analyses were performed using a random-effects model, with outcome data reported as relative risk or mean difference with 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS
In total, 9 cohort and 2 case-control studies, of which 4 had prenatal and 7 had postnatal velamentous cord insertion diagnosis, were included. The overall prevalence of velamentous cord insertion was estimated to be 1.4% among singleton pregnancies. Compared with the central/eccentric cord insertion control group, pregnancies with velamentous cord insertion were at higher risk of several adverse perinatal outcomes, namely small-for-gestational-age neonates (relative risk, 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.54-2.41), preeclampsia (relative risk, 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-3.39), pregnancy-induced hypertension (relative risk, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-1.70), stillbirth (relative risk, 4.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.92-8.87), placental abruption (relative risk, 2.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.72-5.03), preterm delivery (relative risk, 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.73-2.65), emergency cesarean delivery (relative risk, 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-3.38), 1-minute Apgar score <7 (relative risk, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-2.05), 5-minute Apgar score <7 (relative risk, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.43-2.71), and neonatal intensive care unit admission (relative risk, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.32-2.02). In a subgroup analysis, prenatally diagnosed velamentous cord insertion was associated with small-for-gestational-age neonates (relative risk, 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-2.32), stillbirth (relative risk, 4.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-16.08), and preterm delivery (relative risk, 2.69; 95% confidence interval, 2.01-3.60). In a sensitivity analysis of studies excluding cases with vasa previa, velamentous cord insertion was associated with an increased risk of small-for-gestational-age neonates (relative risk, 2.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.73-4.17), pregnancy-induced hypertension (relative risk, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-3.01), and stillbirth (relative risk, 9.42; 95% confidence interval, 3.19-27.76), but not preterm delivery (relative risk, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-4.54).
CONCLUSION
Velamentous cord insertion is associated with several adverse perinatal outcomes, including stillbirth, and these associations persist when only prenatally diagnosed cases are considered and when vasa previa cases are excluded. According to these findings, the exact pathophysiology should be further investigated and an effective prenatal monitoring plan should be developed.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Vasa Previa; Pregnancy Outcome; Stillbirth; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Placenta; Premature Birth; Fetal Growth Retardation
PubMed: 36379439
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100812 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022To investigate the risk of preterm birth in women with a placenta previa or a low-lying placenta for different cut-offs of gestational age and to evaluate preventive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the risk of preterm birth in women with a placenta previa or a low-lying placenta for different cut-offs of gestational age and to evaluate preventive interventions.
SEARCH AND METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, WHO-ICTRP and clinicaltrials.gov were searched until December 2021. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies and case-control studies assessing preterm birth in women with placenta previa or low-lying placenta with a placental edge within 2 cm of the internal os in the second or third trimester were eligible for inclusion. Pooled proportions and odds ratios for the risk of preterm birth before 37, 34, 32 and 28 weeks of gestation were calculated. Additionally, the results of the evaluation of preventive interventions for preterm birth in these women are described.
RESULTS
In total, 34 studies were included, 24 reporting on preterm birth and 9 on preventive interventions. The pooled proportions were 46% (95% CI [39 - 53%]), 17% (95% CI [11 - 25%]), 10% (95% CI [7 - 13%]) and 2% (95% CI [1 - 3%]), regarding preterm birth <37, <34, <32 and <28 weeks in women with placenta previa. For low-lying placentas the risk of preterm birth was 30% (95% CI [19 - 43%]) and 1% (95% CI [0 - 6%]) before 37 and 34 weeks, respectively. Women with a placenta previa were more likely to have a preterm birth compared to women with a low-lying placenta or women without a placenta previa for all gestational ages. The studies about preventive interventions all showed potential prolongation of pregnancy with the use of intramuscular progesterone, intramuscular progesterone + cerclage or pessary.
CONCLUSIONS
Both women with a placenta previa and a low-lying placenta have an increased risk of preterm birth. This increased risk is consistent across all severities of preterm birth between 28-37 weeks of gestation. Women with placenta previa have a higher risk of preterm birth than women with a low-lying placenta have. Cervical cerclage, pessary and intramuscular progesterone all might have benefit for both women with placenta previa and low-lying placenta, but data in this population are lacking and inconsistent, so that solid conclusions about their effectiveness cannot be drawn.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42019123675.
Topics: Cervix Uteri; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Placenta; Placenta Previa; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Progesterone
PubMed: 36120450
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.921220 -
Obstetrics and Gynecology Oct 2022To evaluate whether there are differences in risk factors and maternal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta spectrum depending on the presence or... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether there are differences in risk factors and maternal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta spectrum depending on the presence or absence of placenta previa.
DATA SOURCES
We performed a systematic search in Medline, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov , and Web of Science from inception through April 25, 2022, without language or date restrictions. Search strategy included the key words "placenta accreta," "placenta increta," "placenta percreta," "adherent placenta," "invasive placenta," "abnormal placent*," "placenta previa," and "marginal placent*."
METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION
Of the 1,122 articles screened, seven studies were included in the final review. Studies were included if they compared the risk factors and maternal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta spectrum depending on the presence or absence of placenta previa.
TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS
A random-effects model was used to pool the mean differences or odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% CIs using RevMan software. A total of 3,342 pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta spectrum were included in the meta-analysis (2,365 without previa and 977 with previa). Pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta spectrum without previa were more likely to have been conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.93-5.02, P <.001, I 2 =52.0%) and to be associated with prior dilation and curettage (D&C) (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.15-2.22, P =.005, I 2 =0.0%) and myomectomy (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.31-4.66, P =.005, I 2 =0.0%), but they were less likely to be associated with prior cesarean delivery (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.06-0.37, P <.001, I 2 =87.0%). Placenta accreta spectrum without previa was less likely to be diagnosed antenatally (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.04-0.11, P <.001, I 2 =38.0%). Also, women with pregnancies without previa had lower rates of red blood cell transfusion, intensive care unit admission, risk of hysterectomy, unscheduled delivery, and intraoperative bowel or bladder injuries.
CONCLUSION
Pregnancies complicated by placenta accreta spectrum without previa had a more prominent association with IVF and prior D&C and myomectomy but were much less likely to be associated with prior cesarean delivery. Further, placenta accreta spectrum without previa was less likely to be diagnosed antenatally, although it had better maternal outcomes as compared with placenta accreta spectrum with previa.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO, CRD42022307637.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Placenta Accreta; Placenta Previa; Retrospective Studies; Cesarean Section; Hysterectomy; Placenta
PubMed: 36075058
DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004923 -
Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and... Nov 2022The purpose of the study was whether endometriosis influences IVF/ICSI and subsequent pregnancy and obstetric outcomes. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was whether endometriosis influences IVF/ICSI and subsequent pregnancy and obstetric outcomes.
METHODS
Searches were performed on PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and Web of Science. Most of the included studies were retrospective case control study and retrospective cohort study. The risk ratio with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the random and fixed effects model. Random effects models were applied in the case of significant heterogeneity (I>50%), and fixed effects models were used if the heterogeneity was not significant. The main outcome measure was the live birth rate.
RESULTS
Seventy studies were included in our analysis. Compared with the control group, the implantation rate (p = 0.04) and the number of oocyte retrieved (p<0.00001) were significantly lower in women with endometriosis. About late pregnancy complications, there were significant statistical differences in multiple pregnancies rate, placenta previa rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, and postpartum hemorrhage rate between the two groups (p<0.05). All other major reproductive and obstetric outcomes were similar in women with and without endometriosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate women with or without endometriosis have similar reproductive outcomes, but women with endometriosis who conceived after assisted reproductive technology are in high risk pregnancy.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Endometriosis; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; Retrospective Studies; Case-Control Studies; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
PubMed: 35905901
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2022.102446 -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology :... Aug 2022Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders involve an abnormality in the implantation of the placenta, being rarely diagnosed in the first trimester. To conduct a...
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders involve an abnormality in the implantation of the placenta, being rarely diagnosed in the first trimester. To conduct a systematic review of the risk factors, clinical and imaging features, and outcomes of histopathologically confirmed cases of PAS disorders in the first trimester of pregnancy. Different databases including PubMed, MEDLINE Complete, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS, and Ovid were reviewed up to November 2018. 55 patients with a definitive histopathological diagnosis were reported. About 18 had a history of prior curettage and 47 of previous caesarean deliveries (CD). About 74.54% presented with miscarriage and ultrasound signs of caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) were reported in 22.49%. Temporal sequence of diagnostic studies could be determined in 52 women, and, among these, PAS disorders were defined through imaging techniques in 11 (21.15%) while surgical findings unveiled them in 15 (28.84%). Nonetheless, in half of the cases, the diagnosis was concluded only on histopathological samples. PAS disorders in the first trimester of pregnancy are rarely diagnosed through imaging techniques and lead to hysterectomy in most cases. Ultrasound training to detect PAS disorders in women with risk factors is crucial for early diagnosis and prevention of adverse outcomes.
Topics: Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Placenta; Placenta Accreta; Placenta Previa; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy, Ectopic; Retrospective Studies; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 35724241
DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2071151 -
Human Reproduction (Oxford, England) Jun 2022Is there an association between the different endometrial preparation protocols for frozen embryo transfer (FET) and obstetric and perinatal outcomes? (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
STUDY QUESTION
Is there an association between the different endometrial preparation protocols for frozen embryo transfer (FET) and obstetric and perinatal outcomes?
SUMMARY ANSWER
Programmed FET protocols were associated with a significantly higher risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), pre-eclampsia (PE), post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) and cesarean section (CS) when compared with natural FET protocols.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
An important and growing source of concern regarding the use of FET on a wide spectrum of women, is represented by its association with obstetric and perinatal complications. However, reasons behind these increased risks are still unknown and understudied.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
Systematic review with meta-analysis. We systematically searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus, from database inception to 1 November 2021. Published randomized controlled trials, cohort and case control studies were all eligible for inclusion. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The quality of evidence was also evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Studies were included only if investigators reported obstetric and/or perinatal outcomes for at least two of the following endometrial preparation protocols: programmed FET cycle (PC-FET) (i.e. treatment with hormone replacement therapy (HRT)); total natural FET cycle (tNC-FET); modified natural FET cycle (mNC-FET); stimulated FET cycle (SC-FET).
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Pooled results showed a higher risk of HDP (12 studies, odds ratio (OR) 1.90; 95% CI 1.64-2.20; P < 0.00001; I2 = 50%) (very low quality), pregnancy-induced hypertension (5 studies, OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.03-2.07; P = 0.03; I2 = 0%) (very low quality), PE (8 studies, OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.87-2.39; P < 0.00001; I2 = 29%) (low quality), placenta previa (10 studies, OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.05-1.54; P = 0.01; I2 = 8%) (very low quality), PPH (6 studies, OR 2.53; 95% CI 2.19-2.93; P < 0.00001; I2 = 0%) (low quality), CS (12 studies, OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.53-1.71; P < 0.00001; I2 = 48%) (very low quality), preterm birth (15 studies, OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.09-1.29; P < 0.0001; I2 = 47%) (very low quality), very preterm birth (7 studies, OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.23-2.15; P = 0.0006; I2 = 21%) (very low quality), placenta accreta (2 studies, OR 6.29; 95% CI 2.75-14.40; P < 0.0001; I2 = 0%) (very low quality), preterm premature rupture of membranes (3 studies, OR 1.84; 95% CI 0.82-4.11; P = 0.14; I2 = 61%) (very low quality), post-term birth (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.25-2.90; P = 0.003; I2 = 73%) (very low quality), macrosomia (10 studies, OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.05-1.32; P = 0.007; I2 = 45%) (very low quality) and large for gestational age (LGA) (14 studies, OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.01-1.16; P = 0.02; I2 = 50%) (very low quality), in PC-FET pregnancies when compared with NC (tNC + mNC)-FET pregnancies. However, after pooling of ORs adjusted for the possible confounding variables, the endometrial preparation by HRT maintained a significant association in all sub-analyses exclusively with HDP, PE, PPH (low quality) and CS (very low quality).
LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
The principal limitation concerns the heterogeneity across studies in: (i) timing and dosage of HRT; (ii) embryo stage at transfer; and (iii) inclusion of preimplantation genetic testing cycles. To address it, we undertook subgroup analyses by pooling only ORs adjusted for a specific possible confounding factor.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Endometrial preparation protocols with HRT were associated with worse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. However, because of the methodological weaknesses, recommendations for clinical practice cannot be made. Well conducted prospective studies are thus warranted to establish a safe endometrial preparation strategy for FET cycles aimed at limiting superimposed risks in women with an 'a priori' high-risk profile for obstetric and perinatal complications.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
None.
REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42021249927.
Topics: Cesarean Section; Embryo Transfer; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Premature Birth; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35553678
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac073 -
Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology Oct 2022To explore the role of balloon tamponade insertion in pregnancies complicated by placenta previa. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
To explore the role of balloon tamponade insertion in pregnancies complicated by placenta previa.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
Medline, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched electronically on October 17. Inclusion criteria were women with placenta previa undergoing, compared to those not undergoing, balloon tamponade insertion at the time of the cesarean section (CS). The outcomes observed were total, intra- and post-operative estimated blood loss (EBL), need for blood transfusion, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), hysterectomy and additional surgical or medical procedures to achieve hemostasis. Results were reported as pooled odd ratios (OR) or mean difference (MD) according to the outcome investigated.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Four studies (593 women) were included. Total EBL was significantly lower in women undergoing balloon tamponade insertion during CS compared to controls (MD: -556.3, 95% CI -496 to -617.0, P=0.001). Likewise, women undergoing balloon tamponade insertion had significantly lower intra- (MD: -699.8, 95% CI -766.1 to -633.5, P=0.001) and post-operative (MD: -1162 mL (95% CI -1211.1 to -1134.4, P<0.001) compared to women who did undergo such procedure. Furthermore, women undergoing balloon tamponade insertion had a significantly lower risk of requiring additional surgical (OR: 0.16, 95% CI 0.1-0.5, I=0%; P=0.001) or medical (OR: 0.02, 95% CI 0.003-0.1, I=0; P=0.001) procedures to achieve hemostasis. Conversely, there was no significant difference in either the need for blood transfusion (P=0.071), admission to ICU (P=0.459) or need for hysterectomy (P=0.312) between women undergoing, compared to those not undergoing, balloon tamponade insertion during CS for placenta previa.
CONCLUSIONS
Elective balloon tamponade insertion at the time of CS for placenta previa seems to be associated with a lower EBL and a reduced risk of additional medical and surgical procedures to control hemostasis. Large and adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these results and introduce elective balloon tamponade insertion at the time of CS for placenta previa in clinical practice.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Male; Placenta Previa; Uterine Balloon Tamponade; Cesarean Section; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Hysterectomy; Postoperative Hemorrhage
PubMed: 35238196
DOI: 10.23736/S2724-606X.22.05055-2